Uyini ukucabanga ezibukwayo?

Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi umqondo welithi "bheka" futhi 'simbone' kuphela ngokwengxenye lahlotshaniswa. Ochwepheshe bafakazela ukuthi ubuchopho babantu izinqubo ezimbili ezihlukene: owokuqala is closer kuze izitho zomzimba, wesibili ixhunyiwe nge ukwazi. Ngokwesibonelo, abanye abantu bangase babheke into efanayo, kodwa ukubona ngokuhlukile. Isibonelo elula umklami yezingane, kusukela lapho izingane zenza ezahlukene bobunjwa izithombe. Lokhu ikhono lokudala ukubona nje kuphela emehlweni kodwa futhi umcabango lithole definition ezifanele - ukucabanga ezibukwayo.

Kuyini lokhu?

Kuyinto isipho kokuzalwa ngoba umuntu ngamunye. Nokho, nge yobudala abanye abantu-ke singasalawuleki bese ephenduka ibe umsebenzi noma endleleni yazo yokuphila, kuyilapho abanye, kunalokho, imizwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene. I Psychology ukucabanga ebonwayo ubonakala ngendlela yokudala ukuxazulula ngesisekelo ukumodeliswa engokomfanekiso. Nge lesi simanga sihlangana nsuku zonke futhi yonke indawo, kusukela kuhanjiswa kwamacala abasebenzi ekwenzeni umdlalo we-chess.

Ukuvula Arnheim

Umqondo "ukucabanga ebonwayo" kungokwalabo wezifo American Rudolf Arnheim, usivule ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Ingqikithi yalo kwembula ngokucacile kakhulu isibonelo usosayensi, lapho laba bafana ucelwe ukuthi singakanani isikhathi kuyoba phakathi kwengxenye yehora, uma kuba 3:40 iwashi. wokuqala wenza ukubala zezibalo. Kwaphela imizuzu engu-40 yengezwe 30. Ukwazi ukuthi imizuzu engama-60 kuphela, ihora elilodwa, 10 okuholela imizuzu 70 sekudlule ihora elilandelayo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwavela 4:10. Umfana wesibili iphrezethe Ukudayela round, lapho isigamu sehora - umbuthano nengxenye. Wahumusha ngokwengqondo umcibisholo futhi walithola yi esifana esasisandulele.

Ngakho, umfana wokuqala axazulula inkinga ngokukhalipha, usebenzisa izinombolo kanye ilwazi leembalo, kanti eyesibili - zibukeke. Iphuzu elibalulekile lapha ukuthi akusho sifanekise imicabango kanye isebenze ngokwayo ibonakalisa umcabango ziye zasetshenziswa mBhalo.

Ukutadisha imininingwane yalolu hlelo, Arnheim ukucabanga ebonwayo zihlukaniswa ngokucacile kusukela evamile tibonwa (izithombe, izinto). Umehluko yabo amanga, ngokuvumelana usosayensi, kakhulu ubunjalo imihlola. Ngakho, ababekade akuyona yokwenziwa into-sithombe ne umkhiqizo womsebenzi ethile engqondweni, umhumushi kulimi isithombe ukuqonda ulimi, izenzo kanye nezokuxhumana yesithombe nezinye izinto. Kuyinto kulokhu kuma Kuvezwe Ukubamba Ngekhanda - ngekhanda ezisekelwe ekucabangeni ezibukwayo.

lesayensi nokuthuthuka

I unokuthile akucabangayo mayelana nokuthi imininingwane Ukucabanga ehlongozwayo ngu sokusebenza kwengqondo American, kwaqhubeka ezifundweni eziningi Ochwepheshe yesimanje futhi yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo ekuthuthukiseni izindlela ukuqeqeshwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa ngamakhono engqondo. Inani elikhulu imisebenzi enikelwe izinkinga esikoleni. Phela, ukwaziswa okufanayo amuncwa izingane ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ngakho-ke, omunye imisebenzi yothisha ukufundisa ingane ukucabanga ongaboni. Kulokhu akukho nje ngekhanda ezomile futhi akusizi ngalutho imithetho futhi imibhalo, ukwakheka ubuhlobo babo empeleni ezizungezile, ukuhlanganisa kanyekanye phakathi theory kanye umkhuba. Ngekhanda ezisekelwe ekucabangeni ezibukwayo kuyindlela ephumelelayo ukuqeqeshwa inkumbulo futhi ekuthuthukiseni bokusungula amakhono yokudala wengane.

ukuqeqeshwa

Njengoba singabona, ecabanga zibukeke akuyona hit. Le nqubo kulula ukuzivocavoca futhi ngcono, nenqwaba amaqhinga namasu yadalwa. Umuntu elula uthola Yiqiniso, esikoleni, iyavuleka ngobakhamuzi Ukubamba Ngekhanda. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho ngekhanda amazwi angaphandle esetshenziswa bavumelane Russian izwi-inhlangano. Noma uwuchaze umbhalo eziyinkimbinkimbi esetshenziswa ku izithombe ngokhiye lelandzisako izenzakalo. Sifundvo ngasinye has uhlelo ayo izinhlangano izithombe ezisiza ukugaya ulwazi.

I ezibukwayo ecabanga An indima ebalulekile udlalwa imicabango. Imizamo yokuqala at enembile e lasungulwa zithathwa ebuntwaneni, lapho izingane elele otshanini, uzama "wokufunda" amafu yinqaba. Imagination usiza embule ezihleli linezingxenye ubuchopho kanye ukudonsa kuzo, njengoba kubonakala efika kuqala, okungenangqondo kanye nezixazululo ezingalindelekile.

Lapho ukufunda ukucabanga ezibukwayo?

Namuhla akuyona isayensi noma endaweni yolwazi eyinkimbinkimbi. ayeba ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile amaseshini workshop lapho abantu nazane nge amasu eziyisisekelo, ne izifundo eziwusizo, ukushintshashintsha nakho nokufeza namanye amalungu emazweni amaningi. Nokho, abanye abantu bakhetha self-ucwaningo. Ngenxa yalokhu kukhona nezincwadi eziningi ezifanele, iziqondiso, alalelwayo izifundo.

Kuzothatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Udaba kwesikhathi incike yobudala kanye nezifiso ngabanye. Nokho, ukumuncwa amasu aphansi go ngokoqobo imizuzu, lonke kuyindaba ukuvama lo mkhuba.

Ochwepheshe batusa ukusetshenziswa amasu ukucabanga ebonwayo namanje eminyakeni zasenkulisa. Nokho, umuntu kufanele acabangele focus yenqubo. Lapho esemncane isetshenziselwa yokufunda eliphezulu nokusetshenziswa ukwanda izidingo ulwazi omdala futhi Awuboshezelwe umsebenzi engqondweni yethu.

amasu Roema

le ncwadi yabhalwa ngo-2011, "Indlela" ukuthengisa "imibono yabo ngosizo imidwebo." Labor kungokwalabo Dan Roemu - esikhulu Uchwepheshe yesimanje emkhakheni ukucabanga ezibukwayo. Namuhla uphokophele a yimpumelelo ezeluleka esisiza uxazulule izinkinga ebhizinisini ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso abavamile.

izindlela umbhali uhlola kanjani ikhono lethu lokucabanga ukuze ezibukwayo somuntu semvelo ukubona umqondo, kanjalo ukuthola phakathi kwabo imibono engase kungaqashelwa beze ngokomzwelo futhi benganelisekile. Leli khono kusiza ukubabona nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukisa futhi alethe abanye abantu, okungukuthi popularize.

umgomo

Dan Roem ukucabanga ebonwayo isebenzisa njengoba ithuluzi ukuxazulula ngokuphelele izinkinga. Kuze kube yimanje, ngokombono wakhe, badinga kuphela ukudweba (draw) umbuzo okuthakazelisayo usebenzisa iziphiwo zemvelo bemvelo: amehlo, izandla nemicabango. Kufanele ukuzibuza umbuzo jikelele: "Ngubani / lokho?", "Kuphi / Nini?" Futhi "Kungani / uhlulwa yini?" Sibalo okunjalo ngoba indoda iba uhlobo "ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi uhlelo" noma isu, okuvumela bona ahlule isimo bese uthola ngokushesha kakhulu ngendlela ephephile kuleyo nkinga noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuthola indlela emfushane futhi kuphumelele umgomo. Ngakho, umuntu kancane kancane ifunda ukuthola nokuhlunga imininingwane, ukukucabanga, ukwelekelela kanye ukukuchaza.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ikhono lokufunda indlela ukudweba kahle akudingekile. Ngoba isithombe isimo sintula isithombe lomqondo. Into esemqoka - it is a ngeso engqondo.

buka Sheremetyeva

A umbuzo ofanayo izwi lesinqumo ngempumelelo nezinkinga ludaluliwe futhi usosayensi Russian Konstantin Sheremetyevo, kwaphela iminyaka eminingi wahlanganyela esifundweni intelligence. Wakha training course ekhethekile ku isethi othize yokucabanga amathuluzi (reticles) evumela indlela yokudala kunoma yimuphi umuntu yenkinga ukuphila.

Umbhali inikeza ingqondo (noma engqondweni) efana uxhaxha nge iminyango eminingi. Lapho umuntu wenza ukukhetha, kwenza isinqumo esibalulekile, lisebenzisa ajwayelekile ukucabanga okunengqondo. Nokho, le ndlela akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi uzophumelela. Kuleso simo, likhona elinye - ukucabanga ezibukwayo. Sheremet'ev lilubiza ngokuthi esheshayo, ngoba ngemva kokubona umuntu uthola u-90% inani.

Lombhali amasu nezinhloso inkumbulo ukuqeqeshwa - ngekhanda okusheshayo ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso ebonwayo. Futhi kule nqubo ye ukutadisha umuntu ozuza amakhono wokubona hlela ukugeleza omkhulu kolwazi.

Izinzuzo ukucabanga ebonwayo

Phakathi izici olunikezwa ukucabanga ezibukwayo, ayinhloko kokuba:

• Ikhono ukubona isimo sisonke, evumela umuntu ukuba ngokushesha ukuthatha isinqumo esifanele.
• Ikhono khumbula ulwazi oluningi ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuhlaziya kanye ukuhlela ukulisebenzisa esizayo.
• Ikhono ukubona okushiwo inkinga, ukuhlunga idatha engadingeki.
• Visual ukucabanga kuyindlela ephumelelayo nolwazi jikelele.

Izinzuzo nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokusisebenzisa uyalandisa inqubo engqondo yalolu hlobo. Ngakho, Roem ukucabanga ebonwayo Kunconywa ukuba isetshenziswe kuzo zonke izimo: .. Commercial, zokuhlala, kwezemfundo, kwezobuciko, njll Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindlela zokuthwebula izithombe zokwelapha konga isikhathi namandla, okwenza le nqubo Ukukhetha kuyinto bezijabulisa futhi kujabulise.

ngokoqobo

Umkhuba ukucabanga ebonwayo kungaphansi kumuntu ngamunye yobudala bayazi. ukuthandwa Omkhulu ke uyawuthanda kubantu odala imibono. Phela, amagama asetshenzisiwe engenzima njalo ngokwanele.

Njengamanje, izinqubo zezemfundo ibhizinisi ngokwethukela kusetshenziswa nezethulo ikhompyutha. Asiza ukuze ubone ukuthi okwamanje, futhi "avuselele" ezingqondweni ulwazi olunikezwa ngamazwi. Kule isikhundla, njalo ezibukwayo abasebenzisi ukucabanga yilezi:

• Nabaphathi. nesikhundla esiphakeme kudinga indlela wemfanelo. ukucabanga Visual kulokhu kusiza ukuthola izixazululo kwesokudla futhi original, okusheshayo ukuba enze ukukhetha.
• abaphathi kanye consultants yebhizinisi eziphezulu. Abantu kulezi ubuchwepheshe kudingeka ukucubungula esiningi ulwazi, kahle aphendule noma yiziphi izinguquko, ukusebenza ngamandla, ngokushesha, ukunikela izixazululo ehlukile.
• Abasubathi. Abadlali, abadlali nawo wonke umuntu idinga amasu, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ukucabanga ezibukwayo, babikezele inkambo umdlalo.
• Architects nabaqambi. Ukuze abantu bakula ubuchwepheshe ukucabanga ebonwayo - ithuluzi ebaluleke kakhulu ukukhuluma ngomsebenzi ayidingeki.
• Othisha kanye nabafundisi bezikole zemfundo ephakeme. Ukuze emakilasini ukuqeqeshwa sessions kungukuthi yaphenduka ekusakazeni ezomile zamagama, lezi ochwepheshe ngokuvamile zisebenzisa izinsiza-kufundisa. Kodwa akulona nje izithombe agqamile visualizers okunenjongo akha izixhumanisi ezithile ulwazi.
• Kwengqondo. Yiqiniso, indlela ngokwengqondo akunakugwenywa ochwepheshe. Isikhathi esining impela uma isiguli kuboniswane wezengqondo ucela ngeso lengqondo inkinga, okungukuthi ukudala inhlangano. Kungaba isithombe abantu, noma izilwane, noma nje isihloko. Kuye lokhu, lo msila ukwazi ukuzihlanganisa neketanga okunomqondo imbangela nemphumela, okuyinto kuyasiza ukuqonda inkinga sithole nesisombululo.

Imiphumela

ithonya elingenakuqhathaniswa ngokukhula kwezingane. Visual ukucabanga, ngokubona othisha, kanye logic kumele sisebenze khona eluhlelweni lwekufundza nekutsi ulwazi oluthuthukayo lomhlaba kanye kusetshenziswe izinsiza-kufundisa ekilasini ukuthuthukisa ukufunda. Le ndlela kusiza kakhulu umsebenzi, ngokugxila abafundi ngale ndaba, igcina isithakazelo. Ezemfundo eyeka ukuba 'ayizimpumputhe "ngekhanda bese ephenduka ibe ukucwiliswa okuthakazelisayo isihloko kanye nokwenziwa okusheshayo kolwazi.

Emkhakheni wezingalo ibhizinisi, uRoy ukucabanga ebonwayo evame ukubizwa ngokuthi ithuluzi esiyinhloko ukudalwa imibono. Ngenxa uhlelo elula ukudweba isimo, izinkinga isixazululekile ngokushesha futhi ngezinye izikhathi kungalindelekile lula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela kuyasiza lula umsebenzi, it is ngokucacile ebekwe futhi ukuxhumana izilaleli. Ngakho, umyalo iqala ukuba sicabange futhi senze luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa, ngaphandle ingxabano noma ukudideka izenzakalo ezibangela amahloni ezenzeka.