Kumiswa, Imfundo yesibili nezikole
Ezemfundo, ezihlukahlukene, isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi lysosomes
Isihloko sethu singathanda esingakanani okufanele usichithe umbuzo yini isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi lysosomes. Sine ukubukeka eningiliziwe kweyesi isihloko ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nohlobo kumiswa lezi zakhiwo, yohlobo lwazo, izici isakhiwo kanye nezinye izingqinamba eziningi.
Ngaphambi kokucabangela kuyini isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi lysosomes, ngifuna ukucacisa imininingwane ethile. Zonke izinto eziphilayo ezisizungezile, akhiwa izinhlayiya olwakhiwe, amaseli. Abakwazi angabonwa kuphela ngesibonakhulu. Kodwa iseli - kuyinto uhlelo ephelele ehlanganisa izingxenye ezincane, ezibizwa ngokuthi organelles. Namuhla sizoxoxa ngomunye wabo.
UHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula: kuyini?
Kuyini isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi lysosomes? Lokhu organelle osayizi ezincane, ngakho angase abekwe yezinyoni omningi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amanye amaseli ulwelwe aqukethe lysosomes 1 noma 2 kuphela kabani Ubukhulu zingaphezulu kakhulu kwalokho engiye evamile (mayelana 0.2 microns). Ngakho, kungaba zonke lysosomes zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu:
- oyinhloko;
- yesibili;
- amaseli asalile.
Njengoba sicabangela indlela abukeka ngayo isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi lysosomes, le eminye kusukela sihloko kuyacaca ukuthi kungani sidinga lezi zinhlobo futhi yini ukubaluleka kwabo cell umsebenzi. Kubalulekile kuphela ukucacisa ukuthi lysosomes eyinhloko iya ku yesibili, kodwa inqubo reverse akunakwenzeka.
Isakhiwo lysosomes
Yiziphi lysosomes, isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi? Ithebula kuyosisiza ukuba abhekane nalokho kuyinto organelles ngaphakathi. Organelles aqukethe ezingaphezu kuka-50 ahlukene amaprotheni enzyme. UHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula ngokwayo imbozwe ulwelwesi mncane ohlukanisa ejenti bioactive kusuka kwangaphakathi cell ezindaweni. Ethebuleni sethula enzyme ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi uchaze imisebenzi yabo.
enzyme | Inani |
esterase | Kudingeka ukuba ngivule utshwala ether. |
Peptide hydrolase | Kudingeka i-hydrolysis compounds kokuba nobuhlobo peptide. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa amaprotheni, peptides kanti ezinye nezinye izinto. |
nuclease | Leli qembu enzyme ngesivinini hydrolysis ka phosphodiester izibopho ku polynucleotide uchungechunge acid nucleic. kwakhiwa Ngakho mono - futhi oligonucleotides. |
glucosidase | I-enzyme yaleli qembu unikeze inqubo yehlukanise carbohydrate. |
hydrolase | Basuke esetshenziselwa hydrolysis ka amides. |
Ukwakheka lysosomes
Ngakho siyazi ukuthi lysosomes, isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi (kafushane) ukuthi sicabangele kafushane kulesi sihloko. Sesivele wathi ukuthi organelles zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu (primary, secondary amaseli asalile). Kumiswa iqembu lokuqala ezivela ulwelwesi we-apharathasi Golgi, nabo lesi sinyathelo kalula kudidaniswe vacuoles ezincane. Lysosomes kukhona organelles uhlangane bese bakha isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi nosayizi.
Uma uHlelo Lwesiqondisi Kungena Esilula eyinhloko ithumba iyiphi into, bese iseli iqala inqubo ukugaya. Organelle olukwazi sakhathala salokhu sinamathele kwakwakhe by enzyme, kakade kungokwalabo esigabeni ka lysosomes yesibili. Ngenxa yalokho, izinto zingase zimiswe ukugaya ohlangene amaseli asalile (lokhu esigabeni wesithathu ngibone umjikelezo wokuphila kwe lysosomes).
umsebenzi organelles
Sibukeze izinhlobo lysosomes, isakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi (bheka ithebula) - kungcono umbuzo wethu olandelayo. Sanquma ukuba usebenzise ifomu ecacile kakhulu futhi kuyaqondakala, ie etafuleni.
umsebenzi | sici |
ukugaya intracellular | Lysosomes aqukethe inani elikhulu enzyme uyakwazi sakhathala salokhu sinamathele iyiphi compounds nge hydrolysis. Futhi ukugaya intracellular kwenzeka. Izinto singene lysosomes futhi okwenziwa ukwakha ongaphakeme yamangqamuzana isisindo compounds, okuyinto ke isebenzisa cell izidingo zalo siqu. |
autophagy | Le nqubo uyoqeda ezingadingekile noma ubudala iseli organelles. Autophagy - indlela ubuyekeze organelles cell. |
autolysis | Ngenye indlela, inqubo kungenziwa ngokuthi self-ukubhujiswa amaseli. Lapho ulwelwesi of lysosomes amaseli ayafa, esifa yokugcina. |
isiphetho
Siye safunda, yiziphi lysosomes. Izici isakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi (bheka ithebula) banikezwe isihloko. Ekuphetheni Ngithanda ukusho ukuthi ephula organelles idatha kungenzeka ngenxa yesifo esithile. Ngokwesibonelo, imithi eyaziwa izifo ngofuzo, exhunywe ne ukwephulwa imisebenzi ekubeni lysosomes. Leli qembu pathologies zihlanganisa mucopolysaccharidoses, sfingolipidozy, glikoproteinozy nabanye abaningi.
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