Aleksandr Dyuma fils: Biography, empilweni kanye nomsebenzi

Aleksandr Dyuma Fils zaziphila impilo eside zokudala futhi ecebile, neyayisizinda yomsebenzi etemibhalo zothando eziyaluzelayo. Nathi ukuthi umkhiqizo "Lady camellias" ezaziwayo. Isikhova i-great Dzhuzeppe Verdi eqamba opera "La Traviata", esekelwe inoveli, owabhala Dumas Fils. Uye waholela ukuxabana phakathi umqambi futhi umbhali, njengoba umculi akazange uhlupho ukucela imvume yokusebenzisa inoveli njengendlela Libretto.

uyise engenangqondo

Amabili nambili engenangqondo Alexander Dumas nobaba bakhonza eHhovisi uMbusi Orleans, ngoba yona yaba wesandla emangalisayo. Yena iboshelwe kafushane ngokuphila kwakhe siqu wezingubo uKatrina Labe,, behlanzekile nokunokuthula. Lapho into abampofu ekuseni kwaba ezinodaka, kuba kwehle kahle Alexander abasha, njengoba ayengahlo- alungele umshado noma ingane. impahla ngokweqile futhi ukunakekela izidingo ezingokwenyama-ke kwakute sidzingo. Julayi 28, 1824, uCatherine wabeletha umfana, owayebizwa christened behlonipha uyise - Alexander. Kuyinto ngesisa olukhulu nothando ingeyamakhosi ingane. Kodwa ubaba ngalesi sikhathi kwaba beyofuna ugqozi zomculo ezintsha. Mayelana indodana yakhe, yamkhumbula iminyaka eyisikhombisa kuphela kamuva, uboshwe kuye, yokutholwa wathumela iminyaka engamakhulu ayisishiyagalolunye e esikoleni ofunda uhlala kuso imfundo. Katrina Labe ukuba imali ukuze uphile, baba aqukethe Room encane.

Ukukhulela

Umfana wayehlushwa yayiyini ndodana engumlanjwana isikhathi eside kangaka. Lapho esekhulile, wayesemshadweni insizwa ke, eyindoda umbono, ukuqonda okukuyo kungasho lutho imvelo uyise nabanomusa. Dumas waqala ukuqonda nobaba njengoba umngane omkhulu, umlobi omkhulu futhi abe nguyise ezimbi. Ukuthukwa sekudlule, futhi ubuhlobo phakathi kwabo kuyothuthuka. Charming, nabanomusa, uyephana, lapho kwadingeka imali - lokhu Wayengubani u-Alexander Dumas ubaba nendodana hhayi njengoba eminyakeni omdala ohlakaniphile wamthanda ingane ngesiwula, indoda ondlu wayevamile isamba iwubuphukuphuku eyikhulu franc. Babethandana nomunye, kodwa, ngeshwa, yayingavunyelwe ukuhlala ndawonye kaningi baxabana. Kuyoba eziyohlala phakade. Le nsizwa wanquma ukuthi babeyonikwa. Wayenezingane ithalente tetemibhalo, kodwa wayezimisele ukubhala ngendlela ehlukile.

ukubukeka

Kwaba emuhle abade nge emahlombe ezibanzi ukubukeka Ungadliwa. Indlela oma ekhashelwa nemvelo yakhe uyaziqhenya. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili, wayegcwele ubungqabavu kanye nezempilo, ukukhanya esinsundu ezisontekile ubuso bakhe evulekile izici njalo ezikhangayo. umthungi Akhawunti for imfashini indwangu elingenamikhono, ne tie ezimhlophe futhi ivesti kusukela isiqongo, yaletha esuka eNgilandi, babe engakhokhiwe, kodwa akazihluphi kuye. Dumas igcinwe ngokuzidla, nokucija kanye ewa, kodwa ukuba 'olungaphambili lwesonto "enjalo ukufihla uhlobo olubucayi kwalokho awuthola kunina.

Alphonsine Plessis

Ekwindla ka-1844, ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini, wabona embhedeni wabo bonke wayeziqaphela courtesan enhle. Lokhu umbono waphezulu sasifana Umfanekiso zobumba: ubude, curls amnyama kanye ubuso obumhlophe-no-pink, cherry izindebe abomvu ukuthi ukucasha amazinyo ephelele, amehlo, sengathi eyenziwe koqweqwe lwawo abamnyama, okhalweni emincane. Lokhu ukuphelela umphelelisi ingubo emhlophe enkulu satin, kwedayimane negolide. In Paris, amadoda brilliant kunazo wafundisa kwakhe okuhle nangendlela enhle ikhono nokuxoxa nabo. Wabiza yena Marie uDuplessis wesifazane nenhle kunazo yenhloko-dolobha. Umuzi wakhe waba inqaba camellias, ayinaphunga, okuyinto sekugcwele nabalandeli bakhe. Kungani isancinza ocebile wakhetha abangane bakhe abaseduze bangabantu umfana isinxibi? Wasidalula wacosha isihluthulelo umphefumulo wentombi ukuhlupheka, futhi wasivula. Yena wamduduza, lapho Ngabona izinyembezi ezishaya unkulunkulukazi u-fun. Wayebahlonipha wakhe njengomuntu wesifazane, futhi kuye ukuthi ushiye abalandeli ocebile. Kodwa ubumpofu yayo futhi salo sengqondo sokungafuni flippant ukuba imali kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise sokuvalelisa unyaka wonke.

ukufa Marie

Alexander waqhubeka nohambo olude kanye wayengazi ukuthi impilo othandekayo wakhe ngokushesha eziwohlokayo. Wayeneminyaka engu-amabili nantathu kuphela, futhi yayifa isifo sofuba. Yayidayisa wonke amatshe ayigugu ziphathwe, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Februwari 3, 1847 Marie washona. Dumas sezwa ngalokho lapho ebuyela Marseille wase-Algeria. Walifunda zonke izinhlamvu Marie ne ngothando olujulile ibashiye inhliziyo yakhe futhi wabhala inoveli "La Dame aux Camelias." Dumas wenza Heroine noveli owesifazane bawa Margaritu gote, kodwa imizamo protagonist ukuyivula kuze kube izimfanelo kayise uvakashele lover wakhe, lo renunciation ngakho, ukuze zichithe ikusasa eliqhakazile ngensizwa ukuthengisa ubucwebe, amahhashi, futhi zonke lezi ezinye izinto eziphambili wesifazane owayephendukile, u-Alexander yasungulwa.

A inoveli ethinta inhliziyo romantic waba impumelelo ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi abesifazane. Labo abamaziyo Marie, ekugcineni ngaqaphela ukuthi ukuthengisa ngokwakho imali, abampofu wahlupheka bangaphezi ngoba imizwa ngobuqotho, okungenye akuzona sincike imali.

Umbhali zeminyaka 4 wacelwa ukuba abhale umdlalo esekelwe inoveli, okwathi kamuva laba eside. Isenzo ku sigaba saqala ngePhentekoste 18 ntambama futhi waphela sekwephuzile kuphela ebusuku, ngo-3 ezimpondweni. Ngemva kwesizini abalandeli oshisekayo limbozwa kumbhali sezimbali izimbali, abesifazane babememeza futhi ukwangana kuye.

Ngakho 1852 Aleksandr Dyuma, Jr., kwaduma kakhulu eFrance. Manje igama lakhe kuwo wonke aziwayo. Uyena ngenhlonipho enkulu kakhulu abesifazane, futhi angizange ngibufihlele kubo ukuthi asifuni ukuba zikhanyise ubuhlobo ukuthi banjalo engabophi, futhi uhlose ukwakha umkhaya wangempela friendly futhi eqinile.

Lady nge amapharele

Dumas wathola zonke fun ladies we demimonde. Emphakathini okusezingeni eliphezulu izintokazi ayeziphatha ngokuqinile nomlobi. Dumas Fils, ukuphila kwakhe siqu ayengasoze angene esingathí sina, ithrekhi onomqondo eminyakeni angu-25 bahlangana intokazi Russian kusukela Petersburg, owawusedolobheni Paris, mahhala kusuka ecasulayo womshado isikhathi. Kwakuwusuku Countess uLidiya Nesselrode.

nomamezala elinezinkathazo wakhe, hhayi ukuthi lingabuyela pin ikhanda indodakazi yakhe. Wachitha ubumnandi kanye nezindlu zangasese okunethezeka imali esingenakulinganiswa, bese wayefuna ukuba charm umbhali imfashini. Ngokwemvelo, akakwazanga ukumelana futhi bethatheka. ULidiya walithanda amapharele, futhi egqoka it izinwele zinwele ezimnyama entanyeni obucayi, izibambo phezu lovely futhi wayethandwa isidlaliso 'inkosazane ne amapharele. " Lobu buhlobo bekulokhu ekhulunywe nokuhleba.

ngokushesha uLidiya ngokuthi eRussia. Dumas wamlandela wakhe. Kodwa wabuyela ngenxa yokuntuleka imali, kodwa uLidiya akabamukisanga izinhlamvu hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi amanothi. Wavele wakhohlwa ngakho. Ngo 1852, ezwa kusukela kwenye ubuhle Russian - Princess Hope Naryshkina, okuyinto wayemiselwe ukuba athathe ukuphila kwakhe endaweni enkulu. Okwamanje, wabhala inoveli lapho kwabasiza ne uLidiya okungalungile, walibiza "Lona wesifazane nge amapharele."

Escape Paris

Hope wayeshadile abasha kakhulu kokwesikhulu ubudala. Kusukela yakhe engu-26, yena wabalekela Paris futhi ungakhohlwa ukuletha kanye nezinto zokuhloba, futhi indodakazi, echaza ukuthi isimo sezulu Russian kuyinto embi empilweni yakhe. Ubethula wathwalwa yizingelosi umlobi wabuza Prince ukuyinika isehlukaniso, kodwa ngumyeni wakhe wenqaba. Lokhu okwamsekela umbusi. Iminyaka eyisithupha bobathathu babehlala villa, okuyinto wathenga Naryshkin.

Phakathi nale nkathi, umbhali ngokuvamile baphikisana uyise, sisole ukuthi abafundisekile kahle kuye. Mayelana nalesi sihloko, wabhala: "Le Bastard" play, "UBaba Yolahleko", futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo wabona uyise engcono umngane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, it ayiqondakali kahle inkosazana yakho ngamehlo aqua ezahlukene babe- izimo ukuthi inakekelwe kubo. Kwakungumsebenzi indodakazi, Maria Alexandrina ngo-1860. Ngo-1864, lapho Naryshkin ushone, bashada, futhi bathola enye indodakazi Jeannine e 1867. Ngemva kwalokho, ubunjalo Nadezhda Ivanovna yayingasekho nhlobo indlela yokubaleka ukuba osolisayo futhi amabi. Usolwa infidelities abafana abane abahle wendoda amahlazo. Ekugcineni, umbhali ukhathele ngempela futhi wathandana ohlangothini, hhayi ukuba ihlukane nomkayo. Futhi ngo-1870, ayizange ibe Dumas. INdodana bamngcwaba ekhaya Villers-Cotterets, lapho umbhali amanoveli isiphuku-no-angababulali othandekayo.

Aimé Desclee

Yakhula yaba ngendlela yobunxiwankulu lomkhaya ocebile futhi wathola imfundo enhle. Ubaba wakhe, ummeli, waya ukuphelelwa yimali, futhi indodakazi nganquma ukuthi kukhanye phakathi esiteji. Kodwa umsebenzi awuhambanga ke kuye kwaba khona isaga wesifazane babelokhu, njengoba ubuhle bakhe kwakungamelwe hlala. Behlakaniphile, okuyinto wacaphuna yonke Paris, wabuyela ethiyetha, ngahambisa izincwajana kuso cishe wonke kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Lizinqoba Italy, Brussels. Nge Dumas Aime wokuqala ahlangana naye ibhola timphahla tekubhukusha. Dumas embona edlala phesheya, futhi wayekholelwa ukuthi wayenesiphiwo futhi emuhle. Waphikelela ukuba Paris, yena uphuthunyiswe qembu. Aseqala kwakuwukunqoba. Ngesisekelo izithakazelo ezivamile (namanje Dumas Fils wabhala iziqephu ethiyetha) Babethandana nomunye, nakuba, futhi usivikele ngokwabo. Lapho Aimee wayengekho lokwentiwako, wayehlala yedwa kuleli zwe. inkampani bawo babeyizimpisi poodle, upholi nenceku ubudala Caesarina. Ukuthola uzibuse nobunzima yayo kodwa wayengafuni uxhumano emthethweni.

Ekuziphatheni asekelwe wemidlalo wakhe. Wamfaka indima play "Wedding Guest" wabhala "unkosikazi Claudia" ngenxa yakhe "Inkosazana George". Ezincwadini zakhe, wazama ukuxazulula izinkinga zokuziphatha owesilisa nowesifazane. iphamfulethi yakhe ngale ndaba okubangelwa komsindo. Manje ebhaliwe umdlalo omusha for Desclee "Mnu Alphonse." Kodwa wayezizwa ogulayo, odokotela wakhe wathola izimpawu zomdlavuza. Ngesikhathi eshona ngo-1874, ke wangcwatshwa wonke eParis.

Umdlalo ukuthi okuhleliwe, kudlalwa omunye actress, futhi lolu limi okucetshiswe igama elisha "idol lacey brown," okuyinto lasho umlisa ohlala ngezithukuthuku abesifazane (indoda ezonakele, a pimp).

French Academy

Phakathi nokuphila kuka-Alexander Dumas indodana waze waba ngumuntu ocebile zakudala ayibonwa. Yahlala icala elincane. Wayelethwa wathonyelwa ukuba zisebenze khona iSikhungo Sezemfundo. Ngo-1875, February 11, layo abagcotshwa ngokuthi "umbuso wakuphila ingunaphakade." Wayengumuntu ngempela njengabakufanelekelayo isiqu esinjalo. Nayi imisebenzi ezilotshwe ngu-Alexander ngaleyo Dumas. Izincwadi "Tristan Ryzhy" (inoveli zomlando), "Regent Myustel" (inoveli), inoveli "Lady nge amapharele", "Delo Clemenceau," "UDkt Servan", "zokuthumela omunye wesifazane" wasithinta ezindabeni ezibalulekile zenhlalo ukulihlola imiphefumulo namaqhawe. Bekanye Zhorzh Sand , wabhala: "Le Marquis de Villiers" wamnika amalungelo akhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wasebenza kanzima futhi wasebenza ngempumelelo njengoba umlobi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini. Kulo msebenzi, wayebonisa ikhono lakhe kwaba baziswa kakhulu futhi izilaleli, futhi uyise omzalayo. Naye kwakudingeka i isikhulumi esihle, ngubani ukhiphe eziningi izincwajana ngezihloko ezihlukene.

umshado wokugcina

On yokuncipha kokubaluleka ukuphila kuka-Alexander Dumas fils bafika emshadweni wesibili ne Mma Henriette Escala, okuyinto walondoloza ubuhlobo kusukela 1887. Wayengumngane abaneminyaka engaphansi kwakhe amane. Bashada emva kokufa Naryshkina ngoJulayi 1895, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga ezine, wayesefa.

isiphetho

Ubizwa wangcwatshwa emathuneni of Montmartre Paris, ikhulu namashumi amamitha kude Marie uDuplessis, owesifazane kuphela wayemthanda. Wakhumbula konke ukuphila kwakhe futhi kanzima ngizisole umshado wakhe wokuqala.