Owathi "Eureka!"? ukutholakala edume of Archimedes isimiso

Iningi lethu khumbula Archimedes esikoleni. Kwaba nguye owathi, "Eureka!", Ngemuva kokufaka ibe okugeza futhi ngaphawula ukuthi izinga lamanzi rose. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni ukuqonda ukuthi umthamo wamanzi dengwane ungakwazi ukukwenza kufanele kulingane ivolumu into kwamanzi.

Igolide Korona Gierona

Kwake kwaba khona inkosi egama layo Hieron. Izwe, okuyinto wagijima, lalilincane kakhulu, kodwa ngenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi wayefuna ukugqoka umqhele esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. yokukhiqiza wayo wayala ngamagugu okunekhono eyaziwa, simenze omina abayishumi ngegolide elihlanzekile. Master pledged sifeze umsebenzi ezinsukwini ezingu-90. Emva kwalesi sikhathi, i-ngamagugu waletha umqhele. Kwaba umsebenzi omkhulu, futhi wonke umuntu ekubona lokho, wathi ukuthi akalingani emhlabeni wonke.

Lapho iNkosi Hiero ubeke umqhele ekhanda lakhe, waze wazizwa kancane ungakhululekile, kwaba umnqwazo enhle kangaka. Inala bencoma, wanquma bayasikala esikalini yabo. Umqhele esingamakhilogremu 10 pound, njengoba ngaphambilini. Inkosi yajabula, kodwa namanje wanquma ambonise yindoda ehlakaniphile nenkulu, ogama lakhe lalingu-Archimedes. Yena toyed nge umnqwazo nezinhlu ngokucophelela futhi wabe esesikisela ukuthi engahlanzekile ezandleni a ngamagugu kungaba ukweba negolide, ukugcina isisindo umkhiqizo engeza ithusi noma isiliva.

Hiero ekhathazekile ebuzwa Archimedes ukunikeza kuye nge ubufakazi lokukhwabanisa kunjalo, uma umninindlu kwaba yokungathembeki. Usosayensi angazanga indlela yokukwenza, kodwa wayengaqiniseki ukuthi umuntu obona into engenakwenzeka. Yena ngentshiseko benza ekuxazululeni njengenye yezinkinga ezinzima kakhulu, futhi uma umbuzo stumped kuye, engayeki kwaze kwaba yilapho ethola impendulo. Ngakho nsuku zonke wacabanga ngokukhandwa igolide futhi wazama ukuthola indlela ngawo ungabheka ukukhwabanisa, ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo umqhele.

okutholakele Omkhulu kwenzeke ngengozi

Archimedes kanye ekuseni, ecabanga umqhele wenkosi, wayelungiselela okugeza. okugeza elikhulu wayegcwele phama, lapho engena khona, futhi abanye amanzi leaked esitezi itshe. Kuye kwenzeka okufanayo kakade izikhathi eziningi, kodwa Usosayensi wokuqala ukucabanga ngokujulile ngakho. "Angakanani amanzi ahamba kulo mina becindezela, angena okugeza?" - wabuza yena. - "ketshezi weza njengoba nje kunjalo ngawo kwaba kimi. Man uhhafu ubukhulu bami ngeke azixoshe nengxenye. Bekuyokwenzeka okufanayo uma sibeka umqhele "in the okugeza.

Owathi "Eureka!"?

Igolide kusinda kakhulu ngenxa kwabantu ethize kunesiliva. Futhi omina abayishumi ngegolide elihlanzekile ngeke ukwazi ukuba azixoshe amanzi kakhulu ngendlela azixoshe amakhilogremu eziyisikhombisa zegolide, exutshwe amakhilogremu amathathu esiliva. Ngo esiliva osayizi kuyoba emikhulu, ngakho-ke, amanzi futhi ngeke azixoshe kunegolide elicwengekileyo. Halala, ekugcineni! Ngiyitholile! Ngakho othile wathi, "Eureka!" Kwaba Archimedes. Ukukhohlwa konke okunye, wavele ngiphume kubhavu kanye, ngaphandle kokuma ukuba agqoke ngokwakhe, wagijima emigwaqweni ukuze yenkosi, zimemeza zithi "Eureka! Eureka! Eureka! "Ehunyushiwe kusukela incazelo yesiGreki" Ngithole! Ngathola! Ngathola! "

Umqhele ihlolwe. Ngenxa yalokho, mlandu ngamagugu sika kwafakazelani akunakungatshazwa ezinengqondo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wajeziswa noma cha, umlando ethule, ngokuyisisekelo akunandaba. Into ebalulekile ukuthi yena owathi, "Eureka!", In a okugeza zathola omkhulu, okuyinto ebaluleke ngaphezu Korona Gierona.

Umqondo "eureka"

Igama lihlotshaniswa heuristics, umkhakha ulwazi, libhekisela isipiliyoni kanye umuzwa ukuba uxazulule izinkinga inqubo yokufunda nokwenza okutholakele. Lesi sibabazo ehlangene usosayensi Archimedes owathi "Eureka" ngemva ekhanda kwafika ngesinqumo, kwathula namadlambi olwandle ngesikhathi inkinga. Le ndaba mayelana enomqhele wegolide okokuqala wabonakala ngokubhala encwadini Vitruvius, ngemva kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka lesi sigameko.

Ezinye izazi ziye zathi bakungabaza ukunemba le ndaba, bathi le ndlela idinga izibalo ezinembile ukuthi bekuyoba nzima ukwenza ngaleso sikhathi. izinkinga ezifanayo ehilelekile uGalileo Galiley, ukunikela design sokulinganisela hydrostatic, inqubo eyayingase isetshenziswe ukuqhathanisa isisindo mass ezomile into nge into efanayo, kuphela emanzini.

lokusungula olungenamkhawulo

Omunye omdala futhi owaziwa inganekwane lumayelana Archimedes edume. Owathi: "Eureka!"? Futhi kungani, ngiye ngizibuze, okutholakele eziningi ezinkulu zenziwe ngesikhathi nsuku zonke imisebenzi isimiso - egumbini lokugezela, ukulala ngaphansi kwesihlahla? Archimedes waqhubeka sandla lesibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni isayensi. Famous ngesiGreki oyisazi sezibalo nesezinkanyezi, wazalwa ngo-287 BC eSirakhuse, ikoloni laseGrisi eliseSisili, wafa 212 BC. e. phakathi nokuhlaselwa kwabantu baseRoma. umthetho wakhe ngoba siyafundwa esikoleni, futhi namanje njengelinye lamazwe ososayensi okukhulu kunakho konke emlandweni.

Archimedes 'isimiso

Lomgomo abadumile, ephelezelwa indaba ezithakazelisayo, kanje: isisindo unesimo esifana kufanele uthathe inani elifanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ifomu. Owathi "Eureka"? Futhi kusho ukuthini? Kwakuyisikhathi okukhulu phakathi ukutholakala obalulekile. Isimiso yemvelo ka-Archimedes kuchazwa kanje: uma umzimba egxilile uketshezi, uqala ukwenza phezu buoyancy ngamandla alinganayo isisindo uketshezi dengwane.

Kungani abanye izinto ukuntanta, abanye bengazi? Lokhu kungenxa lo mkhuba buoyancy. Ngokwesibonelo, steel ibhola ngeke ukucwila, kodwa steel isisindo esifanayo, kodwa ukuma esandleni sakhe indebe uyakuba ukuntanta ngoba isisindo isakazwa phezu indawo enkulu, futhi kwabantu steel kuba esingaphansi kwabantu amanzi. Isibonelo kungenzeka imikhumbi emikhulu, okuyinto linesisindo esingamathani angu eziningana futhi ukubhukuda olwandle.