Ushintsho entropy

Entropy ngumqondo owethulwa ngokusemthethweni ngo-wokushintsha kwamandla nokwakheka kwezinto. Ukusebenzisa lesi silinganiso kunqunywa isilinganiso amandla ukuhlakazwa. Noma yiluphi uhlelo ihlangabezana ngxabano ukuthi kwenzeka phakathi nokushisa amandla emkhakheni. Ukwanda lokushisa kuholela ehle degree of nokulandelanisa. Ukuze sithole elithile ukudideka kanye nobungako yethulwa ngokuthi entropy. It ephawula exchange of energy notshwala kokubili izinhlelo avaliwe futhi evulekile.

Ushintsho entropy ezifundeni angawodwa kwenzeka bebheke okwandisa kanye ukukhula ukushisa. Khulisa inani layo, lokhu isilinganiso ngalesi sifo ifinyelela isimo libhekene yakhoibrium thermodynamic, okungukufa kunezinxushunxushu kakhulu.

Uma uhlelo ivuliwe futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo-non-yakhoibrium, ushintsho entropy iwukuba Yini embi ngalo. Ubukhulu lokhu isilinganiso kule samuntu libhekene izimangalo. Ukuze uthole summation lamanani ezimbili:
- entropy ecucuza ezenzeka ngenxa yokushisa exchange kanye izinto kusukela imvelo yangaphandle;
- inani ushintsho inkomba ukunyakaza kunezinxushunxushu ngaphakathi ohlelweni.

ushintsho entropy kwenzeka kunoma iyiphi imvelo lapho ukugeleza yemvelo, zamakhemikhali ngokomzimba izinqubo. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa yaqaphela ngesivinini ethile. Ushintsho entropy kungase kube inani - kulokhu kukhona inflow we inkomba ohlelweni kusuka imvelo bangaphandle. Kungase kube Ezimweni lapho ukubaluleka ebonisa ushintsho entropy kuchazwa nge "lokususa". Lokhu value kwamanani kubonisa outflow ka entropy. Uhlelo ingahle isimo engaguquki. Esimweni esinjalo lemali ekhiqizwa incephezeliswa i outflow ka entropy Inkomba. Isibonelo salokhu isimo isimo a eziphilayo. Kuyinto okungenakho ukulinganisela, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo unaphakade. Noma yimuphi umzimba unikina entropy kokuba value engakhi imvelo yayo. Ukuba Wedwa disorder izinyathelo zayo kungenzeka kwedlule ngisho ukubaluleka wathola.

ukukhiqizwa Entropy kwenzeka kunoma iziphi izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Phakathi kwemvelo, ulwazi kushintshwa phakathi kwazo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho amanzi iyasha, walahlekelwa ulwazi ilungiselelo kwezendawo molecule ayo. Kukhona inqubo okwandisa entropy. Uma uketshezi simisiwe, ukungaqiniseki indawo incipha molecule. Kulokhu, lo entropy incipha. Ukubandisa ketshezi kubangela ukwehla bamandla alo angaphakathi. Nokho, uma izinga lokushisa ifinyelela inani elithile, naphezu ukususwa ukushisa kusukela lokushisa amanzi mabhodi ehlala zinjalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ushintsho iqala ukuba crystallize. Ushintsho entropy yenqubo isothermal yalolu hlobo kuhambisana ukwehla randomness Inkomba izinyathelo uhlelo.

Indlela ezingokoqobo ukuze ulinganise lokushisa nokushisa Fusion into, ophethe umsebenzi, umphumela okuyinto - ukwakhiwa solidification idayagramu. Ngamanye amazwi, ngokusekelwe idatha etholwe kusukela izifundo kungaba ukudweba ijika okhombisa ukwencika lokushisa impahla ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Imibandela zangaphandle kumele kube okufanayo. Anqume ushintsho entropy kungenzeka by idatha kucutshungulwa Imiphumela ecacile isilingo. Ngezinye Curves ezinjalo uhlale endaweni lapho umugqa ovundlile isikhawu. Amazinga elihambisana le ngxenye, iyona lokushisa solidification.

Ukushintsha iyiphi into ephelezelwa ushintsho kusuka esiqinile uketshezi ngesikhathi lokushisa imvelo yayo, ilingana izinga lokushisa ukuncibilika, futhi okuphambene nalokho, faka isigaba ushintsho uhlobo lokuqala. Lokhu kushintsha kwabantu ohlelweni, yayo amandla yangaphakathi futhi entropy.