Amandla Nuclear: Umlando kanye yesimanjemanje

Kusukela ngo-1970, izwe Treaty kwi-Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Izikhali (kwesivumelwano se-NPT) elimelela amandla enuzi kanye ulawula kwenkululeko umthwalo wabo wemfanelo mayelana izikhali zayo ezikhona. Ngokusho isivumelwano, isimo yenuzi-isikhali uthi Uthole US, Britain, iFrance, i-China ne-USSR (manje Russian Federation, njengoba owalandela). Kuyinto kula mazwe test ukuqhuma Kwakuseshwa kuze 1967, ngakho ngokusemthethweni engena "anezikhali zenuzi."

Treaty kwesivumelwano se-NPT obopha amandla enuzi hhayi ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo abadluleli izikhali zabo noma ubuchwepheshe yayo ukukhiqizwa emazweni lapho kungenziwanga, ukukhuthaza noma lula nekhiqiza izikhali ezinjalo kuzo.

Ungaba nakho futhi basizane, kodwa ukusetshenziswa obunokuthula amandla iziqhumane zasemkhathini.

Inkontileka uthi uma ukuhlasela ngezikhali zenuzi uzobe ezatholwa izwe, okuyinto akanayo izikhali ezinjalo, ngeke ume ukuzivikela yayo kwamandla zenuzi zwe, ngokombusi Charter UN.

ISivumelwano kwesivumelwano se-NPT abathintekayo emazweni angaphezu kuka-170, futhi usebenza unomphela.

Eqinisweni, izikhali zenuzi namuhla yakhelwe futhi lwahlolwa ngisho Pakistan, Iran, India, iNingizimu Afrika kanye North Korea, kodwa ngokomthetho, kula mazwe abafakiwe inani zenuzi.

Pakistan neNdiya cishe kanyekanye olwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwabo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1998.

Ekuqaleni, North Korea asayina lesi sivumelwano kwesivumelwano se-NPT, kodwa ngo-2003 uzwakalise ngokwayo khulula kusukela izibopho yalesi sivumelwano. Ngo-2006, e-North Korea wenza isivivinyo ukuqhuma lwayo lokuqala ensimini akuyo.

Emazweni ukuthi babe sikhona yini isikhali senuzi, abaningi isibaluli Israyeli. Kodwa iziphathimandla yezwe akukaze waqinisekisa noma kunqatshelwe ukuthi benze ucwaningo nentuthuko enjalo nokuhlolwa.

Ngo-2006, amandla enuzi, kulekelelwa umhlanganyeli. UMongameli Iran umemezele ngokusemthethweni ukuthi ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa iyakhiwa ngokugcwele endaweni yokucwaninga uphethiloli zenuzi.

Ensimini ka-republic ezintathu elaliyiSoviet (Ukraine, Kazakhstan kanye Belarus) naye waba ejikijelwayo sezikhali, okuyinto sesibe ubunikazi yabo emva nokwahlukana yezwe. Kodwa ngo-1992 baba wasayina Lisbon Protocol umkhawulo nokwehlisa izikhali zamasu kanye empeleni ukuqeda izikhali ezinjalo. Kazakhstan, Belarus ne-Ukraine baye bahlanganyela kwesivumelwano se-NPT oyilungu futhi manje kubhekwe ngokusemthethweni ukuba amandla non-izikhali zenuzi.

ERepublic of South Africa Futhi liye wadala zenuzi futhi baqhuba ukuhlolwa yayo e-Indian Ocean ngo-1979. Nokho, ngokushesha ngemva lolu hlelo ukuthuthukiswa isivaliwe, futhi kusukela ngo-1991 iNingizimu Afrika iye ngokusemthethweni wajoyina kwesivumelwano se-NPT Treaty.

Manje emhlabeni kukhona iqembu ahlukene lamazwe, okuyinto kwakuthiwa unekhono ukusingatha sikhona yini isikhali senuzi, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu bezempi nabezombusazwe enye ukuphangwa, kubhekwa okungalungile. Ochwepheshe ubheke States ezinjalo, abanye emazweni eNingizimu Melika (Brazil, Argentina), South Korea, Egypt, Libya nabanye.

Okubizwa ngokuthi "esicashile" amandla enuzi ungakwazi, uma kunesidingo, ukushintshela ukukhiqizwa yayo ekukhiqizeni izikhali angabacwasi ngokushesha, usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe ezimbili-ukusetshenziswa.

Eminyakeni yamuva, umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba uthi ukuncipha yezikhali zazo, kuyilapho okwenza kube zanamuhla. Kodwa amaqiniso awukuthi we 19.000 etholakala emhlabeni namuhla kwezikhali zenuzi, 4400 njalo esimweni Kuqashwe.

Nciphisa voooruzheniya arsenal ngokuyinhloko ngenxa zokunciphisa amasheya ukulwa Russia nase-US, kanye ngenxa bhala-off yezikhali ezicitshwayo akusebenzi. Noma kunjalo, namazwe olusemthethweni zenuzi, nasePakistan ukuqhubeka ukumemezela ukuthunyelwa izinhlelo ezintsha ukuthuthukiswa izikhali. It kuvela ukuthi, eqinisweni, hhayi ngamazwi, azikho amazwe azilungile ukulishiya ngokuphelele arsenal enuzi.