Ingqikithi inkinga nezindlela zokuxazulula "North - South"

Namuhla, kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili kube nenkinga, ngaphandle okuyinto ukunyakaza eminye okuqhubekayo lwesintu akunakwenzeka. Umnotho livela kuphela ingxenye umsebenzi womuntu, kodwa ngokuvamile kuba kusukela ukuthuthukiswa yayo ekhulwini lama-21 kuncike kulondolozwe ukuthula, nemvelo kanye imvelo ophilayo zabantu, kanye izimiso zenkolo, ifilosofi, zokuziphatha. Ikakhulukazi ukubaluleka izinkinga global ikhuphukile engxenyeni kwekhulu leminyaka lama-20 yesibili, lapho eqala kakhulu ezithinta isakhiwo zezwe futhi umnotho kazwelonke.

division indawo

Ngaphambi kokukhuluma umnyombo wenkinga, "eNyakatho - South", ngeke ukhulume kumiswa ubudlelwane kwezomnotho okwenzeka emhlabeni wonke. Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-20th sisonke emnothweni wezwe selenzeka, njengoba amazwe amaningi emhlabeni babehileleke ubuhlobo ukuhweba. division Wendawo yalesi sikhathi iphelile, futhi kwamiswa izigxobo ezimbili: emazweni anezimboni kanye amakoloni zabo - izinto zokusetshenziswa futhi ezihlobene wezolimo. Lesi sakamuva babehileleke division ngamazwe zomsebenzi, eside ngaphambi kokuba kubuse ezimakethe ezweni lonke kuyo. Okungukuthi iqhaza kwamaZwe kwezomnotho kulawo mazwe Sasingekho isidingo entfutfukweni yabo, futhi umkhiqizo ukunwetshwa uthi athuthukile ngokuphakeme ezimbonini. Ngisho ngemva kokuzuza ngokuzijamela zamazwe ayengaphansi ngaleyo ndlela umnotho wezwe, kwakhiwa, has iminyaka eminingi ukuba balondoloze ubuhlobo isikhungo-azungeze. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho kuvela inkinga ka "North - South", wabeletha ukungqubuzana zamanje zembulunga yonke.

imiqondo eyisisekelo

Ngakho, njengoba wazi, ukubambisana kwezomnotho eenarheni ezithuthukako wekutfutfukisa yayisekelwe hhayi i nokuwumisa alinganayo. Ingqikithi le nkinga yembulunga yonke ka "North - South" yangempela yokuthi a uthi emuva nezokulima liyingozi kwi, yesifunda, amazinga inter-zesifunda sendawo, futhi ngokuvamile i-isimiso sezomnotho somhlaba wonke. emazweni asathuthuka ingxenye umnotho womhlaba, kanjalo, izinkinga zabo zezombangazwe zezomnotho nezenhlalo nakanjani ukuzibonakalisa kakade wabonakaliswa olubonakalayo. Phakathi ubufakazi ethize ingashiwo, isibonelo, emikhulu ophoqelelwe ukufuduka in amazwe athuthukile, ukusabalala kwezifo ezithathelwanayo emhlabeni, kokubili entsha nalabo kakade babhekwa wanqoba. Yingakho le nkinga yembulunga yonke ka "North - South" manje ubhekwa njengomunye ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Ukuze igebe ezingeni intuthuko yezomnotho kanye neyenhlalo yomphakathi phakathi kwamazwe asethuthukile namazwe asathuthuka, lona wamuva manje afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye kusukela kuqala zonke izinhlobo ezivuna, kubandakanya nasekuqiniseni dolobha ziyamaniswa nokungangeni nolwazi (ngokuvamile ngesimo usizo), ngcono ukufinyelela izimpahla zabo izimakethe emazweni athuthukile, izimboni, ukudamba kwesikolodo nokunye.

Yamazwe ngamazwe ukuze kwezomnotho

Inkinga "North - South" emhlabeni nicabanga engxenyeni sixties kwekhulu lama-20 yesibili, lapho kwaba negagasi enkulu decolonization, umqondo zohlelo olusha lomhlaba wonke kwezomnotho yasungulwa walithatha towards amazwe asathuthuka kwalophiko. Umqondo ukhiye umqondo okulandelako:

• Okokuqala, ukudala emazweni emuva athole ukuphathwa ngendlela ehlukile ukuze bahlanganyele ngamazwe ubudlelwane kwezomnotho ;
• kanti okwesibili, ukuba asize amazwe asathuthuka nsuku nkomoni oqine eliningi ezihambisana isikali kwezinkinga zezomnotho nezenhlalo yale mibuso, kanye ukudambisa izikweletu zabo umthwalo.

Ngakho amazwe nezokulima uzwakalise ukunganeliseki kwabo ohlelweni ukuhweba ngamazwe, lapho izimali ukuthekelisa kwezimpahla kusetshenzwe lalilikhulu (ngenxa yokuba khona kule mikhiqizo high value-added) ngaphandle inzuzo kusukela ukuthekelisa of izinto zokusetshenziswa. Amazwe asathuthuka bahlathulula lesi simo njengoba kubonisa exchange ukungalingani. Isinqumo amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu izinkinga bebona wonke ekuhlinzekweni kwezinhlelo usizo emazweni asethuthukile e amanani anele, futhi lo mbono kwakuhlobene ngqo nemiphumela zezomnotho nezenhlalo kwesikhathi abaphathi bamakoloni benesibopho lezi imiphumela yangaphambili kwemibuso yamakoloni.

Isiphetho ukunyakaza

Maphakathi nawo-Eighties kwekhulu lama-20 le nhlangano ukuze kusungulwe i-oda entsha kwezomnotho kuye ukuba ngconywana. Ngokwesibonelo, uthi nezokulima engimamukele phezu kwemithombo yemvelo kazwelonke futhi izuzwe nobukhosi bawo, kwathiwa ezihlukile kwezisemthethweni ukuthi ezimweni ezithile, isibonelo, esimweni amandla, sanikela ekwandeni emaveni lasatfutfuka yokuthekelisa izimali. Ngokuphathelene kuyi- "North - South" ngokuvamile, ke ephethwe kuzuzwe imiphumela emihle. Ngakho, eye wenziwa buthakathaka kobukhulu izinkinga izikweletu, ukwandisa imithombo usizo amazwe ekuthuthukiseni lesi isho, ivume isimiso yenchubomgomo umahluko ukulawulwa izikweletu zangaphandle ezingeni likazwelonke, kuncike lengenako GNI.

Izizathu kokunqotshwa

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo izinto ezinhle, ne isikhathi ukunyakaza aqala ukuphelelwa izikhundla, kanye ekupheleni Eighties bese zilinda ngokuphelele khona. Izizathu zalokhu bungabonakala eningi, kodwa yiwo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Eyokuqala - lube buthaka abalulekile ubunye ngokwabo uthi emuva ekuvikeleni izimangalo zabo ukuthi baye babangela ukuba kwamangqamuzana okusheshayo nokuhlukaniswa subgroups ezifana amazwe uwoyela-timbiwa, amazwe asanda anezimboni.
• Esesibili - Ukuwohloka emazweni asathuthuka sizongena izikhundla: lapho amazwe athuthukile Ufake esigabeni post-zezimboni, kakhulu ayisesemikhulu ithuba ukusebenzisa njengephuzu lokuphikisa endleleni yokuxazulula le nkinga ye "North - South" lezimpahla isici.

Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela ukusungulwa oda entsha kwezomnotho ngenxa kuhlulekile, kodwa kuwukuphikisana global wahlala.

Ukuxazulula inkinga "North - South"

Okwamanje, kunezindlela ezintathu ukuba akwazi ukunqoba izingqinamba Ukungadli ubudlelwano kwezomnotho phakathi asathuthuka namazwe athuthukile ukuphi. Sichaza ngamunye kubo ngokuningiliziwe.

1. indlela ovulekile

Abalandeli bakhe bakholelwa ukuthi ukuze anqobe le backwardness uthathe indawo bo fanele izwe kwezolimo kuvimbela ukungakwazi ukuba bamukele division yesimanje ngamazwe zomsebenzi e mshini emakethe e-nomnotho wamazwe. Ngokwe Liberals, ukuthuthukisa States kumele zithobele inqubomgomo ukuxegiswa kwezomnotho, ukusimama komnotho omkhulu, azimele kwempahla isimo. Ngale ndlela yokuxazulula le nkinga ye "North - South" kule minyaka eyishumi eyedlule, ivele izingxoxo kubasekeli zezikhonzi angaphandle izikhundla inqwaba amazwe athuthukile bha.

2. Indlela antiglobalistskoj

Amalungu ayo babambelele embonweni wokuthi uhlelo of ubudlelwano zomnotho emhlabeni wanamuhla ukungalingani, futhi umnotho womhlaba ngezinga elikhulu ilawulwa monopolies ngamazwe, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukukhipha yokuthi North South. Anti-globalists, bethi emazweni asethuthukile ukufuna ngamabomu amanani impahla eluhlaza aye ancipha, nakuba ngaleyo ndlela yokugcizelela ukubaluleka izimpahla kusetshenzwe, kudingeka kakhulu ubukeza lonke uhlelo of ubudlelwano kwezomnotho emhlabeni ngokulandelana volitional esivuna emazweni asathuthuka. Ngamanye amazwi, e ngezimo esiphila kuzo benza i abalandeli ultra-olukhulu nomqondo zohlelo olusha lomhlaba wonke kwezomnotho.

3. structuralist indlela

Abalandeli bakhe abangaphakathi uyavuma ukuthi irherho elihle letjhebiswano yomnotho womhlaba, ongagcini ngaleso sikhathi, siyingozi ngoba asathuthuka nobunzima obukhulu. Nokho, ngokungafani abasekeli indlela anti-kwembulunga yonke, bayaqaphela ukuthi ukushintsha isikhundla lala mazwe division ngamazwe zomsebenzi ngeke zisebenze ngaphandle kwekuhlela kabusha ezihlelekile uthi nezokulima ngokwabo, ukuthuthukisa ekukwazini kwabo ukuncintisana, ukunikeza diversification imikhakha ka nomnotho wamazwe. Ngokombono wabo, isimiso samanje ubudlelwane kwezomnotho kufanele abashintshile, kodwa ngendlela yokuthi nokulungiswa kukhona kusiza kwekuhlela kabusha emazweni asathuthuka.

Ngesikhathi izinkulumo abasekeli le ndlela bagcizelele ukuthi le nkinga yembulunga yonke ka "North - South" zingaxazululwa, uma amazwe athuthukile ngeke icabange nobunzima inhloso kanye izici zokukhula komnotho emazweni asathuthuka ukwandisa izintandokazi ukuhweba ngabo. Isimo samanje kuba esinokulinganisela uya abaziwayo nasezincwadini ihlobenenamanye ke amathemba yokuxazulula le nkinga iyabheda of ubudlelwano phakathi kweNyakatho neNingizimu.