Isikhundla ezindawo ka Urals: imininingwane kanye izici

Ngokwe-encyclopedia, eziNtabeni zase-Ural kukhona uhlelo ehlukanisa East European kanye West laseSiberia emathafeni. ubude bayo idlula amakhilomitha 2,000, futhi ngokusho kwezinye izincwadi, imithombo, kuba ngisho kuka 2500 km (Mugodzhary inikezwe amabanga eningizimu Pai-Khoi enyakatho). Ububanzi zokhahlamba kuyinto 40-200 km.

izici Jikelele

Ural baphakathi endala kakhulu emhlabeni. Yingakho kungaphasi Andes noma Tibet. Ubudala Urals has eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi 600. Phakathi nale nkathi kunalokho eside ngaphansi kwethonya imvula, umoya nokudilika kwenhlabathi emikhulu kwase ngokuyisisekelo ubhujiswe. Isikhundla ezindawo ka Urals sicaciselwe kakhulu njengoba ukuba amaphuzu kwezomnotho kanye nezepolitiki umbono. Kodwa ngalolo ngezansi. Le ndawo igcwele kakhulu amaminerali atholakala zethusi, titanium, i-magnesium, uwoyela, amalahle, bauxite, nabanye. Sekukonke, zikhona mayelana izazi ayisithupha abagxeka imikhando namaminerali.

Umlando yokutholakala

Ngokusho umlando olusemthethweni, eziNtabeni zase-Ural Kwatholakala ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ososayensi ubheke amarekhodi ngabo imibhalo ngesiGreki. Bakhuluma ngamacebo ezintabeni Rhipaean (noma Riphaeus) Imaus futhi Hyperborean. Namuhla-ke akunakwenzeka ukuthola ukuthi ingxenye Urals ososayensi bathi eRoma futhi lasendulo Greece, ngoba indaba elandiswayo yabo ngokucebile kwahlanganiswa ne ezihlukahlukene inganekwane, izinganekwane, ngisho izinganekwane esisobala. Bona abakaze baye kulezi zindawo, kodwa wezwa ngazo emlonyeni lwesithathu. Nokho, uma ukholwa ezinganekwaneni izizwe abahlala esifundeni esise-Ural, abantu ixazululwe kule nsimu eside ngaphambi ukuvelela eGrisi lasendulo. Kamuva imithombo Arab ukutshela mayelana Yugra ezweni, lapho kuhlala khona abantu Jurassic. Futhi esifundeni esise-Ural ososayensi abathi izincazelo amazwe ezifana Bulgaria, i-Visa, Yajuji, Ma'jooj nabanye. Kuzo zonke imithombo Arab bathi lezi zindawo okwakuhlala kulo abantu abanolaka kakhulu, ngakho zivaliwe izihambi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nabo basho isimo sezulu elibuhlungu kulawa mazwe, okuyinto kungabuye ngokuhunyushwa esivuna Urals. Nokho, naphezu kwala maqiniso, abathengisi Arab zathuthelekela lapha njengesivunguvungu izimpukane ukuba uju, futhi lokhu kungenxa ngokuchichima uboya, kanye usawoti. Le mikhiqizo kungenziwa ngokuthi lwemali eyinhloko Ephakathi, bona acashunwa amatshe engengaphansi ayigugu negolide. imithombo Russian zithi, kusukela 12-13 eminyaka, lezi zindawo babengamaphayona wethu, awunika igama lokuthi itshe ezazakhelene nawo ezazihlala ezintabeni. Kodwa kusukela ngekhulu le-17 ngesandla ukukhanya V Tatishchev baziwa ngokuthi Urals.

EYurophu noma e-Asia

Manje ake sibheke ukuthi kukhona isikhundla ezindawo ka Urals. Lokhu yokhalo liwumngcele ezivamile phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia, izakhiwo ezimbili elikhulu uqweqwe eMhlabeni, kanye yasemfuleni enkulu kunazo zonke amachibi. Isikhundla ezindawo ka Urals iyingqayizivele ngempela, ungafaniswa ne iGreat Wall yaseChina, kuphela lokhu odongeni ayakhiwe ngu nemvelo. Yena wahlukanisa abantu abanamasiko eziphikisanayo: mentalities esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga. Nakuba kulesi simo kunzima ukunquma yini eyaba khona kuqala. Kungakhathaliseki "kwesihenqo itshe" bathinteka bavunyelwe ukuba kukhule izitshalo ezimbili, ebavikela nomunye, noma kokubili abantu esetshenziswa banomlando ezivamile kanye namagugu zefilosofi, futhi kamuva we yezwekazi laseYurophu yabekwa ithonya ngaphandle, futhi ngokuyinhloko washintsha konke. Zonke amanani ibheke phansi: white emnyama futhi omnyama - omhlophe ... Kulokhu, log endala ukulondolozwa abantu Oriental kusukela isitha esivela ngaphandle okwamanje. Nokho, kuleli zwe wonke omhlaba, akukho ngomngcele wamatshe ngeke ayeke "wombuso weningi" futhi liberalism ebekwa isiko European. Njengoba lithi in the isikhangiso? Uma ungawasebenzisi powder "Tide," khona-ke thina seza kuwe na? .. Njengoba ubona, indawo eyingqayizivele ezindawo ka Urals isizinda kwezombusazwe nakwezomnotho hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi kwamasiko.

sombuso abantu

esifundeni Ural ngenani emadolobheni, labantu, kanye namandla kwezomnotho manje kubhekwe yesibili ngemva Central. Isikhundla ezindawo ka Urals nomthelela yokuthi kwaba uphethelo ngokwemvelo amagagasi eziningi ezifudukayo. Ngakho, nabahloli bamazwe isiRashiya, ezihambayo ngasempumalanga, uzama ukubheka ezisezindaweni eziphansi ngokulala maqembu lula ku "Stone Belt" nezizwe asemaqeleni kusukela ingxenye Asian kuleli zwekazi, efuna uya entshonalanga, namakhilomitha ebhekene nale umgoqo yemvelo ukuthi kwadingeka ukuthi ahambe emhlabeni ke kusukela eningizimu. Futhi abaningi babo ngisho bazinza phansi yezintaba zase-Ural. Lokhu kuchaza ukwehluka lobuhlanga yesifunda. Urals baba imbeleko ngoba bezizwe eziningi. Kuyinto abavela kulo lonke elase-Nyakatfo Eurasia bahlakazeka abantu we Ural-Yukaghir ulimi umkhaya. Namuhla ubuswa labantu Russian - 80%, kodwa esifundeni Ural kubuye ekhaya Bashkirs, AmaTatar, Isi-Udmurt, Isi-Chuvash, laseMordovia, iMari, Komi-Permian, nabanye.

Buyelela uqalisise umebhe

isimo somnotho kanye ezindawo ka Urals uhlukile, njengoba itholakala emngceleni zentuthuko yezomnotho (European) ingxenye izwekazi kanye nomhlaba impahla eluhlaza (empumalanga). Ngenxa yalokho, le ndawo web ohileleke ka, ujantshi, ahamba nezintambo zikagesi. Zonke lezi othelawayeka ukuxhumanisa Urals ne iVolga esifundeni, iVolga-Vyatka neNtshonalanga laseSiberia izifunda zezwe lethu, futhi nge Kazakhstan. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi indawo yezintaba zase-Ural nesifunda Ural akayena ngempela okufanayo. Ake sibone ukuthi yini kumelwe liqondwe. Ngokwesibonelo, entabeni zokhahlamba Subpolar nezifunda Polar abafakiwe ngezithako zawo, kodwa akunjalo phezu Piedmont emathafeni Urals (lokhu onqenqemeni esisempumalanga Plain East European) futhi Trans (onqenqemeni esentshonalanga Plain West laseSiberia).

smithy Zonke-Russian

Ural ingenye izindawo endala ka embonini yezimayini kule planethi yethu. Akumangazi, ngoba kukhona ezifakwa zamatshe ayigugu futhi ephuma kabili esiyigugu, alexandrite futhi aquamarine, garnets futhi ngamasafire, emeralds futhi ibe ngeyamarubi, itopazi rock crystal, Malachite nejeyidi. Emithambekeni empumalanga yezintaba zase-Ural, okuyinto amelwa rocks igneous, ocebile kakhulu ezihlukahlukene ore namaminerali. Ngakho, sibonga endle of izinsimbi non-ayoni futhi ayoni kuthiwa pawned futhi ithuthukiswe umkhakha we-Urals. Ithusi, insimbi, i-chromium, ne-nickel, ayibe, aluminium, zinc-ore, i-platinum, igolide - akusiyo uhlu oluphelele larder zemvelo, bagxila engaphansi kwalezi zintaba. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi bulala ngokwendawo Ural kungenziwa sahlukaniswa saba izingxenye ezinhlanu. Ake sihlole kafushane ngasinye wabo.

Isikhundla ezindawo ka the Polar Urals

Le ngxenye zokhahlamba Itholakala ku Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous avtonomnyy kanye Komi Republic. Izifunda umngcele sidlula ukuhlukana main, okuyinto ahlukaniswe amachibi OB (empumalanga) kanye Pechora (entshonalanga). Stoke enyakatho akhawunti emithambekeni ngoba Baidarata Bay e-Arctic Ocean. Esikhathini Polar Urals ubuswa izintaba zokhahlamba nge ekuphakameni 800-1200 m, futhi iziqongo eziphakeme kunazo zonke (Mount yomkhokhi) ukufinyelela 1,500 m. Empeleni, kwaqala, le ndawo ithatha ongaphakeme temabhodlela Konstantinov Kamen (Imininingwane 492 m). izintaba kwandisa kakhulu ohlangothini eningizimu - kufike ku-1350 m Maximum ukuphakama focus nasengxenyeni eseningizimu (cishe ngo-65 ° N ..), lapho liphuma phezulu Abantu (1894 m.) - iphuzu esiphezulu lonke Urals.

Nge-latitude efanayo Polar Ural kwelulwe kakhulu - kufike ku-125 km - futhi ibhidliza ku 5-6 emikhulu ngokulinganisa. Eningizimu kule ndawo kuze kube manje entshonalanga isiqondiso Pechora wathutha Saber Ukhahlamba (1425 m).

Urals polar

Kusukela endaweni afanayo Saber futhi ekugcineni vertex Konzhakovskiy Kamen, ukuphakama okuyinto 1569 m. Lonke kwale ngxenye ubabonisa ncamashi kanye umugqa owehla nembulunga okuyi-59 °. w., ebheka isikhundla salo ezindawo. Polar Urals siqukethe lamagquma ikakhulu amabili longitudinal. East kuyinto nakangaka, kunjengoba Poyasovoy Stone ezaziwayo. West Ridge liyaziwa entabeni amabili esinamakhanda Telpos-Out, noma Stone of Umoya. ukuphakama Its 1617 m. I-alpine landforms esifundeni esise-Ural Polar kungavamile, iningi iziqongo has simise Dome.

Isikhundla ezindawo ka Urals Ephakathi

Le ndawo libhekene iziqongo aphansi. Ihlala phakathi 59 futhi 56 degrees enyakatho nenkabazwe. Strictly enyakatho naseningizimu elula ibhande entabeni esikhundleni eningizimu-mpumalanga. Kanye South, Sredniy giant Ural lwakha arc ngohlangothi ayizindunduma ebhekene ngasempumalanga, futhi ufaka Ufimskoe ithafa (Eastern Russian platform protrusion). walo enyakatho ezibhekwa ezintabeni Konzhakovsky Stone futhi Kosvinsky Kamen, futhi eningizimu - entabeni Utah (Chelyabinsk region). Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuphakama yabo ingeqi 800 amamitha. Kusukela entshonalanga kuya ezintabeni Urals Ephakathi elakhelene Urals elinamagquma. Kule ndawo climatically esihle kumuntu kunalokhu elimhlophe. Lapha eside ehlobo ukufudumala. Amazinga isilinganiso ngoJulayi elaliphansi kwamagquma 16-18 °. Unyawo zezintaba enyakatho embozwe ehlathini eningizimu, futhi eningizimu - ehlathini-asemaqeleni.

Yuzhnyy Ural

I engavamile yalesi sifunda ukuthi lapha ezintabeni kakhulu futhi lakhula. Ngokwesibonelo, Iremel phezulu antante 1582 m, futhi ukuphakama Yamanatau - 1640 m Geographical South Ural zihlanganisa Ridge evela phezulu Jurmala enyakatho nenkabazwe futhi kudlulela ingxenye. Esisempumalanga yoMfula Ural eningizimu. Kwehlukanisa yokhalo Uraltau sigudluke ibe isiqondiso mpumalanga. Lapha linqobe phakathi impumuzo hlobo. Empumalanga ingxenye Axial ludlulele Zauralskaya, kanye engonxantathu ethafeni eliphansi. Isimo sezulu kunakwezinye phakathi. Summer esomile ne imimoya ashisayo. Amazinga isilinganiso ngoJulayi elaliphansi kwamagquma 20-22 °.

Ekuphetheni

Ngokucacile of indawo Urals ukuthi ulala umngcele ezingxenyeni ze-Asia nabaseYurophu wezwe lakithi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izici ukuthuthukiswa Geological lokhu yokhalo abathintekayo ukujula ezehlukile kwemithombo yezimbiwa. A Ngokwezinga elikhulu, eziphakeme zone, umehluko ezingxenyeni ezisempumalanga nezisentshonalanga we Urals, izinkomba ezahlukene zentuthuko yomnotho kuleli esifundeni ukwahlukana okukhulu kwezomnotho kanye yemvelo landscape ndawo.