Adume isihambi Marco Polo evule

Sekuyisikhathi eside abantu abaningi balishiya esikoleni, uzibuze ukuthi ubani ukuthi i-Marco Polo ukuthi wathola futhi ukuthi lokhu kubalulekile ukwenza i emhlabeni?

ekuqaleni komgwaqo

Isihambi abadumile owazalelwa e-Venice (noma esiqhingini Korcula, kukhona ulwazi ekabili) mayelana 1254. Uyise Niccolò nomalume Maffeo zazingabahwebi ngempela elichumayo, ababephila ukuhweba osekukade namazwe asempumalanga. Bavakashele eBukhara, phezu iVolga, elihle embusweni Kublai Khan. Famous ngokuthi Travels Marko Polo, eyathatha iminyaka engamashumi amabili nane, waqala ngo-1271, lapho lo mndeni wathatha unyaka-nesikhombisa-umfana e uhambo lwakhe olulandelayo. Senior ukwenza ukuhweba ibhizinisi, isabelo abasebasha wawa ohambweni zokubonisana Kublai Khan, ngubani ngokufudumele isenzo ezifudumele ngokwenani elalisetshenziswa abathengisi.

Indlela ekhethiwe

Marko Polo umzila lalithé: iphuzu lokugcina indlela eyayizoba emzini ulwe e China (a Beijing yesimanje), ukuqala, yebo, Venice. Kodwa izazi-mlando iphuzu babhekana zonke izinhlobo ukungabaza. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi lezi zihambi wadabula Akka Hormuz, Erzurum, Pamir ukuba Kashgar, futhi ukusuka lapho ukuba ulwe. Abanye abacwaningi baye bame kwelokuthi balo babeyizikhulu ekhatsi Akka, esogwini oluseningizimu ye-Asia, i- Highlands Armenia, e Kerman, Basra, yasehlanzeni oseningizimu Hindu Kush, le Pamirs, ku Taklamakan ehlane, wachitha unyaka emzini Zhang, wavakashela Karakoram bese kuphela inzuzo e Beijing.

Ukuphila China

Kungakhathaliseki indlela yabo, i-Marco Polo (evule empeleni iyokwaziwa ngisho kamuva) kanye nomndeni wakhe waphelelwa Beijing e 1275. EChina, bafike bahlala iminyaka eminingi, ithengiswe ngempumelelo ngokwayo Marco bamkhonza omkhulu Kublai Khan walinqoba uzwela kwakhe. Kungenxa inkonzo umbusi Italian uye wahambela yonke yase China, futhi kamuva ngisho waba umbusi wawo isifundazwe ngaphansi kwegama Full.

homecoming

Ngo 1292 amaNtaliyane namanje ephuma eChina, lokuhambisana inkosazana-Mongolian, okuyinto baphuthunyiswe yasePheresiya, yashada umbusi ezweni. Emuva e-China, kayiyanga, njengasezulwini 1294, esevele ePheresiya, bathola izindaba ngokufa uKhan Omkhulu. Ngemva konyaka, abathengisi polo abuyele kwakhe e-Venice. Ngo 1297 Marco Polo ulwela bomdabu yedolobha isimo sakhe empini asolwandle namabutho ka-Genoa futhi ethumba, okuyinto lisibeka nezinye iziboshwa, Rustichanu of Pisa, indaba uhambo lwakhe. Marco washona ngo 1324, ngo-January, ongowokuzalwa e-Venice, ungumuntu ocebile kakhulu, Ushadile, unamadodakazi amathathu. Futhi owavula Marco Polo (uma kafushane chaza)?

Kokuqamba Marco Polo

"Incwadi" isihambi omkhulu - kuba isitsha oyigugu ulwazi mayelana Eastern Europeans, South nase-Asia Ephakathi. Eqinisweni, i-Marco Polo wathola baseYurophu, hhayi kuphela China, kodwa futhi wonke emazweni angomakhelwane. Okuwukuphela engakhi umsebenzi wakhe - incazelo olungalungile amabanga endleleni. Kodwa uMarku wayengeyena sokuma komhlaba ukuze kuwufanele neze ukulinda ulwazi olunembile okuningi kuye. Kungenxa yokuthi lokhu yokuntuleka Abaklami bamabalazwe namanje Awukwazi ukwenza amabalazwe. Kodwa umsebenzi wakhe uqukethe izincazelo lesifinyetiwe, eqondile futhi ezimibalabala amasiko, impilo netinkholelo kanye nemibono bezizwe empumalanga. Yilokho ngubani i-Marco Polo. Akuthola Europe? Okunjalo aphansi ngabantu yesimanje, kodwa akwaziwa uma imali baseYurophu iphepha, izinongo, zezinkambi, ubuqili Art Oriental. Abantu wezwa imizi elinabantu abangaphezu kwesigidi, Japan, eCeylon, Indonesia, Madagascar kanye iziqhingi saseSumatra ne-Java. Nangu wavakashelwa Marco Polo. Lokho ayekutholile baseYurophu - ulwazi oluyigugu ezathonya ngezindlela eziningi ekuthuthukiseni impucuko eYurophu.