Anna Pavlová: Biography nesithombe. Isikhova i-great ballerina Russian

Isikhova i-great Russian ballerina Anna Pavlová wazalwa 12 Februwari 1881 Petersburg. Le ntombazane wesihlahla, unina wasebenza wasendlini ngesikhathi umnikazi owaziwa Lazar Polyakov, yena kubhekwa Uyise womntwana. Wezimali yena ikuphi ukubandakanyeka bezalwa wakhe akazange aqaphele, kodwa Akazange engqondweni iqiniso lokuthi intombazane sabhalwa njengoba Anna Lazarevna.

Umama Anna Polyakova kwesokunxele ekhaya nengane, bafike bazinza edolobheni Petersburg. Le ntombazane yakhula yathuthuka ngaphansi kokuqondisa kanina, owayesebenzisa wazama kanzima ukuze bagxilise indodakazi kwakhe uthando yobuciko.

Creative biography Anny Pavlovoy

Ngelinye ilanga umama wathatha Anna kuya Mariinsky Theatre. Wanikeza "Sleeping Beauty" Petra Ilicha Chaykovskogo. Nge imisindo yokuqala ye-orchestra Anya ubohle. Wabe bebambe ballet, ehefuzela, inhliziyo yakhe ezazinyakaziswa yinjabulo, efana touch of ubuhle.

Ngo isenzo sesibili, abafana namantombazane enkundleni dancing a i-waltz.

- Wena ungathanda ukudansa? - kusho umama ka-Anna phakathi nekhefu, ebhekisela sekungena umdanso.

- Cha ... Ngifuna ukudansa, njengoba kwenza ubuhle ingalali ... - intombazane waphendula.

Ngemva kokuxoxa nomninikhaya endaweni enhle ebizwa ngokuthi Mariinsky Theatre Anna Waphupha mayelana ballet. Zonke izingxoxo ababesendlini manje kuphela art choreographic, intombazane kusukela ekuseni lize liyoshona ukudansa phambi kwesibuko, waya uthole nomqondo we-ballet. I umdlalo akuyona wawufana ingane, ukudansa kwaba yingxenye yempilo yakhe.

Umama, ebona lokhu, wathatha u-Anna ukuba isikole ballet. Ngaleso sikhathi, ingane ngokulambisa aneminyaka ebunane. Othisha bayalwa ukuba eze eminyakeni emibili, kanti siphawula ikhono undoubted ka Ani. Ngo-1891, i-umdansi esizayo wangeniswa Petersburg Academy of Theatre Ubuciko eMnyangweni ballet.

Isifundo egqoka uhlamvu Spartan, konke kwabuye subordinated isiyalo esiqinile, umsebenzi eyathatha amahora ayisishiyagalombili ngosuku. Kodwa ngo-1898, u-Anna waphothula ekolishi nge-honours. ukusebenza Final ngokuthi "dryads acabangwayo" ke intombazane wasina Party inceku indodakazi.

ngokushesha Anna wathatha ku Mariinsky Theatre. aseqala zawo ballet "ukuqaphela Ize" ngokudlule de Trois (ezintathu umdanso). Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, u-Anna Pavlová wasina indima abaholayo ekubekeni umculo by Cesare Pugni "Ndodakazi I sikaFaro." Kube sekuqala umdansi usebenze njengomahluleli Nikia e "La Bayadere", okuyinto wafaka ngokwayo uMarius Petipa, impunga ballet Russian. Ngo-1903, Pavlov kakade isinyathelo in the indima abaholayo ku-ballet "Giselle".

ukuthuthukiswa

Ngo-1906, u-Anna wamiswa njengombonisi umdansi eziholayo Kirov Ballet. Yaqala ngomfutho umsebenzi usesho okudala ngenxa yamafomu amasha. ballet Russian edingekayo izibuyekezo, futhi Pauline wakwazi ukwakha izithombe eziningi emoyeni besikhathi sethu, ukusebenza Umhleli womdanso Aleksandrom Gorskim Innovator ngubani inesifiso dramatization inkinga lekhona endzabeni, kwaba umsekeli okuqina inhlekelele dance.

Anna Pavlová futhi Mikhail Fokin

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20-ballet isiRashiya kwakuwulimi ngaphansi kwethonya imisinga ashisekela izinguquko. Omunye abasekeli oshisekayo iningi ushintsho olukhulu ubuciko ballet kwaba Umhleli womdanso Mikhail Fokin. Wenqaba kusukela ngokwahlukana yendabuko ukulingisa umdanso. Enye inhloso ye wezinguquko Fokine kwaba ukuqedwa ukusetshenziswa amafomu preprinted e-ballet, ukunyakaza futhi inhlanganisela. Wanikela Improvisation dance ngokuthi kuyisisekelo lonke ballet.

Anna Pavlová wenza umculi wokuqala kwamaqembu amakhulu e imikhiqizo ye Mihaila fokina. Kwakuwusuku "Nights waseGibhithe", "Berenice," "Les Sylphides", "umvini", "u-Evnike," "Le Pavillon d'Armide". Kodwa umphumela eyinhloko nokubambisana kwaba ballet "I Dying Swan" umculo by Saint-Saëns, okuyinto lwaluyoba olunye lwezimpawu ballet Russian kwekhulu lama-20. Umlando ballerina Pavlová kuhlangene ngokungenakuhlukaniswa Kulokhu nobuciko bokusina. yesehlakalo Ballet of dada befa kwashaqisa umhlaba.

Ngo-December walowo 1907 ekhonsathini esiza abantulayo Anna Pavlová ngacula "Swan Dying". Umqambi Camille Saint-Saëns, owayekhona ngesikhathi esifanayo, ishaqekile nokuchazwa umculo wakhe futhi wabonisa ngokumthanda olujulile ukusebenza emincanyana abanamakhono. Yena uqobo wabonga ballerina ngoba siyakujabulela, emadolweni bended, wathi: "Ngenxa yenu, ngabona ukuthi wakwazi ukubhala nomculo omnandi."

I ballerina engcono kuwo wonke amazwekazi baye bazama ukwenza edumile ballet yesikhumbuzo. Ngemva Anna Pavlová kuphumelele ngokugcwele Maya Plisetskaya.

uhambo angaphandle

Ngo-1907, i-Imperial Mariinsky Theatre waya kude. Imisebenzi yayiqhutshelwa Stockholm. Ngokushesha ngemva kokubuyela Russia Anna Pavlová, le ballerina odumo izwe, washiya ethiyetha bomdabu, bahlupheka kakhulu kule material, njengoba kwadingeka wuliswa omkhulu ngokwehluleka inkontileka. Nokho, lokhu akuzange kuwumise umsebenzi wokudansa.

ukuphila Siqu

Anna Pavlová, le ballerina nge izinhlelo ebanzi yokudala, waya eParis, lapho baqala ukuhlanganyela "Izinkathi Russian" futhi ngokushesha ngaba inkanyezi yephrojekthi. Khona-ke uMariya wabhekana Victor Dandre, connoisseur omkhulu ubuciko ballet, lawo ngokushesha wathatha ukusekelwa Anna wasuka endlini edolobheni Paris, ayihlomele umdanso ekilasini. Nokho, Kubiza ngempela eqolo, futhi Dandre wayesaphaze imali komphakathi, waboshwa futhi lakhe lathethwa khona.

Khona-ke Pavlová Anna Pavlovna waphetha ebiza kakhulu, kodwa inkontileka sasondelana London ejensi "Braff", kwaba phansi okuyinto ukwenza nsuku zonke, kabili ngosuku. Imali wasiza ukuhlenga Victor Dandre ejele, njengoba isikweletu sakhe waba kungacimi. Lovers sashada amasonto Paris Orthodox.

Swans e empilweni ballerina

Ngemva Pavlov kancane wasebenza ngaphansi inkontileka ne "Braff" ejensi, yena wadala inkampani yakhe siqu ballet futhi baqala ukukhuluma ngezinye ukunqoba eFrance nase UK. Ngokuphelele ixazululwe nge ejensi, Anna Pavlová, ukuphila kwakhe siqu zilungisiwe, wahlala kanye Dandre eLondon. ikhaya Babephokophele Ivy House is a inxuluma nge echibini eliseduze, lapho bebephila ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi enhle emhlophe. Kusukela manje impilo Anny Pavlovoy sasihlangene exhumene nale ndlu emangalisayo, nezinyoni zasebukhosini. Ballerina uthola induduzo ukukhuluma ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi.

umsebenzi okwengeziwe

Pavlová Anna Pavlovna, nemvelo iyasebenza, izinhlelo ezithandwayo zezingoma ekuthuthukiseni akhe okudala. Umyeni wakhe, ngenhlanhla, kungazelelwe wathola ikhono uzihlanganisa ekukhiqizeni nokukhuthaza umsebenzi ngumkayo. Waba umphathi olusemthethweni Anny Pavlovoy, futhi dancer omkhulu wayengasakwazi ukhathazeke ngekusasa labo, kwaba ezandleni omuhle.

Ngo-1913 no-1914 i-umdansi wenziwa eMoscow Petersburg, kuhlanganise Mariinsky Theater, lapho yena zokugcina wasina Nikia. E-Moscow, Anna Pavlová efika engadini Mirror Theatre "Hermitage". Ukulandela lesi sethulo, wahamba uhambo olude Europe. Khona-ke kulandela izinyanga eziningi babuka e-United States, i-Brazil, Chile futhi Argentina. Khona-ke, ngemva sekhefu elifushane, Dandre wahlela uhambo-Australia kanye namazwe ase-Asia.

Esifisweni sokuba kube nezinguquko

Emuva e-Iminyaka yokuqala yaleli khulu Mariinsky Theatre, ngemva kokuqeda esikoleni, Anna Pavlová wazizwa ezingadala ukushintsha canons aqiniswa art ballet. umdansi Young ebhekene isidingo acute ushintsho. Yayicabanga ukuthi nobuciko bokusina kungenziwa landiswa futhi ingenza amafomu amasha. Classics uhlobo kwakubonakala kancane yisikhathi, ezidinga ukuthuthukiswa olukhulu.

Ukuprakthiza ingxenye yakhe "ukuqaphela Ize", Pavlov aphakanyisiwe uMarius Petipa ukwenza isinyathelo izinguquko kanye indawo isiketi esifushane crinoline isiketi a ingubo kufaneleka eside, bephawula abadumile Mariyu Taloni, omele i-ballet we zothando Era, okuyinto waqamba tutu futhi Pointe izicathulo, kanye maqede wasishiya dengwane esivuna isiketi esifushane falling izingubo.

Umhleli womdanso Petipa walalela ngokubona Anna, bayilungisa, uMarius Ubuke umdanso kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni. Ngemva kwalokho, Tutu baba imfanelo yamakhonsathi ezifana "Swan Lake", lapho isiketi esifushane kuyafaneleka yokuqondisa isitayela. Abaningi bacabanga ukwethulwa ijazi njengoba uhlobo eziyisisekelo ballet ukugqoka kokunikezwa kwe-canons, kodwa nokho isikhathi eside egeleza ballerina izingubo ngokukhamba kwesikhathi iyavela ubuciko ballet zokubhukuda njengoba kuyingxenye edingekayo ukusebenza.

Ukudala kanye impikiswano

Anna Pavlová yena ngokuthi uqobo umqalisi wezinguquko. Wayeziqhenya ukuthi wakwazi ukuba ayiyeke le "Usale bevalelisa" (crinoline iziketi,), akulungise efaneleko. Kwadingeka ngilwe kubahluleli bakwa-ballet bendabuko futhi afakazele ukuthi uTutu akuyona yonke ukusebenza. Futhi lokho zokubhukuda waseshashalazini Kufanele kukhethwe ngokuhambisana okwenzekayo enkundleni, kunokuba esivuna canons we-classic.

Abaphikisi uPawulu wagomela ngokuthi imilenze evulekile - Ngokuyinhloko ngesibonakaliso art of dance. Anna wavuma, kodwa wathi uyazithanda inkululeko ethé xaxa enkulu ekukhethweni kuka imvunulo. Yayinomuzwa wokuthi crinoline eside babe ngemfanelo zezemfundo ngokuphelele akanayo ukuba creative. imithetho loluhlelekile bebelokhu izinhlangothi ezimbili, kodwa izwi lokugcina watimisela kuya emphakathini.

Anna Pavlová yadabuka kuphela eyodwa siswele ingubo ende - ingubo bancishwa ballerina "porhlivosti". Lolo izwi up yena, igama elithi kwakusho ukuthi emphethweni wasivalela ukunyakaza ezindizayo umzimba, noma kunalokho, lalicasha indiza uqobo. Kodwa-ke u-Anna esezifunde ukusizakala ngalo icala. Ballerina wanikela umlingani uyiphonse kancane ephakeme kunokujwayelekile, futhi konke kwaqala ukuhamba kahle. Ngo umdanso kwakukhona nenkululeko edingekayo ukunyakaza futhi umusa.

USerge Lifar: Okuvelayo

"Angikaze ngimbone umuntu ukudlala ezifana saphezulu, airiness isisindo nokunyakaza ngomusa ngakho." Ngakho ngabhala le Umhleli womdanso ngobukhulu French Serge Lifar ku Emhlanganweni aba nawo ballerina Russian casula Pavlovoy.

"Kusukela ngesikhathi kuqala benqotshwa imvelo ebaziwe, yena idansa indlela yokuphefumula lula futhi kube ngokwemvelo. Kwakungekho isifiso ukulungisa fuete ballet, namasu virtuoso. Kuphela ubuhle bemvelo emvelo umzimba ukunyakaza futhi ukudlala, airiness ..."

"Ngabona uPawulu akusiwona umdansi nokudansa buchopho. Wabuza kimi kusuka phansi kuyaphezulu, angikwazanga ukukhuluma noma ukuhlola. Sintula akubanga nor fantshi they abe unkulunkulu."

Touring nezibalo

Anna Pavlová ubekhona babuka ukuphila iminyaka 22. Ngalesi sikhathi yena waba nengxenye ukusebenza anesithoba amawaka, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu lapho sele idlulile solo ukubulawa kwabo izindima eyinhloko. Ukuhambisa kwelinye idolobha, ballerina unqobe kungekho amakhilomitha esingaphansi 500 ayizinkulungwane ngesitimela. master Italian wokwenza ballet izicathulo bathunga u-Anna Pavlová ngazimbili ayizinkulungwane ezimbili Pointe izicathulo ngonyaka.

Phakathi eziningi izinkambo ballerina uhlezi nomyeni wakhe emzini wakhe, phakathi ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi uhlangothi, emthunzini kwezihlahla, eduze echibini namanje ahlanzekile. Kokunye ukuvakasha okunjalo Dandre abamenyiwe bodumo umthwebuli Lafayette, owenza uchungechunge izithombe Anny Pavlovoy nge swan yakhe ayithandayo. Namuhla, lezi zithombe ziqondakala njengendlela inkumbulo ballerina enkulu yekhulu lama-20.

E-Australia, yokudumisa ballerina Russian Anna Pavlová necebo dessert "Pavlová" izithelo exotic nge ukwengeza meringue. By the way, Zealand bathi wadala le elinuka uswidi.

Uma Anna Pavlová wasina enkundleni ethandwa abantu Mexican umdanso "Tapati Kharab," okusho ukuthi "ukudansa nge isigqoko," siyakwazi ukuchaza kwakhe. BaseMexico umdansi nomdlandla futhi wagquma lonke yesehlakalo izigqoko. Futhi ngo-1924, lokhu kudansa kwathiwa umdanso kazwelonke we-Mexican Republic.

EChina, Anna Pavlová wamangaza izethameli, wasina ayimi 37 fuete on a yesikhulumi encane, efakwe ngemuva indlovu, ehamba phezu ensimini.

abatshali-Dutch usukhulile ezihlukahlukene ekhethekile umbala Tulips elimhlophe okuyizinto ezingenawo wathola igama ballerina omkhulu Anna Pavlová. izimbali Ngokucophelela ku usinamathelise sifanamsindvo, njengoba zonke lezi zilo sifanekisela umusa.

ELondon, wakha eziningi ezikhumbuzo ezahlukene elalinikezelwe ballerina. Ngalinye lawo lingelawo nenkathi ethile ngokuphila kwakhe. Abathathu lesikhumbuzo efakwe eduze kwendlu Ivy House lapho Pavlov osephile cishe konke ukuphila kwakhe.

Anna is a kwabaswele emangalisayo, yena eyingoduso izinhlangano eziqoqa iminikelo yabahluphekile, wavula ezintandane eziningana futhi dosshouses izingane abangenamakhaya. Abafana namantombazane izivakashi kulezi zikhungo kanye nekhono ukudansa, abakhethelwa nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi umdanso izingane wesikole, indlu evulekile Ivy House.

Hlukanisa isenzo esiza abantulayo Anna Pavlová wayethola impumuzo yayo indlala iVolga esifundeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yesicelo layo njalo ukuthumela amaphasela kuya Petersburg ballet esikoleni.

Kokufa umdansi enkulu

Anna Pavlová wabulawa i-pneumonia 23 Januwari, 1931 e-The Hague, phakathi nohambo. Ballerina kwi ukubuyekeza abandayo egumbini abandayo. umlotha zawo columbarium kuyinto "Golders Green", e-London. I isitsha itholakala eduze izinsalela umyeni wakhe Victor Dandre.

Le filimu, wadala kumemori Anny Pavlovoy

Life kanye isiphetho ballerina edumile emhlabeni sabonakala ifilimu ithelevishini ezinhlanu okuhleliwe ahlelwa Emile Lotyanu.

umlando ifilimu utshela ukuphila isikhathi esifushane kodwa engenakulibaleka le ballerina omkhulu futhi indoda enhle okuthiwa u-Ana Pavlová. 1983, okukhiphayo isikhathi uchungechunge esikrinini, waba unyaka 102 esenzeka ngokuzalwa umdansi. Le filimu abathintekayo eziningi izinhlamvu, futhi indima uPawulu wahlabelela actress Galina Belyaeva.