Kunoma yikuphi umuzi omkhulu wanamuhla kunamathuna asendulo avuliwe. Namuhla, i-necropolises enjalo ivame ukuqaphela izikhumbuzo zokwakha, ngokuvamile ukuvakasha okuhleliwe kuhlelwe ensimini yabo. Futhi ngempela, kunoma iyiphi i-pogost eyanele endala kukhona into okufanele uyibuke futhi ucabange ngayo. Uma unesithakazelo kule ndaba, qiniseka ukuthi uvakashela amathuna eLutheran Smolensk eSt. Petersburg.
I-necropolis yasendulo yamazwe eSt. Petersburg
Kuze kube yizehlakalo zango-1917 izinguquko, isimo sengqondo sabafokazi baseRussia sasikhethekile. Abachwepheshe abavela emikhakheni ehlukahlukene kanye nososayensi basezweni laseYurophu bahlonishwa futhi bakhuthazwa ukuba basebenze futhi bathuthele eRussia ngazo zonke izindlela, kwakuhlonishwa futhi bashade nomfokazi ofanelekayo. Ngenxa yalokho, amaJalimane, amaFulentshi namaBrithani athuthela ezweni lethu yonke imindeni, futhi abaningi bahlala lapha kuze kube phakade. Okubalulekile, izifiki zagcina isimo sabo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zithola ukuqashelwa komphakathi noma ukuthunyelwe okuphezulu kunzima nakakhulu kune "indawo". Izivakashi ezinjalo zazingadingeki nokwamukela i-Orthodoxy, kungakhathaliseki isimo, abaseYurophu bavunyelwe ukugcina ukholo lwabo futhi bangafihli izinkolelo zenkolo. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ngo-1747, ngesicelo seSonto, inhlangano ye-necropolis yokuqala eSt. Petersburg yamathuna angewona ama-Orthodox aqala. Yile ndlela amathuna aseLutheran Smolensk abonakala eningizimu yeqhingi lamaC decembrists, elibizwa ngegama lalo ngokuhlonipha uMfula iSmolenka, ogijima eduze.
Ubani owangcwatshwa kwi-necropolis engeyona i-Orthodox?
Indawo yokuhlelwa kwezindawo zokungcwaba "zabezinye izizwe" yakhethwa ngaphandle kwephutha. Kuseduze kakhulu nesiqhingi saseVasilievsky, ngaleso sikhathi esasihlala izivakashi eziningi. Njengoba iningi lemikhaya yangaphandle ehlala eSt. Petersburg yayingamaJalimane, incazelo yalesi sizwe yaba ngendlela efana negama elithi "wesinye isizwe". Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngokuvamile amathuna eSmolensk Lutheran abizwa futhi abizwe namuhla "isiJalimane". Eqinisweni, kwakungcwatshwa abameleli benkolo ehlukahlukene, phakathi kwabo babeyizizwe ezihlukahlukene. Uhlelo lokuqala lwangcwaba lwalungiswa ngumdwebi weTrzzini. Izindawo zokungcwaba kule ncropolis ezimweni eziningi zenziwa ngekhono elikhethekile futhi ngokuvumelana nayo yonke imithetho yaleso sikhathi, ngoba ngokuvamile indawo yokuhlala yokugcina lapha itholakala ngabantu abaziwa kakhulu, abahlonishwayo nabacebile. Ama-crypts ajwayelekile, izingoma eziqoshiwe kanye nama-tombstones amakhulu kakhulu ahlotshisiwe - into ejwayelekile yeSmolensk Pogost.
"Ukuqhakaza" kwe-necropolis
Ngo-1836, kunqunywe ukwandisa indawo yamathuna. Ukuze kusetshenziswe le phrojekthi, umkhandlu waseSt. Catherine's uthenge umhlaba owakhiwa yikhansela lombuso uKireev. Ngenxa yalokho, indawo yonke ye-necropolis yenyuka ibe ngamahektha angu-15. Kuze kube manje, incwadi yamarekhodi angcwatshwa ngo-1912-1919 iye yagcinwa. Ngemva kokufunda le dokhumenti, singaphetha ngokuthi ngonyaka owodwa amathuna eSmolensk Lutheran eSt. Petersburg wanda ngamathuna amasha angaphansi kuka-350. Ngokuphelele, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kule ncropolis ingcwatshwe cishe ngabantu abayi-25-30 abayizinkulungwane.
Amathuna eSmolenskoye ngasekuqaleni kwe-XIX - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX
Ngokusemthethweni, i-necropolis kwaze kwaba ngoFebruwari 1, 1919 yayiyingxenye yokufika kweLutheran Church of St. Catherine. Umkhandlu wesonto uhlale ukhathalela ukuthuthukiswa kwendawo yamathuna kanye nokugcinwa kwe-oda elifanele kulo. Ngo-1882, isibonelo, kwahlanganiswa ngisho nohlu lwezikhumbuzo ezazizobuyiselwa noma zithathelwe indawo. Kuphelele, ama-gravestones angaphezu kuka-1 500 afakwe kulolu hlu. Lokho okwakonakaliswe ikakhulukazi kwachazwa ngokuningiliziwe futhi kugcinwe esontweni. Ngo-1860, umkhandlu wesonto wasabela ngokuvumelana nesicelo sikaKhomishane sokwakhiwa kwamangcwaba mayelana nokuba khona kwendawo ye-necropolis yezakhiwo nama-gravestones ekhulu le-18. Ngokwale dokhumenti, ngaleso sikhathi kwakunezingcwaba ezingu-83 kanye nezikhumbuzo eziyisihlanu zokwakhiwa kwenkathi ekhonjiwe ensimini yesonto. NgoFebruwari 1, 1919, amathuna amaLutheran Smolensk ahlelwa ezweni futhi adluliselwa ehhovisi likaKhomishana wezoPhakathi.
Ukuvala okusemthethweni kanye neminyaka ye-WWII
Amathuna amaningi, i-necropolis ivaliwe ngo-1939. Kodwa, naphezu kwaleli qiniso, kuze kube phakathi kwamangcwaba angama-single eyedwa yama-XX eyedwa yenziwa lapha. Kusukela kulo mzuzu indaba yokunciphisa amathuna adumile aqala. Amanye ama-tombstones ayigugu kakhulu adluliselwa ku-necropolis ka-Alexander Nevsky Lavra, kuyilapho amanye amathuna aqala ukwanda ngotshani, nezikhumbuzo zawo - ukubola nokuwa. Amathuna eLutheran Smolensk ngesikhathi seMpi Enkulu yePatriotic, kanye ne-Orthodox efile. Lapha, ingcwaba leningi lakhiwa abaqaphi beLeningrad Front kanye nokungcwaba izingane ezingavamile. Ngo-May 9, 1942 kwesinye sezikole zaseLeningrad, izingane kanye nabafundisi bahambahamba, iqembu lonke kanye nabasebenzi bezikole babulawa ngaphansi komlilo wezikhali zezitha. Izingane zazingcwaba lapha, ethuneni elivamile.
Abantu abadumile bamngcwaba emathuneni eSmolensk
Namuhla amathuna enza umbono odabukisayo. Imifanekiso ekhangayo namathuna zibhujiswa kakhulu, zizungeze udoti kanye nokubhujiswa. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uhamba emigqeni yamathuna, ungakwazi ukulandelela ingxenye ebalulekile yomlando walowo muzi okhazimulayo. Qinisekisa ukuthi uhamba emgwaqeni omdala ovulekile - lena yamathuna amanje e-Smolensk Lutheran eSt. Petersburg. Ubani ongcwatshwe lapha? Izibalo ezihlukahlukene zesikhathi esidlule semvelaphi yangaphandle: ososayensi, abalobi, izakhiwo, abadwebi, odokotela. Ilitshe elingavamile elinomkhonto wamatshe linguGaetano Ciniselli - umsunguli weksiksi e-Fontanka. Ake siqhubeke futhi sibone umngcwabo womndeni uShaubov - izakhiwo ezidume kakhulu eSt. Petersburg. Futhi emathuneni eSmolenskoye bangcwatshwa: U-Agafon Gustavovich Faberge (umfowethu omncane we-jeweler Carl Faberge), S.K. U-Greig no-A.K. U-Greig (izimemezelo) nezihlobo zabo eziseduze, uKarl May (umsunguli wezemidlalo ka-May), u-Nikolai Fedorovich Arendt (i-label-imithi kaNicholas I), i-Mauritius Wolf (umshicileli womagazini othi "Around the World") nabanye abantu abaningi abavelele.
Amathuna aseSmolensk Lutheran abonakala kanjani namuhla?
Izithombe ezithathiwe esikhathini sethu kule mathuna zibonisa ukuthi uzinakwa kakhulu. Insimu yamanje ye-necropolis ingamahektha angu-7 kuphela. Ngo-1985, ingxenye yensimu yesonto yathunyelwa ekwakhiweni kwesiteshi somlilo, bese kuthi phakathi neminyaka engama-90 ekhulwini lokugcina, eduze nomnyango (emathuneni omhlaba) kwakhiwa isiteshi segesi. Amathuna aseSmolensk Lutheran ahlupheka kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi nasezikhungweni ezimbi. I-Petersburg, nakuba ibhekwe njengenhloko yamasiko, kodwa mayelana nesibonakaliso esibalulekile nesakhiwo sezomnotho idolobha lalibonakala likhohlwa. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo - udumo nokuthandwa kwe-necropolis yasendulo kuletha ifilimu yezenkolo "Mfowethu", esinye isiqephu esivela kulesi sithombe sadutshulwa ngempela lapha - eSomolensk pogost. Efreyimini ungabona omunye "amakhebhu" angavamile futhi angawakhunjulwa - ukungena ku-crypt. Futhi kusukela ukukhululwa kwefilimu esikrinini, inani elikhulayo labavakashi lifuna ukuvakashela leli lamathuna futhi kuthathe izithombe, "njengama-movie."
Ungafinyelela kanjani "emangcwabeni" eJalimane amathuna?
Ukufinyelela okungenakuvinjelwa kwe-necropolis kunokwenzeka nsuku zonke, ehlobo kusukela ngo-9.00 kuya ku-19.00, nasebusika - kusukela ngo-9.00 kuya ku-17.00. Kodwa-ke, abanye ochwepheshe bale ndawo bathi ngokusebenzisa izimbobo ocingweni ungaya emathuneni futhi ubuyele nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku. Futhi ezindaweni le fence ayikho ngokuphelele. Amathuna aseSmolensk Lutheran eSt. Petersburg anekheli elilandelayo: ukuthungwa koMfula iSmolenka, okutholakala kuwo 27. Ngokuthutha umphakathi kulula ukuthola esiteshini sesitimela "Vasileostrovskaya" kumabhasi mini 249A no K186. Udinga ukuphuma esitokisini "Kamskaya Street".