Patagonia - lena ... Umnotho, isimo sezulu kanye nezilwane

Patagonia - iyisifunda ezindawo eningizimu mpumalanga yeNingizimu Melika, okuyinto ihlukaniswe phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili:-Chile kunye ne-Argentina. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa isimo sezulu, umnotho, flora, nezilwane kanye namathafa lokhu emaphandleni eliyingqayizivele futhi olunothile.

Patagonia Okumangalisayo: izithombe kanye nencazelo emfushane

Abaningi zafundwa entsheni adventure imisebenzi umbhali Jules Verne. Ikakhulukazi, inoveli "Izingane likakaputeni Grant", okubhekisele zwe elimangalisayo olusePatagonia. Le ndawo enkulukazi emaqeleni South America, overhung iphakama anameva yezintaba zase-Andes.

Patagonia lihlukaniswe phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili - Chile futhi Argentina. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubunjalo Chilean Patagonia kuhlukile kunokunikeza ubunjalo uhlangothi lwalo Argentina. Okokuqala kumayelana nesimo sendawo nesimo sezulu.

Chilean Patagonia - a iziqongo eneqhwa of iziqongo okusezingeni eliphezulu, amatheku ezijulile, amawa, imifula begijima nezimpophoma eziningi. Kodwa Patagonia Argentina libukeka endaweni inamagquma nge izimila sasivumela kwaphela ubuswa imimoya enamandla futhi abandayo.

By endleleni, le ngxenye yaleli zwekazi South American hit lens ikhamera ethandwa British TV show Top Gear (ekhethekile udaba "Patagonia", 2014). Lesi sikhathi, Dzheyms Mey, Dzheremi Klarkson futhi Richard Hammond ihlolwe izimoto zabo emgwaqeni pampasskih izikhala.

Patagonia - lokhu ... geography Physical kanye nemingcele

Lena ukuphela kwendawo Emhlabeni lapho ogwini impumalanga yezwekazi, ungabona ehlane Okuyınqo, ngaphandle ibhande ezishisayo. Likuphi Patagonia? Njengoba zokuma kwendawo ukuqhuba kwemingcele yayo?

Patagonia itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-Ningizimu Melika (eningizimu parallel 40 e Nenkabazwe eningizimu). Lonke izwe kabi ugcwale futhi umatasa okuyisidina amagquma, embozwe kwaphela nezihlahla ezinameva kanye namakhambi. Empumalanga, Patagonia zisuka emoyeni ziqonde emanzini abandayo Atlantic, futhi entshonalanga - eseduze kwemithambeka Andes okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Mayelana lapho kudingeka ubambe emngceleni osenyakatho olusePatagonia, ososayensi ngokuvamile bathi. zokuma kwendawo Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kabanzi kwendawo eklanywe njengomumo womhlaba yiwona Río Colorado futhi Bío-Bío. Eningizimu Patagonia futhi ngezinye izikhathi isikhundla lezi ziqhingi Tierra del Fuego.

Umlando kanye umsuka wegama elithi

Lokhu izwe yokuqala okukhulunywa ngayo izinto we circumnavigation ka uFerdinand Magellan. Ngo Patagonia amalungu uhambo abahlangane naye "abantu abade ngokungavamile" nge ukwanda ngabantu abangaba ngu-180 ngamasentimitha. Khumbula ukuthi ngo-Ephakathi European ukukhula kwabikwa amamitha 1.55 kuphela. It Magellan okuthiwa bendawo "Patagonia" ke leli gama lasho, futhi yonke indawo.

Kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu XIX, la mazwe abazange basonta ubani. Kukhona wahlala izizwe zamaNdiya, okuyinto kwasilela kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni zezizwe European nezinye ayehlala Melika. Kamuva baqala ukuvela izifiki owayesuka eWales, base bakha nge izibopho bendawo ukuhweba.

Kusukela maphakathi nekhulu lesi-XIX, umdlandla Patagonia waqala ukubonisa abaseChile. Ngo-1848, baba wasungula edolobheni eliyitheku ePunta Arenas ukulawula Strait of Magellan. Ngo-1881, ubuholi emazweni amabili (Chile ne-Argentina), wanquma behlukanisa izindawo ezigqagqene olusePatagonia. Le nqubo yathatha Kwacishe kwaphela ikhulu leminyaka. Phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili aye mpikiswano eziningi mayelana nalowo kufanele laleli noma isiqephu sendawo. Lezi ukuphikisana Cishe ekungqubuzaneni ahlomile ngo-1978. Nokho, uPapa wangenela, ephoqa amazwe amabili ukuphetha isivumelwano sokuthula nokuthula nokuzwana.

Izici impumuzo Patagonia

Iningi olusePatagonia kuthatha ithafa toothfish - okuyisidina, inamagquma futhi cishe elingenalo yamanzi unomphela. Ngokocwaningo, yakhiwa basalt futhi sedimentary amatshe. engaphansi Precambrian ingena komhlaba kuphela engxenyeni esenyakatho olusePatagonia.

Ngamagama orographic Plateau zigodi ephukile nemihosha phezu nethebula ngabanye ithafa (upland). Phakathi kwabo, ngezinye izikhathi ayindlala ukugeleza nemifula.

Azimele ogwini olusempumalanga ye Patagonia, futhi ngenxa yalokho ukuba kuhlalwe entry imikhumbi emikhulu. Amashalofu okubeka Rocky ogwini Atlantic lapha ngezinye izikhathi ukufinyelela eziyikhulu ubude. Entshonalanga ithafa toothfish uyashiywa Andes elisemcengezini, okuyinto elalihlala moraine imali kanye namachibi amaningi Lokudabuka glacial.

izici zezulu

Patagonia sezulu esomile, naphezu-latitude. Iqiniso lokuthi yonke imvula kungavela lapha kusukela oLwandle olukhulu lwasePacific. Nokho, indlela umswakama entshonalanga kukhona lamagquma okusezingeni eliphezulu ne-Andes, lapho zithatha kakhulu zonke umswakama. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ogwini olusempumalanga Patagonia itholakala amakhaza Falkland yamanje, okuyinto kuphela kwandisa kome isimo sezulu endaweni. Ngonyaka olusePatagonia etholakele 150 (empumalanga) 400 (ngaleso Andes) amamilimitha angu.

Izinkathi zonyaka nemikhuba yazo ihluke kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene olusePatagonia. Ngakho, enyakatho nesifunda, ku-Rio Negro Valley, ihlobo ngempela ashisayo, futhi eningizimu - cool. Ebusika, insimu yonke Patagonia bangezwa okushisa phansi -30 degrees.

Ngakho, isimo sezulu olusePatagonia okungekuhle noma ukuphila komuntu noma umuntu lomkhakha wezolimo asebenzayo. Dry, eqinile imimoya kubanda futhi blizzards njalo ebusika - lawa sezizathu ezinkulu ngenxa ngalo kule ndawo amakhulu eminyaka amaningi, ayinabantu abaningi.

Izimila nezilwane yesifunda

Isimo sezulu hhayi laba kanjani nesandla ekukhuleni kwezimila esifundeni. Amahlathi e Patagonia cishe akekho. I afanayo ngabanye zitholakala kuphela e-Andes, lapho lehla isamba elanele kwezulu. Ezinye izindaba zika-Patagonia kuyinto ezithi azibe ehlane elalihlala utshani kwaphela nezihlahla ezinzima.

abameleli Classical ye izitshalo toothfish - bluegrass Argentina, uphaphe utshani, fescue futhi fescue. Kukhona futhi ezihlukahlukene amagonandoda prickly futhi Cacti. South ensimini zingatholakala wona kanye ulele. Kulapha zone laseNingizimu Melika emaqeleni ezomile engena zone nezimfunda.

Nezilwane olusePatagonia futhi abampofu kakhulu. abameleli evamile nezilwane zendawo - a guanaco, Rhea, umzwilili, entabeni ingonyama, kanye okuzingela inyoni Condor. amachibi Eduze isidleke Flamingo futhi nezinye izinhlobo Waterfowl. Esiqhingini eningizimu olusePatagonia, ungabona ngisho penguins.

Population, umnotho kanye nokuthuthukisa esifundeni

Isilinganiso ukwanda kwabantu olusePatagonia sincane kakhulu - abantu abangu-2 kuphela square kilometre. ukuhlaliswa kwabantu esifundeni tibheke ngasemfuleni izigodi ambalwa.

Imithombo oyinhloko womnotho bendawo - kuyinto ezokuvakasha nezolimo. Ngo Patagonia ngenkuthalo ukuzalela yezimvu kabani uvolo sithengiswa lapha eqolo. Kule minyaka engamashumi amabili, abaholi ibhizinisi ngithenge epulazini elidala zizalela izimvu endaweni olusePatagonia, futhi oluningi lwalolo yesimanje yabo. Ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo esifundeni is cishe athuthukile ngenxa yezinkinga ezinkulu wokunisela. Inani labantu base-ezindaweni ezingasogwini olusePatagonia is uyabandakanyeka yezinhlanzi olwandle.

ingxenye Kunalokho ebalulekile emnothweni wendawo ezokuvakasha. Futhi athuthukile ngaphezulu Chilean Patagonia. Phakathi ohlangothini Argentina iyona National Park "Los Glaciares", afakwe UNESCO. Ezokuvakasha e Patagonia hhayi kuphela ekwakheni imisebenzi emisha, kodwa futhi isekela isiko kanye nemisebenzi yezandla yabantu bomdabu - amaNdiya.

isiphetho

Patagonia - lokhu kuyinto ekhoneni engavamile futhi olunothile kule planethi yethu. Sinzima futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ndawo enhle kakhulu. Zezihambeli ziyafika lapha ukuvakashela, "Fitzroy" National Park, ukubona ngamehlo abo yeqhwa ezinkulu Perito Moreno, kanye kobhukuda ngomkhumbi wokungcebeleka, becabanga amawa amahle amawa ezijulile.