Yini odinga ukuyazi mayelana Penrose unxantathu?

Impossible Kusengenzeka. Futhi isiqinisekiso olugqamile yokuthi - Penrose unxantathu engenakwenzeka. Vula kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, manje ngokuvamile atholakala ezincwadini zesayensi. Futhi sengathi kungase kuzwakale isimanga, kodwa lungenza kube ngisho ngelakho. Futhi ukwenza kube kweso. abalandeli abaningi ukudweba noma sekuyisikhathi eside origami collect ukwazile ukukwenza.

Okusho unxantathu Penrose

Kukhona amagama ambalwa sibalo. Abanye bakubiza ngokuthi unxantathu kungenzeki, elinye - tribar nje. Kodwa ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana kwencazelo "Penrose unxantathu".

Asho ukuthini la izincazelo, omunye eyisisekelo izibalo engenakwenzeka. Ukwahlulela ngesiqu, bese uthola umfanekiso ofanayo empeleni akwenzeki. Kodwa ngo-mkhuba, okuye kungase kutholakale ukuthi ukwenza kanjalo Kusengenzeka. Yilokho nje ukuma we calantsatfu kuzothatha uma uyibuke kusukela ephuzwini elithile engela kwesokudla. Kuzo zonke ezinye izinhlangothi bangamaphesenti ngempela ngempela. Siqukethe ezintathu cube emaphethelweni. Futhi ukwenza anamagama ahlelwe njengoJohane lula.

Umlando yokutholakala

Penrose Triangle kwatholakala emuva ngo-1934 yi-artist Sweden Oscar Reutersvärd. Isibalo enikeziwe ngesimo iphakethe ababebuthene. Esikhathini esizayo, umculi waziwa ngokuthi "uyise izibalo engenakwenzeka."

Mhlawumbe umdwebo Reutersvärd babeyohlala usithe. Kodwa ngo-1954 sezibalo Swedish Rodzher Penrouz wabhala isihloko mayelana izibalo engenakwenzeka. Kwakuwusuku lokuzalwa unxantathu yesibili. Nokho, ososayensi baye wasethula ngayo ifomu ngaphezulu ajwayelekile. Wasebenzisa kungekho izitini imishayo. Imishayo ezintathu akuhlanganisileyo i-engela 90 degrees. Umehluko kwaba futhi ukuthi Reutersvärd usebenzisa ngombono parallel ngenkathi drawing. A Penrose wasebenzisa igama elithi uhlamvu komugqa, okuyinto wanika sibalo kakhulu nakakhulu. Lokhu unxantathu yanyatheliswa ngo-1958 e omunye British Journal of Psychology.

Ngo-1961, umdwebi Maurits Escher (Netherlands) idale omunye lithographs yakhe edume kunazo zonke "Impophoma". Yasungulwa bacabanga ukuthi kwathiwa kubangelwa i-athikili mayelana izibalo engenakwenzeka.

Eighties last tribar ekhulwini nezinye izibalo kungenzeki kuboniswe izitembu zokuposa zombuso Sweden. Lokhu kwaqhubeka iminyaka eminingi.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu elidlule (noma ngaphezulu ngokunembile ngo-1999) e-Australia uye wadala ebaziwe aluminiyamu, esibonisa Penrose unxantathu engenakwenzeka. It ifinyelela ukuphakama 13 metres. Lezi izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu kuphela amancane ngosayizi, atholakala nakwamanye amazwe.

Impossible empeleni

Njengoba kungenzeka omunye ukuyichaza, unxantathu Penrose empeleni akulona unxantathu ngomqondo evamile. Limelela ubuso obuthathu cube. Kodwa uma kubhekwa kusukela engela ezithile, kuvela unxantathu inkohliso ngenxa yokuthi indiza ngokugcwele luqondane 2 emakhoneni. Yesilinganiso kuqondaniswe umakhelwane esikhundleni salokho okufanele likubone futhi ekude.

Ukucabangela, singakwazi ukuqagela ukuthi tribar into ningi than kohliso. uhlobo Real lezinombolo anganika shadow kwalo. Ngoba kuyakhanya impela ukuthi eqinisweni emagumbini anixhunyiwe. Futhi-ke, konke kuba sobala uma sibalo pick up.

Ukwenza amajamo ngezandla

Penrose unxantathu kungaba babuthane ngokwakho. Ngokwesibonelo, iphepha noma paperboard. Futhi ukuze basize kule wesifunda. Bathi nje kudingeka uzitholele futhi glue. izikimu ezimbili ethulwa kwi-inthanethi. Omunye wabo kancane kulula, omunye - kancane more xaka, kodwa ethandwa kakhudlwana. Bobabili emelelwa izibalo.

Penrose unxantathu kuyoba umkhiqizo ezithakazelisayo ukuthi izivakashi uzongithanda. Yena nakanjani ngeke kungaqashelwa. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukwakha kangangani ukulungiselela izikimu. Yena idluliselwe iphepha (amakhadibhodi) kusukela iphrinta. Bese izinto ngisho lula. Kumele nje ukusika kanye azungezwe. Esikhathini umdwebo kakade yonke imigqa kunesidingo. Kuyinto elula kakhulu ukusebenza iphepha mkhulu. Uma wesifunda libhalwe ephepheni elincanyana, futhi ufuna okuthile okwengeziwe uvalwe, ingenalutho lisetshenziswa impahla ekhethiwe futhi inqanyulwa eduze nentaba. Lokho isikimu akuyona sigudluke, kungenzeka uxhume Ukugunda.

Okulandelayo udinga ukukhomba imigqa kanye lapho nalutho izakugoba. Ngokuvamile, it is amelwe umdwebo ngu emideni emaqatjhazi. Bend ngokuningiliziwe. Okulandelayo Sichaza izindawo okumelwe eziboshiwe. Basuke camera nge glue emhlophe. Umniningwane ixhunywe ku figure olulodwa.

Imininingwane kungenziwa zaveza. Futhi ungakwazi ekuqaleni ukusebenzisa amakhadibhodi anemibala.

Dweba isithombe engenakwenzeka

Penrose unxantathu Ungakwazi futhi ukudweba. Ukuze uqale nge square elula idwetshwa eshidini. lingakanani akunandaba. Nge isisekelo ohlangothini phansi isikwele, unxantathu idwetshwa. emagumbini alo basondela ngaphakathi calandze encane. Izibilini zazo uyoba ukusula, kusale kuphela yibo zivamile ne unxantathu. Umphumela kufanele kube unxantathu nge emakhoneni ufushanisiwe.

On the engenhla ohlangothini lwesobunxele engela aphansi kucatshangwa umugqa oqondile. Umugqa efanayo kodwa esimfushane, kukhiwa lesokunxele ngezansi. Okhunye okukhambisana phansi unxantathu udwebe umugqa ephuma ekhoneni. Thola nesilinganiso yesibili.

Ngokusho isimiso lesibili ugwala ubukhulu lwesithathu. Kuphela kuleli cala, zonke imigqa zisekelwe sibalo engele akuzona owokuqala nesilinganiso yesibili.