Izinguzunga Zeqhwa Zase-Russia: uhlu nezithombe. Intaba Glaciers Russia

Okubalulekile ubuyise yonke imifula emhlabeni adlala zamaqhwa. abayizigidi ezingu-16 sq. km - ngakho ingxenye Imininingwane imayelana 11% of the ndawo Imininingwane. Ziqukethe nenqwaba yamanzi ahlanzekile. ERussia, lenqwaba kubo, indawo sq angaba yizinkulungwane 60. M. km. Izinguzunga Zeqhwa Zase-Russia ihlukaniswe ezimbili izinhlobo, ngokusho indlela kumiswa zabo:

• Enamathela. Lona iningi izinhlelo glacial kuleli zwe. Lezi zihlanganisa iqhwa Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya, Severnaya Zemlya nezinye iziqhingi Arctic. I ukujiya isilinganiso iziqhingi e-Arctic Ocean - kusuka ngamamitha 100 kuya ku-300. Bona ukugcina izinqolobane enkulu yomthamo wamanzi ahlanzekile.
• Russia entabeni izinguzunga zeqhwa. Isabelo sabo endaweni Imininingwane -% 5 kuphela. Lokhu ukuqongelela glacial izintaba of eCaucasus, Urals, eKamchatka. Ukuze ukwakheka zabo kuyadingeka lemibandela elandelayo ezimbili: lokushisa emoyeni ongemuhle futhi semali kwezulu. Ngokuvamile, uma izintaba ngokuvamile lina, basuke ephelezelwa sezulu efudumele.

A ezihlukahlukene izinguzunga zeqhwa

Ngeengaba kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, kuhlanganise entabeni, kunezindlela eziningi. Yiziphi izinhlobo kubo zingatholakala ezweni lethu?

• Isithwathwa nezimagqabhagqabha. Isithwathwa ekuqongeleleni ezigodini engajulile kanye nemithambeka.
• Izinguzunga Zeqhwa Zase-step-nemithambeka. Isithwathwa mass ebutha esinqeni ezintabeni isithunzi futhi igqugquzelwa izikhukhula zeqhwa ezintabeni ze.
• Ulenga izinguzunga zeqhwa. Esisogwini emithambekeni emaweni, sengathi sveshivayas phezu kwalo. Bona bangabezwe; usayizi encane, kodwa kuyingozi ngoba zingase zephule phansi.
• Cirque izinguzunga zeqhwa. Isithwathwa uquqaba kreslovidnyh izigodi emaweni kususwa udonga lwangemuva.
• Izinguzunga Zeqhwa Zase-eziqongweni zezintaba-mlilo. 'Hwebani kungatshalwa eziqongweni zezintaba.
• izinguzunga zeqhwa Peremetnoe. Banezinhliziyo umsuka ovamile - phezulu khahlamba, kodwa iziteki esesayidini ke.
• uhlobo Norwegian. Lolu hlobo lwe-qhwa inguquko kusukela entabeni kuze kube coverslip. Yiqhwa iphakama ithafa-like zibhebhetheka phansi. Ngemva kokufinyelela emaphethelweni Yehla ethize eqondile.
• Valley zitholakala ezigodini entabeni.

Russia Intaba izinguzunga zeqhwa akuzona ezifanayo ngosayizi. Ezinye cut, abanye zikhulisa, nanso are labo ukushintsha indawo yabo, ihamba. Yiziphi engcono Russian zeqhwa ezinkulu? Uhlu 5 kwemisele emikhulu entabeni nge ice zisetshenziswa kanje.

Caucasus

Kuyinto isikhungo ngobukhulu ekuqongeleleni entabeni izinguzunga zeqhwa. On the ingxenye Russian we eCaucasus, okusho ku emthambekeni yayo enyakatho, bagxila mass omkhulu, endaweni ingqikithi 1400 skwele. Kuyinto izinguzunga zeqhwa ezingaphezu kuka-2,000. Ziyakwazi ikakhulukazi yayincane, kuze 1 kV. km ububanzi. Yeqhwa emikhulu kakhulu eRussia - a eziyinkimbinkimbi Mount Elbrus e Kabardino-Balkaria, indawo square metres kuka-120. km. Enye isiqongo seqhwa ezinkulu eCaucasus - phezulu-mlilo yokuqothulwa Kazbek. Kulapha kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60% azo zonke eCaucasus ice. Isici esikhethekile uhlamvu yabo alpine. I-Russian ingxenye iziqongo snowy Omkhulu eCaucasus isendaweni eyehlelayo yayo enyakatho, kuba smooth xaxa futhi enwetshiwe, ngokungafani kuya eNingizimu. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-70% ice Greater eCaucasus. Wik emthambekeni emaweni futhi emaweni, ke snows 30% ezintabeni Caucasian. Ukubaluleka glaciation lokhu yokhalo has ukondla imifula ukuthatha isiqalo lapha. Lokhu owumthelela Kuban River - White, Zelenchuk uLabani - futhi umfula Terek - Ardon, Urukh, Baksan. Zeqhwa of eCaucasus Izintaba ashona phansi futhi ancipha. Nakuba ukwehla okuncane, amandla emifuleni abaphethwe ke. Iminyaka eyikhulu ezingeni komugqa iqhwa uye lenyuke ngamaphesenti 70-75 cm. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona kuqala yesikhashana ice kwezinye izindawo.

Altai

Ibe isilandelwa ohlwini zeqhwa ezinkulu kuleli lizwe zitholakala Altai iqhwa. Lapha, eningizimu eSiberia, amakhaya mayelana 1,500, okuyinto hlala indawo square metres kuka-900. km. Zamaqhwa ngobukhulu Katun, aseNingizimu naseNyakatho-Chui Chui lamagquma. uquqaba ezinkulu tibheke eNtabeni Belukha, oluvela Altai omkhulu Katun River nemingenela yayo. Lezi zindawo babé ozithandayo kakhulu futhi lidumile abaqwali wonke Altai. Nansi yeqhwa Akkem. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi amandla akhethekile, futhi uyala wakhe izivakashi zayo. Enye isiqongo snowy Altai - Aktru. Intaba idume umehluko omkhulu lokushisa. Ehlobo kukhona ukushisa okungabekezeleleki, futhi ebusika - ashubisa umnkantsha. Ngalesi Aktru kubhekwa iphuzu abandayo wendawo. Amazinga ke uwela lokususa 62ºS. Kodwa ngisho nezimo ezinjalo ezinzima sezulu, eziningi abafisa ukubona lezi izinguzunga zeqhwa Russia. Isithombe ebukeka kumnandi.

eKamchatka

Modern Peninsula glaciation has a isikali eside. Isithwathwa uquqaba kukhulu kunenani eCaucasus. akhawunti Bona cishe 450, endaweni abevile 900 sq. km. The main focus kubo phezu Central Range kanye Klyuchevskoy iqembu. Russia zeqhwa eKamchatka une-isici esithakazelisayo. Bangabakhe lo mgodi okuthiwa, endleleni yemfundo. Basuke kwakheka mgodi futhi asemigodini yezintaba-mlilo futhi amagquma, okuyinto enhlonhlweni omningi. Ngo eKamchatka, inkathi efudumele sifushane, neqhwa esiwela amagquma eziqongweni, akanayo isikhathi ancibilike. Esinye isici snows zaseKamchatka - isikhundla esiphansi. Izinguzunga Zeqhwa Zase-wehla phezulu ukuphakama 1600 amamitha. Lokubaluleke kakhulu empilweni we snows babe mlilo. Phakathi kuqhuma i izinguzunga zeqhwa okusebenzayo zincibilika, futhi ancibilike amanzi egcwele emfuleni.

Koryak Ibanga

Ibizwa nangokuthi kubo elamaKoryak Highlands. Kutholwe eliseMpumalanga Ekude, it ithumba Chukotka Autonomous District kanye eKamchatka Territory. Inani kwezinguzunga zeqhwa okwakungokokuqala ngqá lapha - 1330, futhi endaweni yabo abangaphezu kuka-250 sq. km. Koryak Highlands siqukethe amabanga iDemo emikhulu, okuyinto ukudlulisa esivela enyakatho-mpumalanga kuya eningizimu-ntshonalanga. Izinguzunga Zeqhwa Zase-eMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia, side, kuze 4 km ubude. Basuke etholakala aphansi kakhulu, kuze kube ngaphansi komugqa iqhwa, ezingeni 700-1000 amamitha. Lokhu kungenxa sezulu yokusondelana kolwandle abandayo. Enye yeqhwa eRussia - Ice Mountain - waso eliphakeme isezingeni 2.562 kwamamitha.

Izintaba Suntar-Hayata

Lezi izinguzunga zeqhwa zitholakala Russian Yakutia naseKhabarovsk Krai. Kukhona ngaphezulu 208 izingcezu, ingqikithi ezingaphezu kuka-200 skwele. Ridge isingamakhilomitha 450 km, kanye iphuzu yayo eliphakeme - Mount Cape Khaya Mthethwa - cishe 3000 metres. Ngaphezu kwalokho nokuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, lapha mayelana 800 sq. tyrynov km. Ngakho sikubiza frost enkulu yesikhathi eside, imiswe phakathi umnkantsha komhlaba okuyinto. I ukushuba ice enjalo ngokuvamile mayelana 8 amamitha. Suntar-Hayata - a nakangaka zemifula ezinkulu yeSiberia njengoba Indigirka, Aldan, kanye Okhotsk Sea Basin.