Abu Simbel. Ithempeli eGibhithe eyakhelwe Ramses 2

Ukuze ulahleke phakathi kolwandle lakala kusukela travel ejensi ahlukahlukene, abantu abaningi azame ufunde mayelana izinto laseGibhithe. Manje izincwadi ezifanele ungathola yiluphi ulwazi mayelana kulelizwe kanye izibuyekezo ezivela kwamanye abahambi. Enye yezindawo eziphawuleka kakhulu kuleli zwe - ethempelini Abu Simbel. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyazi ngakho. Yiqiniso, ngoba kukhona ezidumile ezingaphezu kuka Abu Simbel. IGibithe baziwa kakhulu imibhoshongo ecijile Giza kanye Sphinx esifanekisweni. Kodwa kwaba phambi lelithempeli ka-February 22 no-22 Okthoba uya izivakashi ezingaphezu kuka-5000.

Yini abadonse khona?

Abu Simbel kumephu - idolobha elincane, walahlekelwa phakathi kwezihlabathi eNubia e nasenyakatho yeGibithe, eduze komngcele waseSudan. amathempeli yakhe, eqoshwe edwaleni, emi ngasentshonalanga yomfula yeLake Nasser. Ensemble eliwubukhazikhazi elalizokwakhiwa e 1244 BC yokudumisa uzowanqoba namaHeti Ramses 2. Okuningi ngokunembile, kukhona amathempeli ezimbili. Elikhulu ozinikele kuFaro, onkulunkulu abathathu, kodwa kancane - unkulunkulukazi Hathor futhi umkakhe ayemthanda Ramses, Nefertari enhle.

Ngokuvamile, ngesikhathi kubusa Ramses 2 yayakhiwe emhumeni amathempeli emihlanu, kodwa Abu Simbel ubhekwa ezinhle kakhulu kubo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lezi amathempeli labatinikele onkulunkulu abathathu owavikela bebutho kaFaro, eqinisweni, bamdumisa Ramses 2, owayebusa eminyakeni 67 eGibhithe. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi wathola angu-11. mummy wakhe kugcinwa iCairo Museum.

Izici isakhiwo kanye nendawo

Emnyango ongena eThempelini Omkhulu ubhekene empumalanga. I lalolu hlangothi olungaphambili lihlotshiswe ezine imitha-amabili eziqoshiwe faro, ngubani esabekayo abasezihlalweni zobukhosi. Abavubukuli namanje wamangaza portrait wafana kanye olinganise esiphelele kwezithombe. Futhi zonke eziqoshiwe ayafana, eyodwa kuphela uhlukanise ikhanda lakhe phakathi nokuzamazama. izinyawo uFaro - esiveza ka nawomkabo nabantwana, futhi phezu umnyango wethempeli okubonisa unkulunkulu Ra.

Hall

Ithempeli Ramses 2 siqukethe izikhala ezine elingunxande, okuyinto ngokulandelana encishisiwe. Ikamelo lokuqala - banzi kakhulu. Lisisekele lwaleli okusezingeni eliphezulu ezine Emaceleni amakholomu nezindonga embozwe imibhalo futhi imifanekiso ezinemibala. Kukhona eziqoshiwe faro ezishaya unkulunkulukazi u- unkulunkulu u-Osiris. Leli kamelo ingatholwa yibo bonke comers. Esikhathini yesibili ubengase faka "enhle". Ikamelo wesithathu, okuyinto busebuncane kwalowo odlule, kwaba atholakale ngaphandle kwabapristi kuphela. Egumbini wesine ubengase faka uFaro nomkhaya wakhe. Lokho kukhona isithombe HARMAKHIS onkulunkulu, u-Amun-Re futhi Ptah abantu umbusi. Wonke umuntu ebandleni likhuluma ngamandla nangengcebo kaRamses 2: izindonga igumbi ngalinye lihlotshiswe imifanekiso emangalisayo etshela ngezenzo ezempi kanye ukuphila kwakhe. Futhi isithombe ophahleni ilanga cobra efanekisela amandla isimo kanye Isijeziso esifanele thina ngenxa necala phambi kukaFaro.

Kodwa ngemva amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka, upende egqwalile, kanye Abu Simbel cishe egxile ngokuphelele by kwezihlabathi Sahara. Kwakungenxa nje ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, ukutadisha ethempelini Hathor Usosayensi othile eSwitzerland zaphawula izinsalela izibalo, futhi ngemva emikhulu yokwemba iminyaka eminingi Ramesses 2 ethempelini yaxazululeka isihlabathi.

Iningi unyaka amahholo zayo ubuswa penumbra, futhi entwasahlobo kuphela ekwindla nelanga, okuyinto kuhambisane izinsuku lokuzalwa wokugcotshwa uFaro, ufakaze umbukwane omangalisayo. Ukuze ubone ke, izixuku zapolonyayut Egypt kulezi zinsuku. Ngezinye ncamashi 5 amahora nemizuzu 58 rising sun lingena ethempelini iqala uhambo lwayo unhurried ngokusebenzisa amahholo zayo. Ekupheleni endleleni yayo ama-slide ugongolo ehlombe ka-Amoni-Ra, futhi ubuso Ramses 2, ephumula imizuzu embalwa. Kuthiwa ngalesi sikhathi uFaro iqala ukumamatheka.

Ngemva kwalokho, esifanekisweni wathutha HARMAKHIS, elangeni eshiya ethempelini Omkhulu, futhi yayingawuthinti statue Ptah, nkosi eHayidese, abangafuni uludinga. Yiqiniso, akukho imfihlakalo, futhi kuphela ukubala olunembile kakhulu nabathakathi waseGibhithe nabapristi.

Abathandwayo imfihlakalo ethempelini

Kodwa kwakukhona ethempelini omunye imfihlakalo, eyagcina ukhohlwe. Njalo ekuseni entathakusa, ke uyakhononda futhi ukubibitheka. Kwaphela isikhathi eside akekho ozokwazi ukuchaza lesi simo, kodwa ososayensi wakwazi ukwembula imfihlakalo. Zonke daba ayangena endlini, noma kunalokho ku lokushisa emoyeni. Ekuseni, akhulela imifantu wandisa futhi waqala ukusakaza lezi imisindo. Lapho wavala, nokugquma kumisiwe.

Small Nethempeli Abu Simbel: izici kwesakhiwo

At amamitha 100 kusukela Temple Omkhulu uyithempeli elincane Abu Simbel. It is Kunikezelwa unkulunkulukazi waseGibithe lasendulo uthando, Hathor, okuyinto izici Nefertari kube aphakeme futhi othandekayo zadluliselwa kosikazi Pharaoh. Thina wabhala ngakho njengoba owesifazane, omuhle futhi behlakaniphile. ke kuphela emlandweni Ancient Egypt waklonyeliswa lolu dumo. ethempelini Small ubukeka enesizotha kakhulu futhi siqukethe ihholo olulodwa futhi engcwele. On olungaphambili lwesonto yayo kule niches kukhona eziqoshiwe kaRamses futhi Nefertari 2. A amathekisthi akheke kahle umdlalo emhlabeni kubanika inkolo eyayinaso ekhethekile. Ngo engcwele kukhona ebaziwe lonkulunkulukazi Hathor ngesimo inkomazi engcwele, futhi phambi kwalo - umfanekiso faro.

I eyinkimbinkimbi Abu Simbel yayiseshidini goba saseNayile, okwakuyinto ebalulekile kakhulu esemqoka. esifanekisweni uFaro iyabonakala kalula bekude, emelela namandla yezwe. Babheka kuhlaba umxhwele ekuseni, lapho ilanga liphuma ingcoliswe umbala abe bomvu njengegazi yabo.

ukuhlelwa kabusha

Esikhathini 60s kwekhulu elidlule ithempeli kuthé ingozi entsha. Lake, loMfula ngalo itholakala, kwakungase ngokuphelele cwilisa, nabo bonke ngenxa kwakhiwa leli damu Aswan emfuleni iNayile. Kuye kwaba eningi amaphrojekthi yokutakula into nakumasiko. Ngisho ahlinzekwa ukwakha kwamanzi ingilazi Dome phezu amathempeli. Kodwa kwenziwa ikhambi eliyingqayizivele - ukuqaqa ngemabhuloki ekwakha ukulihambisa endaweni ephakeme. Ukusebenza yahanjelwa ochwepheshe abavela emazweni amahlanu. It yachitha imali engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-42 zamaRandi. Eminyakeni emine kule Luhambo Basaha zibe yizicucu ngabanye linesisindo esingamathani 3 kuya ku-20, lapho zibaliwe bese uyiswa i indunduma yokufakelwa.

Kube base yamba futhi ugcwale laqanjwa anenhlaka, okuyinto bekumele yokuqinisa itshe. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange amayunithi ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane. amathempeli zihlanganiswa embozwe kwagcizelela cap ukhonkolo, wathela phezu kwendunduma itshe, okumele ukulingisa edwaleni. Kodwa kwakwenziwa ngobumnene ngakho kangangokuthi kwakubonakala amathempeli wema lapha eminyaka. Futhi izwibela kanye inhloko omunye eziqoshiwe ukuthi nabo bathuthela futhi kakhulu wabeka ngokunembile esinqeni ethempelini.

Ukutadisha isakhiwo

Ngokusebenzisa lezi zingoma Abu Simbel wahlolwa ngokucophelela abavubukuli kanye nochwepheshe kusukela UNESCO, okuyinto umxhwele ubuciko abaklami lasendulo. Ngemva kokubuka izinto isakhiwo isizinda ngokucophelela, izazi ziye Akumangalisi wathola ukuthi ulayini olungaphambili lwesonto ahlelwe kuhambisana waphuka edwaleni, yenziwa ethempelini ukumelana rocks wakhonza ukwesekwa zemvelo eziqoshiwe omkhulu.

Iron oxide, esetshenziswa yokuqinisa zamatshe sandstone, ngaphezu injongo yayo eyinhloko, wanika itshe ezihlukahlukene ezinemibala egqamile - kusukela nezibubende obomvu ngisho pink. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi ihanjiswe eziyinkimbinkimbi 200 m phambili 65 m ngaphezu echibini ezingeni kanye ugcwalise akuseyona kusongelwa.

Ekugcineni, inkampani encane

Septhemba 22 Abu Simbel - Temple eGibhithe - futhi kuthatha izivakashi. Emagugu emasiko uye walondolozwa ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela waba omunye amakhadi ibhizinisi izivakashi Egypt.