Agglutinin agglutinogen futhi - iprotheni igazi, ukuphila ukulondoloza

Agglutinogen - iprotheni igazi. Kwakheka antigen kakade ngenyanga yesithathu wokukhula kwengane esiswini. Kuyinto ekhona 2, 3 kanye 4 zamaqembu egazi. It is, eyaziwa ngokuvumelana idatha yakamuva, mayelana 236 antigen eqoqelwe e 29 izinhlelo. iqembu igazi kunqunywa ezimisweni 2 - ABO futhi RH.

Ukwakheka igazi. Agglutinogen - Iyini?

Njengoba yaziwa, igazi liqukethe amanzi, plasma bese kwakheka izakhi: leukocyte, erythrocyte nama-platelet.

Agglyutinogeny obizwa nangokuthi antigen (Ag). Ziyakwazi esihlupha bonke emangqamuzaneni omzimba. Ukuvikelwa zabo kuyadingeka kuzo zonke izindawo. Ngisho ebuchosheni. Antigen nazo phezu engaphakathi erythrocyte. Futhi agglutinogens babe egazi yabo emhlophe (90 izinhlobo).

Agglutinogen - ikhemikhali egcina alien futhi zofuzo ukukhomba ulwazi oluthile ngabanye futhi usebenzisane amasosha omzimba.

Ngokwemvelo yabo zamakhemikhali, zihlukaniswe zibe:

• amaprotheni (RH amaprotheni Colton et al.);
• glycoproteins (Lutheran);
• glycolipids (Avo).

Agglutinogen - a-gamma-globulin, okuyinto adluliselwa usana libe yifa lenu. Sikanye plasma agglutinin likhona inquma uhlobo legazi, njengoba kuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

Imisebenzi agglutinogens futhi agglutinins

Uma agglutinogens, bayizithunywa antigen efanayo ngofuzo abazali, agglutinins (amasosha omzimba noma amasosha omzimba) akhiqizwa phakathi nonyaka walo wokuqala wokuphila. It synthesizes amasosha omzimba kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni, futhi basebenzisane kuphela antigen zona ahloselwe.

Lokho amasosha omzimba bathinteke mzimba. Bona agglutinate (ngamanye amagama, glue) amaseli microbial nokunye bachotshozwe. Khona-ke la Clumps ne amangqamuzana afile ezizimilelayo ukugqashuka futhi excreted kalula. A antigen abanike lonke ulwazi oludingekayo. Ngakho agglutinogens, agglutinins igazi ugcine umzimba kusukela ayehlasela zemizimba angaphandle. Ngaphandle umsebenzi ezindaweni zabo okusinda engenakwenzeka.

iqembu igazi

Zihlukaniswa khona noma iqembu otstutstvie antigen kanye namasosha omzimba. Antigen kakhulu. Nokho, okubaluleke kunakho konke odokotela antigen A no-B, kanye amasosha omzimba Alpha ne-Beta.

Sici sesibili esibalulekile igazi lomuntu liwumsebenzi RH igazi amaprotheni, isb. Khona E. zayo noma engekho.

Ngakho ukuhlukanisa amaqembu igazi; agglutinogens futhi agglutinins kuthathwe zokuhlukanisa kuphela lezo ahambisana agglutination.

Ukuze uchaze iqembu, afeze okuhlangenwe nakho okunjalo. Lapho kuhlangana kwenzeka sera (noma cha) le agllyutinatsii ukuphendula. Kulesi ukuphendula, futhi waphetha.

Agglutination - yokusabela lapho banamathelane futhi inciphise amasosha omzimba futhi antigen lapho azivumelani nomunye. Ngokwesibonelo, erythrocyte agglutinogens iqembu 2 igazi kuhlangene amasosha beta-plasma. Uma lokhu kuwa igazi antibodies Alpha, ngeke kunenze nisondelane yabo. Amaseli afe. A beta omzimba iwela tube ngegazi serum kokuba antigen B, futhi "kwethulwa" ukusabela okungenhla.

ucwaningo umlando

iqembu Okokuqala igazi enikezwe uhlelo ABO. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1901, lapho uKarl Landsteiner wathola amasosha omzimba. Ukwahlukaniswa athuthukile Karl Landsteiner noJ Jansky. Baphetha ngokuthi agglutinogen - lena kuyizinhlayiyana, ngaphandle ulwazi ezingaphathelana akunakwenzeka ukuqhubeka ucwaningo nge igazi. Futhi siyaqhubeka ukusebenza kulesi siqondiso. Ngo-1903, iqembu ngamnyama 4.

Futhi ngo-1940 A. Wiener futhi K. Landsteiner wathola RH isici. Lokhu namaprotheni atholakala cishe 85% abantu abanesikhumba esimhlophe. Uma amaprotheni prisutstveut egazini RH omuhle (RH +), futhi uma ayitholakali - ezimbi (Rh-). Njengoba amaqembu igazi ihlukaniswa ngesisekelo lezi zimiso ezimbili.

imithetho ukumpontshelwa

Ukumpontshelwa igazi, ngisho esikhathini sethu, nazo zonke ulwazi lwezokwelapha ukuthi sibadala kangakanani, kuyingozi. Ngokumpontshelwa kubangela yakhetha kuphela uma ukopha 25% noma ngaphezulu ivolumu Imininingwane. izingozi eziningi - amagciwane posttransfuziozny ukushaqeka - lutho.

Ukuzama ukuthola igazi ezifanele kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kungase kubangele yezinkinga igazi. Nakuba-ke Kuyaziwa ukuthi abantu 1 iqembu - onikelayo evelelwa jikelele, kodwa uma umthamo wegazi elampontshelwa kunalokho enkulu, kungcono senqabe iqembu igazi. Kuyefana nasendleleni abantu neqembu 4, okuyizinto abemukeli amanye amaqembu.

1 media group yingenxa bebizwa donor-enemisebenzi ukuthi igazi abalulekile ukumpontshelwa agglyutinogeny lingekho. Ngemva ukusabela agglutination kulesi simo ngeke.

Ngokuvamile, le mithetho ukumpontshelwa elula. Nokho imiphumela pre-ukumpompela akekho ongasho. Igazi kungenzeka agglyutinogeny ezifihlekile, futhi ukuhlaziya baye veroyatnst ukuthi ngeke embula. Khona-ke indoda emva ukumpontshelwa lemiqulu emikhulu igazi ufile ngenxa yokuntuleka kwegazi. Nokho iqembu lakhe kudingeka wazi kahle umuntu ngamunye futhi, yebo, ukwazi khona amaprotheni RH.

RH Factor futhi Ukukhulelwa

Uma owesifazane enezinwele engeyinhle RH amaprotheni igazi, okusho ukuthi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kungabangela izinkinga. Ingane nge khona kwale amaprotheni kuyoba into angaphandle emzimbeni kamama.

Uma abesifazane ngisho Kunconywa ukuba uhambe ngoba amadoda anomthwalo amaprotheni RH. amasosha omzimba kamama uyobhubhisa amaseli fetus legazi elibomvu. Phela, zonke agglutinogen - iyingxenye "kuhlasela uhlelo" ku amaseli abonakala kubo abangabazi.

Lapho ukungqubuzana izinkawu kukhona yezinkinga kungenzeka:

• isifo Hemolytic wengane;
• jaundice ngesikhathi sokuzalwa;
• yisisu.

Nokho, uma owesifazane ukuba zinakekele futhi njalo ibe ngaphansi kokuqondisa odokotela, umntwana ozozalwa ngokuphelele ziphilile.