Usuku lokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi: incazelo nomlando

Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye eyedlule, njalo ngonyaka ngo-Ephreli 28, iWorld Day for Safety and Health at Work igujwa. Ngesinye isikhathi, i-International Organization for Occupational Safety yanquma ukunaka le nkinga. Phela, inani lokufa nokulimala kwabasebenzi endaweni yokusebenza landa njalo ngonyaka.

I-Russia, ngeshwa, akuyona into ehlukile kulokhu. Ezweni lakithi, ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi kunomlando omude. Kwaqala ngoMbuso WaseRussia, ekupheleni kuka-1882. Kwakuyilapho ukuhlolwa kwefektri kudalwe, umsebenzi oyinhloko, okungaphezu kokuqapha, kwakuwukuqapha abaqashi - ukuhambisana nayo yonke imithetho yokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi. Izingane nezingane ezisencane, okwakuyiminyaka eminingi kulezi zimboni, zanikwa ukunakwa okukhethekile. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nanye emva kwalokho, ngo-1903, imithetho yabekwa ukuba isinxephezelo kulabo basebenzi abahluphekile emsebenzini. Uma kwenzeka ukushona kwesisebenzi, isinxephezelo sikhokhelwa kuhlobo lwakhe olulandelayo.

Umlando weholide ngokwalo, obizwa ngokuthi uSuku Lokuvikelwa Komsebenzi, waqala e-USA naseCanada. Ngo-1989, izinyunyana zabasebenzi zala mazwe zahlela "iSikhumbuzo Sabantu abalahlekile". Ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi nje kuphela, amazwe angaphezu kwekhulu emhlabeni adlulise lolu phiko futhi abe yizo zonke izinhlobo zezindlela ezisemthethweni zokubheka izintatheli ezinkingeni ezinjengokuvikela abasebenzi. Futhi ekugcineni, leli holide laligujwa ngaphansi kwegama layo lanamuhla - Usuku Lokuvikela Abasebenzi. Ngako-ke, emave lamanyenti asebentise sikhatsi lesingenako le nkinga. Idatha ehlinzekwe yi-International Labor Organization iyamangalisa: cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane eziyisithupha emhlabeni bafa nsuku zonke emsebenzini! Futhi lesi sibalo sanda njalo ngonyaka ngo-10%. Konke lokhu kufa kuhlobene kakhulu nokulondolozwa kwemishini yokuphepha, ngakho-ke umqashi unciphisa inani lemakethe yomkhiqizo, okubonakala kubaluleke kakhulu kuye. Inkulumo ephazamisayo mayelana nokungaqiniseki kwezifo zomsebenzi kufanele isuswe kulesi sichazamazwi sabaqashi ngokukodwa.

ILO ngokwayo - umsunguli weliholide njengeSuku Lwabasebenzi Lwamanye amazwe, lakhiwa ukuhlukaniswa kwesakhiwo se-League of Nations ku-1919. Izishoshovu zale nhlangano zaziyi-Social Democrats yaseMelika naseYurophu. Umqulu wayo wasungulwa yiKhomishana yeNgqungquthela Yokuthula. Lo mqulu wawufakwe eSivumelwaneni saseVersailles.

Namuhla, amazwe angaphezu kwekhulu aphethe imibuthano, ukuhamba, izenzo ekusekeleni abasebenzi, hhayi kuphela ngosuku lwezokuphepha emsebenzini. Amabhizinisi amaningi nezinhlangano eRussia zisekela ngokugcwele izenzakalo ezinjalo.

ILO ibeka idatha enjalo yokudumaza: njalo ngonyaka, ngenxa yengozi nezifo ezibangelwa imisebenzi yobuchwepheshe, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili bafa emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abangu-270 babhekene nokuhlukunyezwa emsebenzini. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-160 babhaliswe ngezizathu zezokwelapha ngenxa yezifo zomsebenzi. Izingozi ezingaba ngu-600,000 zezimboni zibhaliswe kuphela emazweni e-CIS. Lezi zibalo ezibucayi kufanele zenze bonke abaqashi bacabange mayelana nokuhlelwa kwezimo zokusebenza, nokuthi ukuphepha esisebenzini kumele kuqala. Awukwazi ukulondoloza ngokuvikeleka, akumukeleki. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi lapho ochwepheshe bezinsizakalo zamazwe ngamazwe baqinisa ukunakekelwa kwabaqashi.

ILO ithi i-4% ye-GDP yomhlaba ilahlekile ngokuqondile ngenxa yesimo sengqondo sokungabi negunya sabaqashi ezimweni zokusebenza ezidalwe endaweni yokusebenzela. Futhi kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi ukufa okubangelwa izingozi kanye nezifo zomsebenzi akufanele kube "izindleko zomsebenzi". Futhi Usuku Lokuvikelwa Kwezabasebenzi yisizathu esengeziwe sokucabanga ngokuphepha kwabasebenzi emsebenzini.