Imiphakathi yomphakathi kanye namaqembu ezenhlalakahle esayensi

Ngisho namaGreki asendulo ayeyazi ukuthi umuntu uyilwane lezenhlalakahle. Ngaphandle komphakathi eMhlabeni, bekungeke kube nomuntu oyedwa, ngoba kuphela phakathi kwabanye abantu abanokuziphatha okufanayo, amasiko nemithetho yamasiko , umuntu uba ngumuntu. Imiphakathi yezenhlalakahle namaqembu ezenhlalakahle umuntu angena phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe bobabili uthisha kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi kukhona le mithetho yomphakathi. Kulesi sihloko, sichaza kafushane incazelo nenhlobo yemiphakathi namaqembu.

Umqondo womphakathi wezenhlalakahle kanye neqembu lezenhlalakahle ucwaningwa yi-psychology, i-sociology kanye nefilosofi yenhlalo. Ososayensi abazange babe nombono ovamile mayelana nencazelo ecacile yalezi zenzakalo zomphakathi, ngakho-ke kunezinkolelo eziningi phakathi komphakathi wesayensi. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ososayensi basaphikisana ngokuthi yisiphi isici esinqunyiwe. Umuntu unquma imisebenzi yakhe yomphakathi ngokuhlelwa kwamaqembu, noma ngabe imiphakathi yomphakathi kanye namaqembu ezenhlalakahle anquma ukuziphatha kwabantu. Emiphakathini yezenhlalakahle lezi zikole zabizwa ngokuthi yi- nominalism kanye neqiniso ngokulandelana.

Ngomqondo omncane wezwi, imiphakathi yezenhlalakahle namaqembu ezenhlalakahle kuqondwa njengenhlangano yabantu abanokuxhumana kwangaphakathi, okucacile okusebenza njengento ebumbene yokuphila komphakathi. Ngomqondo obanzi weli gama, le migomo iyaqondwa ukuthi isho iqembu labantu abanezici ezifanayo nezici.

Esimweni sokuqala, izinhlangano ezinjalo zihlanganyele ngokuzikhandla ekuphileni komphakathi. Imiphakathi yezenhlalakahle namaqembu ezenhlalakahle ziguqulwa njalo enkambisweni yokushintsha, ukuthuthukiswa noma ukuhlaselwa komphakathi. Inani labo likhula kancane kancane ngokuthuthukiswa kanye nokuyinkimbinkimbi komphakathi. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, imiphakathi yezenhlalakahle namaqembu ezenhlalakahle asebenza njengezinyathelo zomphakathi ezinye zezici zenguquko ebalulekile yomphakathi. Thatha, isibonelo, amaqembu nezinhlangano ezinjalo njenge-"Ukuthula Okumhlophe", inhlangano yama-feminist ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 noma ukunyakaza kwe-LGBT. U-Alain Turen ungumbhali owaziwayo wesayensi yezenhlalo waseFrance ohlola ukuhamba komphakathi .

Isazi sezenhlalakahle esaziwayo saseJalimane uFerdinand Tennis sahlukanisa ngemisebenzi yakhe izinhlobo ezinjalo zomphakathi kanye namaqembu njengeGemeinschaft (imiphakathi) kanye neGesellschaft (imiphakathi). Esimweni sokuqala, lo muntu ungathintana kahle nomphakathi wakhe wezenhlalakahle, uyaqeda kuwo. I-Tennis igcizelele ukuthi emiphakathini enjalo ukuthi ubambiswano luqala. Isibonelo esicacile semiphakathi enjalo ngumzana, iqembu elihlangene noma izizwe. Uma, ngenkathi uhamba emgwaqweni, ubone umngane futhi uphenduka amehlo akho noma ushintshana amagama ambalwa, bese uhlala emphakathini wakwaGesellschaft. Umphakathi onjalo uhlukile, umuntu womunye umuntu uyindlela, hhayi umgomo. "Isizungu esixukwini", izinga eliphezulu lokungaziwa lijwayele wonke umuntu ohlala kulo mphakathi.

Akunakusho ukuthi noma yiziphi izinhlobo ezingekho emvelo futhi ezingalungile ekukhona kwabantu. Uhlobo lokuqala luyinkimbinkimbi emiphakathini yendabuko neyama-archaic, kuyilapho lezi zingxenye zemiphakathi ezithuthukisiwe futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuhlanganise nenani elikhulu labantu, izintshisekelo zabo kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi.