Amandla kagesi nezinhlobo zawo

Igama elithi "amandla" livela olimini lwesiGreki futhi lisho "isenzo", "umsebenzi". Lo mbono waqala ukukhulunywa yi-English physicist T. Jung ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Nge "amandla" kusho ukuthi ikhono lomzimba onalo mhlaba ukwenza umsebenzi. Umzimba uyakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi owengeziwe, amandla angaphezulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlobo zayo: amandla angaphakathi, kagesi, enyukliya namagesi. Lezi zinsuku zivame kakhulu ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke. Kusukela isikhathi eside umuntu ufunde ukuzivumelanisa nezidingo zakhe, ukuguqula umsebenzi owenziwe ngomshini ngosizo lwezinto ezihlukahlukene zokuzivumelanisa neziklamo. Singaphinde sishintshe izinhlobo ezithile zamandla kwabanye.

Ngaphakathi kohlaka lwe-mechanics (enye yezingxenye ze-physics), amandla kagesi ayingqikithi engokomzimba eveza ikhono lomzimba (umzimba) ukwenza umsebenzi wokusebenza. Ngenxa yalokho, isibonakaliso sokuba khona kwalolu hlobo lwamandla kuba khona kwejubane elithile lokunyakaza komzimba, okuyinto, elikwazi, lingenza umsebenzi.

Izinhlobo zamandla kagesi: i-kinetic neyengaba khona. Esimweni ngasinye, amandla e-kinetic yi-scalar eningi ehlanganiswa nenani lamandla e-kinetic azo zonke izinto ezibonakalayo ezakha uhlelo oluthile. Nakuba amandla angamandla omzimba owodwa (isimiso semigwamanda) incike esimweni sokubambisana saso (izingxenye zawo) ngaphakathi kohlaka lwensiza yangaphandle. Isibonakaliso sokushintsha kwamandla angaba umsebenzi ophelele.

Umzimba une-kinetic energy uma kuhamba (kungenjalo kungabizwa ngokuthi amandla okunyakaza), futhi kungenzeka - uma kuphakanyiswa ngenhla komhlaba ukuphakama okunye (lokhu kungamandla okusebenzisana). Ukulinganisa amandla omshini (kanye nezinye izinhlobo) eJoules (J).

Ukuze uthole amandla umzimba onawo, umuntu kufanele athole umsebenzi odingekayo ukudlulisela lo mzimba esimweni samanje kusuka esimweni se-zero (lapho amandla omzimba elinganiswa naso). Ngezansi amafomula ngokusho ukuthi yimaphi ama mechanical kanye nezinhlobo zawo ongaziwa:

- kinetic - Ek = mV 2/2;

- okungenzeka - Ep = mgh.

Ngamafomu: m isisindo somzimba, V is ijubane lokunyakaza kwayo , g ukusheshisa kokuwa, h ukuphakama lapho umzimba ukhuliswe ngaphezu komhlaba.

Ukutholakala kwesimiso semithambo yamandla kagesi esiphezulu kuhlanganisa ekudaluleni isamba sezingxenye zayo ezinamandla nezengqondo.

Izibonelo zendlela amandla kagesi angasetshenziswa ngayo yilawo mathuluzi asungulwa ezikhathini zasendulo (ummese, umkhonto, njll), namawashi anamuhla, izindiza nezinye izindlela. Njengoba imithombo yalolu hlobo lwamandla nomsebenzi owenzayo, amandla emvelo angenza (umoya, amachibi olwandle , imifula yamifula) nemizamo yomzimba yabantu noma izilwane.

Namuhla, ukuvame ukusebenza kwezinsimbi (isibonelo, amandla e-shaft ejikelezayo) kuncike ekuguqulweni okulandelayo ekukhiqizeni amandla kagesi, okwenziwa ngawo ama generator wamanje. Amadivaysi amaningi (amajini) asethuthukile akwazi ukwenza ukuguqulwa okuqhubekayo kube amandla okwenziwa kwamandla okusebenza okuphakathi.

Kunomthetho ongokomzimba wokulondolozwa kwawo, ngokusho okuyikho ohlelweni lwesigungu esivaliwe, lapho kungekho khona isenzo samandla okuxubana nokuhlaselwa, okuqhubekayo kungumumo wamabili amafomu awo (Ek and Ep) kuwo wonke amabandla ayo. Uhlelo olunjalo lungcono, kodwa empeleni izimo ezinjalo azikwazi ukufezwa.