Yalta - Russia noma Ukraine? Yalta, eCrimea. idolobha Yalta

Yalta kumephu ungaphakathi sesihlasela ingxenye eseningizimu ye eCrimea kusukela Foros emazweni asentshonalanga futhi kuze kube Krasnokamenka empumalanga. Lo muzi ubizwa waqaphela njengoba inhlokodolobha spa yale nhlonhlo, umgibeli ezibalulekile kanye ne-port kwezohwebo.

Umlando kwegama

Umuzi Yalta, ku inguqulo evamile, uthola igama layo kusukela lesiGreki "Gialos", okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "lolwandle". Ngokokuqala ngqá kule ndawo okukhulunywe ngaye 1154. Imigqa lomuzi Polovtsian oLwandle Olumnyama zazivela ngepeni yesazi-mlando Arab Al-Idrisi.

Yalta kumephu. Ubunjalo bomuntu kanye kwendawo

Umuzi itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea. It ithatha ogwini Yalta Bay, e oLwandle Olumnyama. Phakathi komuzi emagqumeni Darsan futhi eNkazimulweni. Kusukela ezweni Yalta lizungezwe umkhumbi we YaseCrimea Mountains.

resort Jikelele Luhambo amapaki kukhona Vorontsov futhi Livadia, abahlukaniswe e Greater Yalta (okokugcina kuhlanganisa umuzi ngokwawo, Alupka futhi ezigodini eziningi). Okokuqala, Acindezela Ngokuvumelana nobukhulu bazo umxhwele. Lapho edala kubo ziye zasetshenziswa izitshalo amade esiyingqayizivele Ornamental angaphandle.

Izici sezulu

Likuphi emzini Yalta? Lapho sengineminyaka engaba ngu-latitude efanayo ethandwa zokungcebeleka Italian Genoa futhi Ravenna. Cishe 2250 iri ngonyaka, idolobha ayiphulule ilanga efudumele. Inkomba efanayo kungaba ozibongayo anjalo zokungcebeleka zikanokusho Mediterranean njengoba San Remo, Nice futhi Cannes. City Yalta (eCrimea) kuyahluka sezulu esipholile, efana Mediterranean esihle. Ubusika kukhona yezimvula nobumnene, spring epholile, ihlobo lide futhi kushisa, futhi ekwindla efudumele futhi eside (okubizwa ngokuthi i-Indian ehlobo).

Yalta ekhadini YaseCrimea ungaphakathi okufudumele kolwandle futhi ezintabeni, lapho isinyathelo abavikeli njengoba okunokwethenjelwa emimoyeni ebandayo. Lesi sici ezindawo inikeza izimo ezikahle kwezivakashi.

Yalta (eCrimea) idume ngokuyinhloko imithombo yayo zokungcebeleka. izinqolobane zakhe ezinjengethi, "Cape uMarian," Crimean Ezingokwemvelo Kanye Nezenzo Yalta entabeni-ihlathi, ukunikeza wezokwelapha kanye zezulu resort value.

amabhishi

Yalta (isithombe bomuzi okusesihlokweni esithi) idume amabhishi lawo elihle. Nokho, akunjalo kudala laba bantu ababhekana nakho a nokucekelwa kancane kancane kubangelwa kwenhlabathi ngaphansi kolwandle. Abantu baqala ngamabomu ennoble amabhishi emashumini ambalwa nje eminyaka adlule. Ngakho, ke kwakuhlelwa ukwakhiwa esaziwa izindonga, ukumba imisele e olwandle futhi sigcwalisa ngokubakhanda ngamatshe. Ngosizo Cranes elintantayo efakwe angamakhulu ton imbilapho, futhi phakathi kwawo athola zafakwa izigidi amamitha angama-cubic kilometer yemfucumfucu. Ngenxa yalokho, abantu baye bafunda ukwakha amabhishi yokufakelwa, ngisho kulezo zindawo ukuthi yayikade kubhekwe ukuba kuhlalwe ngokuphelele sokuzilibazisa.

Fauna, flora

Yalta Reserve iyindawo esiyingqayizivele, lapho likhula ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ezimbili zezitshalo eziningi ezahlukene. amahlathi Juniper-oki, * khuhla ehlanganiswa amagquma edolobha. Okuvame kakhulu zikaphayini Scots kanye eCrimea, kanye zokhuni, oki sessile futhi Fluffy, Maple, hornbeam, beech, uphayini, dogwood, eliphakathi kwe kanye mountain ash.

Amahlathi elisogwini oluseningizimu ye kubaluleke kakhulu isivikelo amanzi nomhlabathi ekongiweni kwemvelo, ngakho basuke kubhekwe alondoloza zemvelo futhi kuqashwe ngokucophelela.

Nezilwane southern coast YaseCrimea ine uhlamvu isiqhingi, futhi kufana e uhlobo uye eMedithera. Kule ndawo, ungabona obomvu izinyamazane, Roe izinyamazane, entabeni nezimvu, mouflon iyisilwane itshe marten, Izimbila, squirrel-Teleut, izingulube zasendle, uchakide, impungushe, nonogwaja, inhloli, Shrew, nelulwane.

izimo emvelweni

Okokuqala thina ukhethe eziningi izinkinga ezikhona:

• amayunithi Okungenani ayisishiyagalolunye ngehora (ngezinye izikhathi lokhu sibalo ufinyelela 1600 nama-PC.) Of traffic nomthwalo Ilungiselelo eyinhloko Yalta ngesikhathi sasemini ehlobo. Njengoba for the nobusika, umthombo oyinhloko kwekhabhoni eziyingozi emkhathini ezibhekwa boilers, amanzi angcolile izinhlelo, isimo kushiya okuningi okufanele oyifunayo iminyaka eminingi.
• Ubuningi esiphezulu i-carbon monoxide emigwaqweni Simferopol ifinyelela MAC eziyisithupha (esiphezulu lokuhlushwa sivumelekile), futhi ngaleso Yalta Imigwaqo - ezintathu MAC. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa ukusetshenziswa ukhwaliti ongaphakeme nophethiloli.
• Njengoba izazi esungulwe e Yalta cishe kabili ephakeme kunaleyo emakamu kahle benzopyrene. Leli qiniso kusikisela ukuthi isimo emvelweni emzini abampofu.
• Ngo-March 2012, iBhange aseYurophu neKwakha kaBusha nekuTfutfukisa labelwa abayizigidi eziyishumi hryvnia sesimanje Yalta indle ukuyeka ukudedelwa emfantwini emanzini oLwandle Olumnyama. Nokho, kusukela ngo-2013 emzini zokukhuculula indle kukhona usesimweni esibi kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, eduze kwayo echwebeni emabhishi kuthiwa ezingcoliswe amanzi indle njalo.
• Apreli 2012 kwaphawulwa ingxoxo ebanzi ezisemadolobheni imigwaqo izinkinga ezimbi. Izakhamuzi ihlelwe emsebenzini yabo yokuzithandela ku wokuhlanza imfucumfucu Yalta. Ngo-September ka lowo nyaka, izenzakalo ezinjalo liqale, ngoba iziphathimandla zendawo zahluleka silondoloze ukuhlanzeka emzini.

Umlando omncane

Izinsalela nemizana abakhileyo insimu YaseCrimea lasendulo - Tauri - atholakele abavubukuli eduze Simeiz, ku Cape Ai-Todor ku cat entabeni, kanye kwezinye izindawo. Imivubukulo babelwa cishe ukuze lesine kwelesihlanu BC. Tees babe pirates, abadobi, abalimi, abazingeli kanye nabelusi. indlela yabo yokuphila lingachazwa ngokuthi lulwimi.

Ngokusho yetinsita Yalta - umuzi owakhiwa amatilosi ngesiGreki. Kukholakala ukuthi sekukudala zazulazula komkhathi enkulu yoLwandle Olumnyama, futhi ngemva kokubona yasebhange eside elindelwe, wababaza: "Gialos" (njengoba ngesiGreki umsindo igama elithi "ogwini"). Njengoba la mazwe futhi okuthiwa. On amabalazwe kanye ezincwadini XIV leminyaka. edolobheni ubizwa ngokuthi Yalita, Gialita, Kallithea futhi Etalita.

Yalta - Russia noma Ukraine? It okwamanje kungokwalabo Russian Federation, kodwa ehlobo lika-1475 kuleli dolobha, njengoba kunjalo nangazo zonke eCrimea, lathunjwa WaseTurkey nabaseTurkey. South Coast eyafakwa ngokuvukela uMbuso WaseTurkey. Engxenyeni ngekhulu nanhlanu yesibili kwakukhona ukuzamazama, lapho yabhubhisa khona Yalta. iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa kuphela ezazinikelwe endaweni yenhlekelele baqala ukuhlala Armenia namaGreki. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi kwaba ngaleso sikhathi leli zwe fixed isasetshenziswa igama.

Yalta - Russia noma Ukraine? Ngisho e 1783, eCrimea baba ingxenye yoMbuso Russian. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa Izindawo mass lamaKristu Crimean oLwandle Azov e 1778 kanye ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe we YaseCrimea AmaTatar eTurkey. Nakuba Yalta kwaba encane eyihlane nokudoba umzana.

yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye

UMbusi-Jikelele Novorossiysk umhlaba - Bala Vorontsov - ngo-1823 wanikela ingxenye yetshumi ezingamakhulu amabili Yalta komhlaba ngokweyame ezifanelekayo ukufuya izivini, amasimu ezithelo nokwakhiwa. Umkhakha osanda kubalwa abanikazi abacebile, sibonga umsebenzi onzima serfs yabo bamiswa ku Villas endaweni kanokusho, izigodlo, izindlu, wabeka omkhulu ezithelo zezimboni nezivini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhona amapaki amahle ezisesesikhathini uyabukeka emehlweni ka bendawo nezivakashi: Gurzuf, Massandra, le Alupka, Livadia nabanye.

Kancane kancane lakhula Yalta. Ibalazwe lendawo avunyelwe Vorontsov uqonda ukuthi leli dolobhana ukucasha, sibonga sendawo eliyingqayizivele futhi bay elula, kungaba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kubona umuzi Russian.

zaguquka

1838 Unyaka kwaphawulwa kumiswa Yalta wesifunda. Leli dolobhana kanye elahlwa yazuza isimo edolobheni. Onyakeni owawandulele Bala Vorontsov wayala ukuba kwakhiwe emgwaqeni owubhuqu, okuyinto ixhunywe Yalta nge Simferopol futhi Alushta. Ngo-1848, idolobha itholé oqondile uxhumano umgwaqo Sevastopol.

Incithakalo yokutakula

Phakathi nempi ye 1853-1856. zithinteke kakhulu lonke eCrimea. Yalta (ngaleso sikhathi ibalazwe idolobha kusiza ukuqonda ubunjalo kanye esikalini nolokubhujiswa) iyathinteka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, idolobha libuyiselwe, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaye yaqala ukukhuluma la mazwi njengenhlangano resort kakhulu. UDkt Dmitriev noSolwazi Botkin kuqashelwe ukuthi Yalta sezulu salubrious. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi uMbusi u-Alexander III isikhipha umyalo esakhiweni amabili zamakhosi - Livadia futhi Massandra.

ukwakhiwa okuyimfihlo futhi emi namanje. Ngakho, omunye wabantu abacebe kunabo bonke e-Russia - Prince Yusupov - esakhiwe isigodlo Koreiz, Bala Milutin - Simeiz, Naryshkin - e Mishor.

Ngo-1886, ngokulandela imiyalelo ka-Aleksandru III, ukwakhiwa itshe zokuvikela ezinamandla uqalwe, kanye indle. Omunye umsebenzi obalulekile waqaphela kwesikhathi kwaba Yalta yashayisa unqenqema. ukwakhiwa ezisemadolobheni amanzi supply system laqedwa 1898.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye, abaningi bazi lapho Yalta kumephu, ngenxa yokuthi lomuzi kakade eyaziwa ngokuthi indawo emangalisayo. Isithakazelo amandla owabangelwa yokuthi ngawo-1860s, Livadia, okuyinto ngaseYalta, waqala ukubusa phezu kuka esihlalweni aseningizimu umndeni.

IKHULU lamashumi amabili

Yalta - Russia noma Ukraine? Russia. Futhi ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka eledlule, amalungu amaningi izikhulu imperial kubhekwe kuyisibopho ukuba esigodlweni ngisho cottage elisogwini oluseningizimu ye-eCrimea.

Ngo-1914, idolobha has izikole ezimbili okusezingeni eliphezulu kwaphinde kwavulwa zamabhizinisi ekolishi, amakilabhu amabili, amane ikhokhwe, imitapo yolwazi kanye netinombolo zokubukela amabhayisikobho.

Isimo sashintsha ngokuphawulekayo e Yalta ngemva otshumeli linemibhikisho ezimbili - Februwari no-Okthoba. Ngokusho isimemezelo kukaLenin, izindlu okunethezeka nezigodlo wathutha lisetshenziswa kubantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenkuthalo ekwakheni zokungcebeleka entsha. Okokuqala yakhoselisa kulesi sibhedlela "Dolossy". Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1928.

Nakulokhu futhi, impi ...

Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, amabutho aseJalimane alithatha eCrimea. E Yalta, imisebenzi anti-amaNazi wethulwa. Abantu abahlala ihlelwe ghetto abangamaJuda. Ayemaningi Welusa yaltintsev 4500. Bonke kamuva Kudutshulwe kwabulawa eduze Massandra. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka kusuka 1941 kuya 1944 Yalta waphakamisela ukujikijelwa ngu izindiza isitha. Umuzi yakhululwa abahlaseli ngo-Ephreli 1944

Yalta - Russia noma Ukraine? Kusukela ngo-1954 kuze kube 2014 edolobheni waba ngowokuqala ukubunjwa amazwe Ukraine, kodwa manje iyingxenye WaseRussia.

umlando kwakamuva

Njengoba sekuzoqala ikhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili lokuqala sekuqalile ukuvuselelwa iningi Yalta ogwini. Ngenxa yalokho, kakhulu ngcono isimo amabhishi, okuyinto manje ukuthatha abantu abangaphezu koyedwa ezingaba yinkulungwane ngonyaka, futhi Massandra ngisho ukhishwa "Blue Flag". Ngo-2003, umsebenzi wokwakha kabusha ku chibi leli dolobha usuphethiwe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, akasiye nje emgwaqweni yezitolo, kodwa futhi ube yindawo yemikhosi mass. Ngo-2009 bakha yesonto-yesikhumbuzo ezixukwini esifanayo, okwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abazinikele e egameni Abafel 'ukholo okusha futhi izono Russian. Yakhiwa yokudumisa inkumbulo yabo bonke abantu abangenacala wabulala phakathi nezikhathi ezinzima, phakathi neMpi futhi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe Civil. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isikhumbuzo Awukude ladilizwa ngo-1932, i-St Aleksandra Nevskogo yesonto sokhuni, elalizokwakhiwa e inkumbulo lababuleweyo by amaphekula-Alexander Okwesibili.

Mashi 18, 2014 eCrimea (Yalta futhi kubandakanya) zaba ingxenye Russian Federation. Kwaba ngesisekelo inhlolovo kazwelonke aphethwe ezinsukwini ezimbili ngaphambili, kanye nesivumelwano phakathi Russian Federation kanye neziphathimandla weRiphabhulikhi eCrimea.

Yalta izakhamizi ngamabomu uyaziqhenya ukubiza ekhaya edolobheni Museum ngaphansi esibhakabhakeni evulekile. Wadala for the ukuphumula yezikhulu isiRashiya, emzaneni kanye-ezincane manje resort ethandwa. Izivakashi ezivela emazweni amaningi bayakujabulela uzibixe amabhishi bendawo ngaphansi kwelanga okufudumele Yalta.