Utamatisi Izipho Zavolzhja: izithombe, incazelo ezihlukahlukene, ukubuyekezwa

Kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningi ezehlukene notamatisi. Ahluke izindlela kulinywe, aphoyintimenti. Ngokuvamile, abalimi sikhule utamatisi injongo jikelele. Esinye salezo utamatisi Zavolzhja izipho. Kunconywa ukuba sikhule endle. Imiphumela emihle ibonisa sesitshalo lapho esekhulile greenhouse ngaphansi izindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana ifilimu.

izifunda ezikhulayo

Izinhlobonhlobo laliqongelelwe abalimi laseNyakatho eCaucasus Federal District ku-GNU Volgograd esiteshini zokuhlola VNIIR kubo. Vavilov RAAS. Ngo-1992 Izipho utamatisi Zavolzhja evunyiwe ngokusemthethweni futhi wangena ku-Register State.

Izinhlobonhlobo iyindawo ekahle kakhulu yokutshala e Vologda, ezimaphakathi, kanye eNorth Caucasus Federal District. It esekhulile kwezinye izifunda yezwe ngempumelelo.

incazelo

Utamatisi Okunhlobonhlobo Zavolzhja izipho siphathelene ezahlukene umbala izitshalo determinant (80 cm), inkathi isilinganiso yokuvuthwa (izinsuku ezingu 105). With ukuthuthukiswa izitshalo akudingeki ukususa engxenyeni engenhla ukuze kukhawulwe ukukhula. Futhi, ungachithi pasynkovaniya: ngokwayo ehlathini ulawula ukuthuthukiswa yayo.

Isiqu utamatisi awugqinsi, lezihlahla luningi. enosayizi omaphakathi ishidi, esishwabene, ngaphandle ukweqiwa, ukukhanya nombala oluhlaza.

Rhizome enamandla, ezikhulayo kuze kube yingxenye ububanzi ngaphandle anemifantu.

On the ibhulashi Kumiswa zezithelo 6-8, cishe sasiyikhulu namashumi amagremu isisindo. Sinenkosi simise kancane bawenze isicaba bushelelezi. Lapho sesivuthiwe, ekubeni umbala owolintshi-bomvu. Amakamelo uginindela amamaki imbewu obukhulu 3 kuya ku-6.

Utamatisi Izipho Zavolzhja abe uya khona yokudlela. Kulawa, lungiselela amasaladi, okusemathinini, juice ukwenziwa.

Izinhlobonhlobo idume ezinzile isivuno eliphezulu. Ngo izimo ezikahle, isitshalo esisodwa kungaba babuthane amakhilogremu eziyisikhombisa noma ngaphezulu izithelo. Ngaphansi isimo sezulu esibi, utamatisi Izipho Zavolzhja elisinikezayo ezintathu amakhilogremu sokuvuna.

Izici izinhlobo

Izici ezikhethekile zihlanganisa izinhlobo:

1. kumiswa Uniform izithelo esandleni. Zonke amaqanda 6 noma 8 yakha izithelo bushelelezi, cishe usayizi ofanayo.
2. Lapho kutshalwe izithombo avele ndawonye.
3. Utamatisi uvuthwe ngesikhathi esifanayo.
4. Lapho overripening izithelo ufa eside.

Naphezu zako, lesi sitshalo unobuthakathaka. Lokhu kwemifantu izithelo ngesikhathi okungazelelwe lehla imini nobusuku okushisa, futhi ekupheleni ehlathini nge nokuncipha lokushisa ukukhula nsuku zonke.

imbewu

Bala isikhathi imbewu zokutshala izithombo kufanele inikwe isikhathi, lapho kuhlelwe ukuba batshale isitshalo. Ngokwesibonelo, uma uhlela zitshala i-Mayan kuqala, bese seeding Kunconywa ekuqaleni kukaMashi.

Ngokusho incazelo utamatisi Izipho Zavolzhja kudingeka ehlwanyela, inhlabathi evundile okuxekethile aze aphakame cishe amabili ngamasentimitha ukujula. Lapho ayihlwanyelayo silondoloze ibanga 3 cm.

Ngemva kokuhlwanyela inhlabathi amanzi elachitheka efudumele. Iziqukathi izitshalo ukunikeza ibala elikhanyayo ne lokushisa hhayi ngaphansi kuka 23 degrees. Ngemva kwesonto, amahlumela zokuqala ukuvela.

Lapho ezimbili real amahlamvu izithombo ugxumele ahlukene esitsheni ivolumu mayelana 300 ml. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-izinsuku ezingu-60 utamatisi utshalwe endaweni unomphela.

Uma izithombo ngeke itshalwe ekhanyayo, elilungile zokutshala isikhathi kungukuqala Mashi. Uma ukutshala igesi qeda kulindeleke ngasekupheleni May - ekuqaleni kuka June, kufanele ubambe izitshalo ekupheleni kukaMashi. Lapho ekhula utamatisi in zokugcina isikhathi kungenziwa kushintshile. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho zitshala ngo-Ephreli izitshalo izithombo wenziwa ngo-February.

ukunakekela izitshalo

Utamatisi ikhula engcono ezingeni lokushisa hhayi ngaphansana 22 degrees, futhi sekuqala ukufudumala umhlaba hhayi ngaphansi kuka 18. Uma isikhathi transplanting imini nobusuku izinga lokushisa lehla ngezansi, lesi sitshalo wehlisa ukuthuthukiswa yabo futhi kungaba ayeke ngokuphelele ukukhula.

Emazingeni ngezansi degrees 16 isitshalo iqala ukuhlolwa phosphorus indlala. Uma engayitholi enganele kwalesi sakhi kuba izithelo ezimbi. Anqume ukuntula phosphorus singaba Umbala onsomi stem.

On lokufa Zavolzhja Uphatha kabi futhi ngokweqile kanye nokuntuleka umswakama. Lapho umswakama umhlabathi ngenhla 70% KWAMAGUNDANE isitshalo bola, Phytophthora. Uma nomswakama ingaphansi 60, isihlahla uzofa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamanzi. Kubhekwe le, izinga kahle umswakama ubhekwa 60-70%. Kubaluleke ngokukhethekile ukuba ahlale enezinga umswakama ngesikhathi izithelo isethi. Ngo nesomiso kuyasiza fafaza izitshalo kusukela isibhamu spray.

top-sigqoka

Kunconywa ukuthuthukiswa efanele zalesi sihlahla okungenani ezintathu efaka umquba ngemva zitshala endaweni unomphela. Okokuqala labetibambile ngokushesha ngesikhathi kokwehla. Ngo okutshalwe imbobo engeza elimbudumbudu of ammonium nitrate, superphosphate, umanyolo Umanyolo futhi ixubene inhlabathi, utamatisi etshalwe.

A yokudla sesibili Kwenziwa ngesikhathi kumiswa izithelo. Kuleli qophelo, lesi sitshalo udinga ezihlukahlukene izakhi mkhondo, amavithamini. Ukuze wenze ngenxa yokuntuleka, kutuswa ukuba zalisa isitshalo umquba yezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi. Uma kwakheka isihlahla by eziningi ezikhiqiza amaqanda, bese bachithe amasonto amabili kabusha yokudla.

Zavolzhja izipho ayikwazi zalisa nge umquba fresh. Iqukethe semali nitrogen, egqugquzela ukusebenza ekukhuleni kwezimila. Ngenxa yalokho, eziqongweni uyoba mkhulu, futhi izithelo kuyoba ezincane (isitshalo uzochitha zonke izimpi zawo ukuba uhlaza). Lapho ngokweqile nitrogen azibeka utamatisi izithelo ibhulashi.

Izibuyekezo

Ngokusho ukubuyekezwa, utamatisi Izipho Zavolzhja abakulungele ukuzivumelanisa nesimo izinhlobo ukuthi izinze kuwo wonke izithelo sezulu. Lesi simila kuyehluka kuneminye izinhlobonhlobo lula anakekele.

Lesi sitshalo akuyona hybrid, amaholide eziningi nge wakhe imbewu siqu kuvuna yokutshala ngonyaka ozayo.

Ngokwe-zithombe, ukubuyekezwa utamatisi Dar Zavolzhja tselnoplodnogo ekahle ukuwafaka. Utamatisi Ihambe esiphundu, enhle. Lapho kushisa ukuwafaka abazi wavele ikhasi.

Izithelo uvuthwe izinsuku 100-110 emva ukuhluma. On the ibhulashi Kumiswa utamatisi okungenani ezinhlanu. Zavolzhja izipho zinezikhathi wobungani sokuvuna umthelela.

Lapho utamatisi ezivuthiwe abe umbala owolintshi-bomvu.

Njengoba singabona kule sithombe, utamatisi Zavolzhja Izipho zinhle ezihlabayo ezinamandla. Ngakho akudingeki liphuke hhayi aphule ngaphansi Isisindo izithelo, kubalulekile ukuba afeze okuhlanganisa sezihlahla. Uma kungenjalo, lesi sitshalo kuyoba ngokohlelo lweSitatimende izithelo umhlaba. Lokhu kuyoholela ekubhujisweni okusheshayo utamatisi Phytophthora namanye izifo fungal.

Izifo kanye izinambuzane

Ngokunakekela efanele simila akuvamile kuthinte isifo. Nokho, ngezinye nomswakama eliphezulu futhi ngaphandle utamatisi okuhlanganisa okungenzeka bahlukunyezwe Phytophthora, rots.

Plant izinambuzane kokulimaza yizimbuzane, aphid. Nabo, ungakwazi ukulwa ne izidakamizwa ezahlukene ahlinzekwa ezitolo suburban.

yi

Ukwehlukahluka kwezimangaliso zizalela yasekhaya kubhekwa omunye the best-non-hybrid abameleli Solanaceae. Lokhu kunikeza kwezitshalo utamatisi, ngisho nonyaka omubi. Kodwa ngokunakekela futhi zisekela izimo zezulu efanele komunye isitshalo angakhiqiza mayelana eziyisikhombisa khilogremu ezihlwabusayo, utamatisi enhle.