Waba nayiphi indima iqoqo "Ukushintsha Izimpawu zokubekisa zase" emlandweni ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe elimhlophe?

Nendima eyadlalwa incwadi "Izimpawu zokubekisa zase Ukushintsha", abahlaziyi bemibhalo mlando ozama ukuthola kuze kube manje. yanyatheliswa kwaba isizathu uqhekeko kuleli ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe Russian kokufika kwegagasi lokuqala.

edition ngalendoda

Iqoqo yodumo inyatheliswa ngo-ePrague ngo-1921. Igama layo abhekisela edition efanayo "Intuthuko", okuyinto eyanyatheliswa abanegama we ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe Russian. Laba bantu, owayebalekele kombuso wamaSoviet , noma aphonswe phezu "isikebhe zefilosofi" babe nabaphikisi evuthayo amaBolshevik. Bazama ujike umbono womphakathi ngokumelene amaKhomanisi eYurophu.

Nokho, nakuba Izwe Elidala wayesanda lwaqala ukuya kude ngemiphumela kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Nakuba abantu abavela kwamanye amazwe futhi wayamukela ngemfudumalo ngosonhlamvukazi European, azinalo ithonya ekhethekile ku kwezombusazwe, abakwazanga babe.

Waba nayiphi indima iqoqo "Ukushintsha Izimpawu zokubekisa zase" mayelana nalo isimo lifiphele ye White ukunyakaza? Abalobi wayesehlasela bazonde namaSoviet elanqoba zefilosofi zezombusazwe izihloko zabo isayensi eyenziwe isikhundla pro-bolshevist. Lesi sinyathelo kwakushintsha emlandweni ngababaleki Russian eNtshonalanga.

izincwadi pro-Soviet

Nendima eyadlalwa incwadi "Izimpawu zokubekisa zase Ukushintsha", ungakwazi kalula elibonakala ukushicilelwa okwalandela wokusabela kusuka eMoscow. Kube ukumikisa ithuba ekuphikiseni abaphikisi babo - .. Monarchists, Republican, njll iqoqo ashicilelwe ngokushesha eSoviet Union, kunezinkulungwane zamakhophi abhalwe. Amaphephandaba ukusebenzisa baye bagcizelela iqiniso lokuthi ngisho ku ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe White ekugcineni neyaziwayo ukuhlulwa akukhona kuphela kodwa futhi okungalungile ngemibono.

Waba nayiphi indima iqoqo "Ukushintsha Izimpawu zokubekisa zase" abantu Russian e-Europe labo ababebalekele eParis, ePrague, Berlin kanye nemizi eMbusweni South lwamaSlav? Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela lwaqhekeka. monarchists okulondoloza nokushicilelwa disaffected yomkhankaso ze, okuyinto umkhankaso uhulumeni wamaSoviet, setha ukuzithiba inhlangano.

implacability

Ngokushesha umqondo intransigence. Lomgomo wayephikisa Smenovekhovtsy sekuvele futhi vozvraschenchestvu. Abalandeli bakhe abangaphakathi ayemelene nanoma iluphi uhlobo lokusetshenziswa ngokubambisana neNhlangano eSoviet Union. Akapholisanga maseko kwakuqala ukwanda phakathi monarchists, emthethweni kanye nezinye abathutha ukubukwa kude kwesokudla. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka lonke elite lokusinda ayengaphansi inkathi tsarist - izikhonzi, abaphathi, njll ...

Izinhlangano main, ukukhuthaza umqondo ka intransigence, baba Russian jikelele wezempi mbimbi Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia Kwamanye Amazwe. Inhloko EMRO eyaduma Jikelele uPyotr Wrangel, ubani kuze kube muva nje wayelwa ne Reds ngesikhathi kulwiwa. Nguye labetibambile eCrimea, kuyilapho wasuka ngokushesha asuswa kule emhlophe.

Umqondo Smenovekhovtsy

Umqondo Smenovekhovtsy ikakhulukazi isekelwe esimisweni lokushisekela ubuzwe. Ukuba Ngowenkolo ezweni bomdabu zomlando, ngokuvumelana eziyimiyalo baleli isimiso iyisici okukhethekile ukuze ulolonge zonke kuwukuphikisana nge lokuphikisana neziphathimandla zamaSoviet. Abaningi Russian wayefuna ngempela ukuya ekhaya, futhi musa baphile ukuphila kwabo eYurophu alien. Ngakho-ke Smenovekhovtsy, kanye umbono reverse intransigence, yasheshe yaba eningi abasekeli. Le nqubo kwadlanga kakhulu ngawo-1920 lapho, kwagqashuka impi phakathi Poland futhi likahulumeni waseSoviet (ngokomthetho, ukuHlangana ingakamiswa esungulwe).

bezingosi eziningana abavelele ziye zazibandakanya bakhuphule "Izimpawu zokubekisa zase Ukushintsha". Collection kuhlanganisiwe okubhaliwe Nikolaem Ustryalovym, Sergeem Chahotinym, Yuri Klyuchnikova futhi t. D. Omunye okwangempela salolu shicilelo liyincwadi "Empini-Russia", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1920. Kwakuwusuku izithelo emisebenzini Nikolaya Ustryalova, besahlala Harbin - umuzi omkhulu we ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe Russian eliseMpumalanga Ekude.

Ngokwesibonelo Brusylov

Uvele iqoqo izihloko lesibonwa "Ukushintsha Izimpawu zokubekisa zase" ngokuvamile ukuvusela izenzakalo ePoland. Impi ye-kuleli zwe nge-Russia kuye kwaholela kokugqashuka lokushisekela ubuzwe abathutha phesheya. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ingxabano ukuthi lumiswe eRiphabhulikhi Soviet njengoba ekuqaleni inguquko emhlabeni sezenhlalo okuhloswe ngaso lokushintsha onxiwankulu. Eqinisweni, uLenin kubhekwe Russia zithuthukisa ekunqotshweni emhlabeni. Wayenethemba lokuthi ukuze asekele sabasebenzi European, angesabi eyaphakama Izwe Elidala amaqembu lamaKhomanisi.

imibono leftist ka amaSoviet awuzange zaphazanyiswa abalobi bencwadi ethi "Ukushintsha Izimpawu zokubekisa zase". Ukuthi qhaza lini alibamba izifiki wokushisekela izwe? Iningi labo lalilisha abasekeli yeSoviet Union. Abalobi izincwadi wakhuthaza abafundi bakhe ukuba bayakhohlwa ukungezwani amaBolshevik ngesikhathi esigxotsheni kwaba isiphetho Russia uqobo.

Isibonelo oyinhloko kulo mkhankaso inkulumo-ze yaba edumile Jikelele Alexei Brusilov. Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, wayala omunye Western Front. ukuphumelela wakhe wodumo Tactical Galicia wabhubhisa ibutho Austria, futhi empeleni wenza Habsburg neseleko ezizodlala eJalimane.

Ngemva linemibhikisho ezimbili Brusilov (ngokungafani nezinye ojenene eziningi tsarist) wahlala ekhaya. Waze balwa ibutho laseSoviet. Lesi sibonelo kuningi Smenovekhovtsy kwaduma umbono eYurophu. Ukuvela ukunyakaza pro-Soviet ekudingisweni imvelo uluhlukanise kwaba amakamu amabili alwayo.