Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Zhukovsky. Life kanye Works of Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo

Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky - umuntu lisebenza, waphumelela izinto eziningi. The main amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngokuphila Zhukovsky itholakala lokuthi yaba owaziwa imbongi, umhumushi enkantolo umeluleki ayakufanelekela. Wakwazi bona imibono yabo babenamasu ballads nezingoma, izinkondlo kanye izinguqulo. Kusukela ebuntwaneni kwaba ukunxanela okwakuvame ukubonakala kuwukuziphikisa ubuhle, okuyinto Vasily akazange anqikaze ukuletha ekuphileni. Ngenxa yalokhu, thina manje nethuba ufunde izinkondlo Zhukovsky.

Umsuka Zhukovsky

VA Zhukovsky wakhuliswa hhayi uyise omzalayo, ngoba kusukela indodana wenqaba. Kwenzeka ngoba Basil wazalwa ngaphandle komshado ngo-Athanasius Ivanovich Bunin (ukhokho imbongi Russian futhi umbhali Ivan Bunin) nowesifazane Turkish eyisithunjwa Salhi. Wakhuliswa eRussia emva ekuvimbezeleni Turkish enqabeni Bendery. Salha wabhapathizwa futhi banikezwe igama Elizabeth Orthodox. Watsatsa fancy ukuba umninindlu. Kusukela ngoFebhuwari ngowe-9 (okusha Style) 1783 uvele Basil, kodwa lo mfana waqanjwa zomninindawo Zhukovsky, owahlala e-isihe Bunin. Bunin wakhuliswa indodana nezingane kwakhe okumiswe ngokufanele. Mangisho ukuthi A. I. Bunin waqiniseka ukuthi indodana yakhe ithole knighthood, futhi kusukela ebuntwaneni uye waloba inkonzo yakhe kwezempi, Nokho, kuyinto ngamanga. Ngakho, ngo-sengineminyaka eyisithupha umfana waba uLieutenant futhi kubhekwe umnumzana. Kodwa ngentando Afanasiy Bunin ndodana engumlanjwana akukhulunywa, kusale ifa izingane esemthethweni.

I ubuntu ezithakazelisayo imbongi?

V. A. Zhukovskogo kwaba ngempela sibalo olubalulekile emlandweni zezinkondlo Russian. Eshukunyiswa imibono izimbongi Western nabalobi Vasily ukudala imisebenzi yabo, egcwele ukholo ikusasa eliqhakazile kubantu, ngoba bangaba i ukukhanyiselwa nezizimele. Emavesini wasebenzisa imifanekiso romantic lapho ngisho ububonisa ngokucace kakhudlwana umbono uzibuse, umzabalazo izimiso eziphakeme ubuhle, ubuhle, futhi i-oda.

Ngakho-ke uvele amavesi okuqala ka Zhukovsky - "yasemaphandleni Amathuna", "Umculi eminqubeni amasosha Russian", "uMbusi u-Alexander." Ngamunye wabo - ucingo for ukuthula, ukuvumelana isikhalazo nemvelo, ukuthula nokuzola. Zhukovsky uthanda ukucabanga ubuhle futhi liphefumulelwe ke, sizama ukujabulela uhlobo kanye umfundi. Ngakho-ke, ngaso sonke isikhathi abanesifiso ohlangothini engaphakathi yokuphila komuntu. He kude kusuka kwezepolotiki, ngezimpi umzabalazo nomphakathi. It is ukuze sikwazi uyibona 'izinkondlo, "izinkondlo," Ukuze Batyushkov "," Slav "nabanye.

Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi Zhukovsky umsunguli we imigqa "ubuhle okumsulwa". Ngemva Pushkin kwabo okuphindaphindiwe.

Zhukovsky Isici

Kokuba libhaliswe Noble Boarding School, wayengumuntu umphakathi tetemibhalo, kwaba engusihlalo walo. Umsebenzi emphakathini elalihlelwe wonke amaqembu babeqondiswa sisekelo. Ngakho, umuntu imbongi kanye yikhono umuntu azalwa nalo ukuqhuba yimbangela ejwayelekile, okubonisa amakhono abo. Mhlawumbe lezi zimfanelo ukuthi Zhukovsky (imbongi) waba nguthisha ka-Alexander II.

emithonjeni eminingi zithi Vasily wayenguthisha okuhle, hhayi nje, kodwa futhi kumeluleki esigodlweni. Izikhathi eziningi wayekhala bophulwe izimbongi abadingisiwe, ikakhulukazi A. S. Pushkina, okungase kuthinte umbono kombusi zamanje, ukukwehlisela isigwebo, T. E. Zhukovskomu esivela isipho sokuqinisa izibopho.

Ngoba umphefumulo romantic imbongi luhlata uncharacteristic. Kunalokho, kusukela ebuntwaneni ayevelele uzwela, wayengumuntu olubucayi futhi ebucayi. Kwadingeka inhlangano esihle esingokomoya, futhi zonke isipiliyoni ilimele kakhulu kuye. Tinkondlo izinguqulo ziye zasiza ukuveza imizwa futhi ubuhlungu obuzwiwa imbongi kanye nezinhlelo zokufunda babephefumulelwe epithets sobala futhi okuthe juqu, imishwana amahle ukuthi savusa isifiso sokuphila. Zhukovsky imbongi umsebenzi wakhe wokudala eyafezwa.

indima Zhukovsky sika esigodlweni

Bambalwa izimbongi futhi abalobi kungaba ukuziqhayisa elikhulu enkantolo. Ngokuvamile izimbongi abathandanga amazwi big evesini ayedingiselwe khona noma abulawe, kodwa Zhukovsky ephethwe ukuphula inhliziyo yasebukhosini, futhi izikhathi eziningi ehlenga izimbongi abadingisiwe, wasiza A. S. Pushkinu, serf imbongi Shevchenko. Siyabonga kuye, lo Decembrists zithunyelwe lesikafula, futhi badingiselwa eSiberia. Ukuze uthole umphumela olunjalo ludinga ngekhono nangamazwi Zhukovsky, akungabazeki ukuthi kwaba. Kungenjalo, ukuphila Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo ngeke yehle emlandweni. Amaqiniso abonisa ngombono ongathí sina kangakanani ukuthatha umbono abamele bobukhosi lwamakhosi imbongi.

Zhukovsky neminyaka yokuphila abangu benamandla umqondo wemfundo, owawuthi, bese uba alinganayo Nowesinye isizwe, futhi Russian. Kodwa isiRashiya, ukuqiniseka ngokujulile imbongi, inenzuzo enkulu kuya lawobaba, kunalokho umuntu ongamazi. Lesi sakamuva uyokwenza kuzo ubugovu, kunokuba ngenxa yokuthanda kwabo Russia, alo umuntu ofanayo bayofuna ukusiza Motherland kuze kube sekupheleni. Kulapho lapho kukhona khona amandla we lawobaba, lapho indima juqu kudlalwa yinqubomgomo yenkosi.

ukuphila komuntu imbongi

Basil Afanasievich kwaba muntu labesifazane. First Love ukuthi wayebhekane eneminyaka engu-22 endlini zikadadewabo ngubaba wakhe, Ekateriny Protasovoy. Indodakazi yakhe Masha Ngaleso sikhathi ngangineminyaka engu-12 ubudala, yena wayengumfundi wesazi Zhukovsky. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-7 Basil woo lo Protassova Masha. Kodwa wathola ukwehluleka kanzima njengoba umama Catherine umangalele ukuthi uMariya - Umshana Basil.

ukuphila Siqu Zhukovsky waqala eneminyaka engu-58 ubudala lapho eya eJalimane futhi waganwa indodakazi ka umngane wakhe, umculi Reitern-April 21, 1841 Imbongi abazinikezele inkondlo yakhe "Elizabeth Reitern", eyakhishwa ngo-1840 ephephabhukwini "iGazethi Musical futhi waseshashalazini ". Elizabeth kwaba ngaleso sikhathi engu-19 ubudala. Kusukela umshado indodana uPawulu indodakazi Alexandra. Eminyakeni embalwa Zhukovsky achanyuselwa umbono yokubuyela ezweni lakubo, kodwa ingabi ukugula yomkakhe.

Bobabili baye wahlala iminyaka engu-15.

Ngo-April 1852 edolobheni laseJalimane Baden-Baden, ukuphila imbongi sika yelashwa masinyane.

Ngo-1856, u-Elizabeth washona Zhukovskaya.

Zhukovsky e izinkumbulo

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Zhukovsky ukunikeza Umlando ababephila ngesikhathi. Ngakho-ke izimfanelo Umlando wabo edidayo. Ezinye sikubheka njengempahla ubuntu bethule Ayindida, abanye baphikisa ngokuthi Zhukovsky - umphefumulo lenkampani. Kunzima ukuba yahlulele, ngakho-ke, sithembele izingcaphuno.

Ngo Umlando wakhe, ikhamera ikhasi Maria Feodorovna Zhukovsky "ngaziphatha buthule", akalokothi atjho nelilodwa ilizwi elitlolwe ngesiRashiya. Kodwa abaningi bathandile izingxoxo ucabangisisa izindikimba abstract eziletha izinkondlo egcwele izithombe romantic, njengokuthi "Umbiko enemininingwane enyangeni." Kuyinto akukho ngozi Umlando eziningi zibonisa umfanekiso Zhukovsky wawunqamula izinkondlo. Kuzo esevele "umlumbi", "Umxoxi", "umculi we amasosha Russian", "yobuKristu." Yileso igama imbongi abangane, izihlobo nabantu bazi okuncane.

Ngisho ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ukuxhumana naye abantu wabona Vasilii Andreeviche ngokuyinhloko imbongi. Kafushane mayelana Zhukovsky wathi AD Bludova: "Ingxoxo naye esiphakeme efanayo ... egqoke ukuhlukanisa cishe ezingaqondakali lubonakale nezithombe zakhe romantic." Nokho, kwabanye abantu, sifunda nezakhi ezihlukene kakhulu. Esikhathini Umlando labangani asondelene F. F. Vigelya, A. S. Pushkina, P. A. Vyazemskogo nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi Zhukovsky sehluke. It lisinikeza umfanekiso joker, joker, "umqambimanga ezihlekisayo brilliant."

Ngakho, iqhawe lethu ihlanganisa ukubukeka ezimbili ezingafani. Yena ezihlukahlukene kuzibonakalisa zokuphila kwansuku zonke futhi umsebenzi, kodwa yilokho ikuvumela ukudala portrait oyiqiniso kunazo. Ngombono Ongathí Sina kuyinto eseduze ukubayisigebengu, amahlaya - ukushaya ukuze baziphilise obunobunye futhi zilungile.

omunye umbono

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo nokuphila Zhukovsky avele lapho sifunda Umlando AO Smirnova-Rosset, efundile etemibhalo owesifazane onekhono. Yena ugxila amehlo wakhe phezu Zhukovsky kwansuku, ngakho incazelo yayo imbongi livele libe nencazelo ehlukile wonke. Vasily babe namasu, uthando kancane, ongenacala, uhlobo, ezihlekisayo, abaqotho, amahlaya ingane okunothando amahlaya.

Esikhathini nokucwala etemibhalo akuzona ngaphandle V A. Zhukovskogo, ngoba bebona kuye siqiniseka kwezifiso zakhe siqu ngendoda kuyinto Innovator ku ubuciko obulotshiwe. Duzane imisebenzi yakhe njalo okhela eshubile, okusho ukuthi asasebenza phakathi abafundi futhi izitha bethukuthele. Kodwa Zhukovsky kwakubonakala ongangeneki ingxoxo emnandi futhi mpikiswano. Wayelethwa ukuwabukela kuthabathela ecaleni, ethule. Ngalezo zikhathi, amazwi umbhali yena zathola isiphephelo izinkondlo, "okuyinto ozimele abahluleli iDemo ababona ngokucacile futhi lokucuketfwe ngekwako."

Ngo Umlando wakhe, abaseduze umngane A. S. Pushkina Zhukovsky uya umngane onokwethenjelwa, ethembekile, nesineke futhi ulalelwe: ". Umzabalazo nezinkinga nomsubathi kwelivamile"

isimo esiveza lokhu

Amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo nokuphila Zhukovsky bamchaza njengomuntu onesandla esivulekile, nomusa. Umlando Abaningi ukugubha isizotha sakhe, kodwa uqonde kangcono umfanekiso waso kusiza umuntu icala. Ngo-1840, Zhukovsky abangane wakhetha ukunika kuye kwasemini, lapho wafuna ukuza Uprofesa abadala. Imbongi wayenqabile ukubonana naye ohlwini guest, ngoba wayefunda izinkondlo zakhe laudatory kanye iziphetho Vasily yena. Qedela nandaba nodumo ayedunyiswa nombhali ephawula njengoba ongokomoya, ungubani zamanje.

Life kanye umsebenzi Zhukovsky wabonisa kanjani ukuthi wakubona ukuba ube nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi, kodwa ngaphambi kokuphela kwezinsuku zakhe wasigcwalisa kwezifiso zakhe. Wayengekhona ojezisanayo, ngakho ethulwa A. S. Pushkinu portrait ngamazwi athi "umfundi winner yathishela isiphukuphuku".

Ngolunye usuku nesithwathwa Zhukovsky wabona isinxibi ohlangothini komgwaqo ngezinyawo yiqhwa zaqina. Unika kuye ruble 110 (isamba esikhulu ngalezo zinsuku; ukuqhathanisa, dinner okuhle yokudlela abiza 10c). Ngosuku olulandelayo, lo Kunjengokungathi ka Zhukovsky imiyalelo esibhedlela belashwe.

Yikuphi safinyelela imbongi?

• Nguye bahlakulele Romanticism isiRashiya, nomthelela ukuvela yayo amakghonwabo. Ukuhumusha imisebenzi European, imbongi laphefumulelwa imibono Western futhi wazama ngibalethe ukuphila kwabantu isiRashiya, kodwa wakwenza kutebuncusa, ukugwema imisho nokhahlo ekuvukeleni uMbuso, futhi lokhu wathola uthando yezikhulu yasebukhosini. Ngemva kwalokho imibono romantic ezakhiwa kule imisebenzi kanye nezinye izimbongi Russian. Ikakhulukazi, A. S. Pushkin yayisekelwe umsebenzi Zhukovsky, udumisa futhi bedumisa ithalente lakhe.
• Ngenxa ngosizo Zhukovsky njengoba ngungqondongqondo, thina bayawazi imisebenzi eminingi A. S. Pushkina, ikakhulukazi le nkondlo "Ruslan futhi ULyudmila". Alexander - genius kwezincwadi kwekhulu le-19 - bengakwazi ukubhala ngaphezulu ngaphandle kokufunda amavesi Okunye Zhukovsky, futhi kuphela ngemva kokuba ukuhlolwa baqhubeka ukudala.
• Njengoba komfundisi of uMbusi u-Alexander II, Zhukovsky bamfundisa ukucabanga omkhulu, sithembele imicabango baseNtshonalanga, ukutshala banothando oluncane intando yenkosi kanye nokuqwashisa. Nge lesi sinqumo, u-Alexander II, serfdom saqedwa ngo-1861.
• Ukudala Vasily obonwa izizukulwane eziningi abafundi futhi uhlala ethandwa kuze kube yilolu suku. Imemori ngakho ukhunjulwa.

Zhukovsky LweziNcwadi

Zhukovsky neminyaka yokuphila ashiye uphawu lwawo. Inzala lidlule izinkondlo eziningi, izinguqulo, izihloko etemibhalo asikhanyisela ngemithwalo izenzakalo zesikhathi esidlule, okuwumqulu zomlando, ezinyatheliswa namuhla, okusho lokusungula Vasily zisithakazelise.

Zhukovsky - nombhali 6 elegies: ". Umculi eminqubeni amasosha Russian" "yasemaphandleni Amathuna", "Slav", "ulwandle", "kusihlwa", "On the ukufa ...",

Wabhala ingoma "Ring Ntombazane umphefumulo" nelithi "Turgenev, ephendula incwadi yakhe," ingoma, idylls futhi izinkondlo. Wabhala Russian ingoma yokuqala kazwelonke "Umthandazo Russian."

Kusukela ngepeni bakhe beza inganekwane "Sleeping Princess", "The Tale of Tsar Berende", "The Tale of Ivan Tsarevich kanye Gray Wolf," "Puss e Boots."

Umbhali 12 ballads - "USvetlana", "Inkosi Yehlathi", "Knight Togenburg" nabanye. ngomsebenzi wakhe temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba - noveli "Marina Grove". Ukubhala izihloko, izinkondlo, amavesi, izinkondlo. Goethe benza Ukudluliselwa yokuzithandela, Schiller, Byron, Scott.

Zhukovsky kwaba draftsman ezinhle futhi ushiye imidwebo eminingi ethakazelisayo ipensela.

Umlando Omfushane imbongi

02.09.1783 - ukuzalwa Vasiliya Zhukovskogo.

1789 - ukuthola ukuthinta izicukuthwane kuphela.

1797-1801 GG. - ukuqeqeshwa ngihlala esikoleni, elalisendlini amandla ngesikhathi eMoscow University.

1802 - aseqala njengoba imbongi kanye umhumushi. Esikhathini "Journal of Europe" eyanyatheliswa inkondlo "yasemaphandleni Amathuna" - translation khulula yemisebenzi imbongi IsiZulu uGray. Impilo okudala Zhukovsky kwaqhubeka waze ngomzuzu wokugcina.

Of 1808-1809. - umhleli we- "nesithunywa Europe".

1812 - Vasily Zhukovsky kwesokunxele nezidlamlilo. Akabanga ukuthi ngaphandle kobukhona phansi abakwazi ukubhala izinkondlo, bahlabelele ngokujabula imizwa yokushisekela izwe. Udinga ukuzwa imizwa yabantu. Kungenjalo, emavesini ningakholwa.

1815 - ababemenyelwe inkonzo enkantolo. Ngaphezu eminye imisebenzi, wakhonza njengephayona umlandzi ka iNdlovukazi Maria Feodorovna.

1817 - ayemiselwe ukufundisa isiRashiya inkosazana Charlotte.

1825 - wamisa umfundisi we-Alexander II.

1841 - Zhukovsky yokwesula ibhodi ukuphila in ruble 4000 ngonyaka. Umshado imbongi. Ukuhambisa eJalimane.

24.04.1852 edolobheni - kokufa imbongi. Tomb V A. Zhukovskogo elise Petersburg, emathuneni ka-Alexander saseNevsky Lavra. Itholakala eduze ethuneni N. M. Karamzina - thishela imbongi.