Uphi uMfula waseMezen: umthombo, ama-tributaries, ama-flora nezilwane

Umfula waseMezen ungowokungcebeleka koLwandle OluMhlophe. Ubude bomfula, obuhambisa amanzi ayo eMezenskaya Bay, bufinyelela amakhilomitha angu-966. Lokhu kwenza kube ngumgwaqo omude kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo zonke izikebhe zamanzi ezigeleza kuLwandle OluMhlophe. EYurophu yaseYurophu yaseRussia, yona, kanye nePechora neNyakatho Dvina, ingeyemifula emikhulu. Ukuqhathaniswa kwalo kutholakala ukuthi ekufinyeleleni okuphezulu futhi eduze nendawo ephakathi iMezen igeleza eningizimu, futhi kuphela esifundazweni sase-Arkhangelsk siphendukela futhi sigijimela eLwandle OluMhlophe.

Ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleka kukhona ukudoba nokuzingela njalo

Mayelana nobukhulu obumangalisayo uthi indawo yomfula, elingana namakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingu-78,000. I-Mezen igeleza ngaphesheya kwesifunda se-Arkhangelsk ne-Komi Republic, endaweni engaphansi kakhulu ehlala kuyo emithambekeni yaseTiman Ridge, endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angu-370 ngaphezu kolwandle, phakathi kwamanzi namatshe edwaleni laseChetlas, ngumthombo weMfula iMezen. Uma sicabanga ukuphakama kwedonsa eliphelele (370 m) nobude, kungashiwo ukuthi umthamo womfula u-0.383%. Igama lale migwaqo engenamanzi ayinalo ukuhlukahluka okuningi okuvela emlonyeni we-Finno-Ugric elihunyushwa njengendawo yokudoba okuphumelelayo nokudoba.

Izindawo ezinzima ukufinyelela

Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, insimu lapho uMfula uMezen ogeleza khona wawungekho muntu ezikhathini zasendulo. Futhi banabantu abaningi namuhla - izindawo zokuhlala zivele lapha kuphela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-14. Owokuqala umzana waseLampozhnya, njengengqikithi yokuhweba "nge-the-stone" (kusukela emgodini wasePechora "ngetshe", okungukuthi, iMountains Mountains) ukuya eSiberia. Futhi lokhu akuchazwa nje kuphela ngesimo sezulu esinamandla esingasenyakatho, kepha kunalokho ngokuthi indawo yomfula, njengokungathi, ivinjelwe emhlabeni wonke yiNorthern Dvina enamandla kusukela entshonalanga, futhi kusukela eningizimu yi-tributary yayo enkulu kunazo zonke - iVichegda. Ezindaweni eziningi ezincane ezisuka emthonjeni kuya emlonyeni, amadolobha ase-Usogorsk naseMezen, kanye nomzana waseLeshukonskoe, aphansi kakhulu.

Izindlela zomlayezo

Izindlela zokuxhumana nalesi sifundazwe, kanye naphakathi kwezindawo zokuhlala, shiya okuningi okudingeka uzifake. Kwaze kwaba edolobheni lase-Usogorsk kusukela emgwaqeni omkhulu waseKotlas-Vorkuta ubeka umzila wesitimela. Umfula waseMezen uqobo ungangenawo wonke umjikelezo wayo, futhi isayithi elisuka edolobhaneni laseKoslan ukuya emzaneni waseBelyi Nos ifakwe ohlwini lwamanzi omgwaqo wezwe. Emfuleni nasezintabeni zayo kukhona amandla amakhulu, kodwa angenawo wonke umkhumbi wokuhamba ngesikebhe. Bayeka umsebenzi wabo isikhathi eside kakhulu sonyaka, ikakhulukazi kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuJanuwari, kuze kufike isikhathi lapho ukuhanjiswa kweqhwa kusungulwa khona emfuleni.

I-Air kanye nokuthumela imiyalezo

Edolobheni laseMezen, elisemgodini wegama elifanayo eMezenskaya Bay of the White Sea, izindiza zezindiza zendawo zinyuka. Isikhumulo sezindiza saseVaskovo, lapho izindiza ziya eMezen, ziseduze ne-Arkhangelsk. Umgwaqo omkhulu ohlanganisa isizinda esikhulu esenyakatho neyezinye izindawo yi-Arkhangelsk umgwaqo - idolobha laseMezen, edlula ezindaweni zaseBelgorod, ePinega naseSovpole. Isigqoko se-asphalt sikhona kuphela esigabeni esincane sokuqala se-Arkhangelsk - eBrogorod. Ngaphezu kwalokho kuze kube sekugcineni umgwaqo onokugqoka okokuqala, ngezinye izikhathi ubuhle obuhle.

Ama-tributaries

Izwe, lapho i-Mezen ikhona khona, icebile emithonjeni yamanzi - ama-15187 ama-tributaries agcwalise le migwaqo. Izimboni eziyinhloko zihlanganisa imifula engu-103, engama-53 ayishiywe ngesandla, futhi, ngokulandelana, i-50 ngakwesokudla. Okukhulu kakhulu yiMezenskaya Tansy no-Sula, uKyma noPesa, uVashka noPyssa, Us, uBolshaya Loptyuga no-Irva. Omude kunazo zonke - i-Vashka, ilula ngo-605 km, i-shortest, i-Us-on-102. Lezi yizinhlawulo eziyinhloko zoMfula iMezen. Enye yazo iyathakazelisa ukuxhuma kwayo, noma ukuxhuma kwesiteshi. I-Mezenskaya Pizhma (236 km), ngenxa yalesi simo, iqhubekela ePechora naseMezen, iphinde ixhumane nalesi sigodi samanzi ePechora.

Umthombo wamanzi

Umhlabathi we-Mezen basin ngokuyinhloko i-podzolic ne-marshy (i-marshy yensimu yonke i-17%). Kukhona isihlabathi lapha, okuyi-strip ebanzi kusukela emathafeni aseTiman kuya emanzini aseMezen naseVashka. Futhi eTiman ngokwawo kukhona inhlabathi ye-humus-calcareous. Ezokuvakasha zaleli sifunda kukhona idwala elimangalisayo lihlala. I-Ridan Ridge, lapho uMfula iMezen uvela khona, ungumthombo wemvelo wemvelo we-Dvina-Pechora Basin. It is for 900 amakhilomitha, iphuzu eliphakeme kakhulu ezingeni 471 amamitha. Enye ye-spurs yayo ivimbela indlela ye-Mezen enkabeni yayo, ngenxa yokuthi umfula wenza hook engamakhilomitha angu-500. Kusukela emthonjeni, osekuhlaleni okufana ne-Upland ye-Chetlassky Stone, egcwele i-fir ne-spruce futhi ekhuphuka ku-463 m ngaphezulu kwezinga lolwandle, umfula uyintaba esheshayo yezintaba ne-rapids ne-rapids. Futhi njengoba kufanele ukuthi ibe ngumfula ovamile, amabhange aseMezen aphakeme futhi aqoshiwe lapha, futhi ububanzi buhluka kusuka kumamitha angu-8 ukuya kwangu-15. Ngenxa yezihluthulelo ze-Ridan Ridge, umfula ujika njalo futhi uguqule isiqondiso.

East Bay

Ezindaweni eziphansi, ububanzi bayo ngezinye izikhathi kufinyelela ku-1 ikhilomitha, kuyilapho amanxweme aphansi ngokuvamile egobhozwa. Kukhulunywe ngenhla lapho uMfula iMezen ugeleza khona eMezenskaya Bay, ongenye yezindawo ezine ezinkulu kunazo zonke zoLwandle OluMhlophe , njengeKandalaksha Gulf, iDvinskaya ne-Onega Bay. I-Mezenskaya lip ibheke eningizimu yenhlonipho yaseKinin, ubude bayo buyizingalo ezingu-105, ububanzi bayo buyi-97, ukujula kwayo kuyahlukahluka kusuka kumamitha amahlanu ukuya kwangu-25. Ngaphandle komgwaqo wamanzi, lapho i-lip ibizwa ngokuthi i-lip, uMfula iKula ugeleza kuwo. Leli dolobha elingasempumalanga yeLwandle OluMhlophe linamanzi angama-opaque kakhulu, ngoba uMfula iMezen usuhlaza kakhulu, nakuba ngenxa yezintaba ezincane kakhulu, isici se-anthropogenic asisekho lapha, futhi iMezen ibhekwa njengeyona ehlanzekile eYurophu phakathi kwemifula emikhulu egeleza ngqo olwandle.

Kude kakhulu futhi kuhluke kakhulu

Ngesikhathi sonke sihamba, i-Mezen isebenzisa ama-subzones amathathu angokwemvelo - kulo lonke uhambo, i-taiga ephakathi, i-taiga esenyakatho ne-tundra ehlathini ilandelana. Umgodla womfula unokhuni - indawo engama-80% yendawo yayo ihlanganiswe nemifino eluhlaza, ikakhulukazi emahlathini ama-coniferous. Ukunethezeka nokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane nezilwane zichazwa ubude bomfula. Eningizimu, amahlathi aphakeme kakhulu e-coniferous coniferous akhula, enyakatho kunemiphakathi emifushane yama-mosses nama-lichen, kanti esigodini saseBezen kukhona izinhlobo ezingu-1,300 zezitshalo (ngaphandle kwama-lichens).

Umhlaba wezilwane ocebile

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingu-400 zezilwanyana eziphilayo ezikulesi sifunda, kunama-invertebrates ngisho nangaphezulu. Encwadini Elubomvu kuqaliswa ama-subspecies zasendle e-reindeer. Le fox iboniswa phakathi kwesigcawu sesifunda saseMezen. I-Arctic fox, i-wolverine, ingcuka, i-hare, i-muskrat, i-squirrels yizona ezimele kakhulu zezilwane ze-Mezeni. Inani elikhulu lezinyoni zale ndawo livumela ukuzingela ama-black grouse, grouse, grouse, amadada namahansi. Ngaphansi kokuvikelwa yizinhlobo zezinyoni ezilandelayo - izinhlanzi nezimpondo, ama-falcons (i-gyrfalcon ne-peregrine falcon), i-Barnacle i-oose ne-osprey, ukhozi wegolide ne-white-tailed ukhozi.

Izakhamuzi eziningi zomfula

Izilwane zamanzi eMfuleni waseMezen zimelelwa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene. Lapha ngobuningi obukhulu kukhona i-salmon, noma i-salmon yase-Atlantic, i-whitefish ne-nelma. Ngokwemvelo, naphezu kokutholakala okukhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kusukela ekubambeni okungekho emthethweni okungenakulawulwa kwezinhlobo eziningi eziwusizo. Ngakho, amasheya e-salmon aye ahla kakhulu. Lokhu kuzokusola njengesimo sezenhlalakahle esingahle (ukungabi nomsebenzi okhokhelwa kahle) emadolobhaneni ahlakazekile emabhange aseMezen, nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi okungenangqondo endaweni yesakhiwo sikaMador. Lokhu kuwa kwaholela ekuguquleni kwamanzi, okwaholela ekutheni kubekwe isanti nokukhuphuka komfula ngamanzi asezindaweni zasemanzini. Ngenxa yalokho, izimbiza zasebusika zanyamalala, lapho i-salmon yase-Atlantic iveza khona. Konke lokhu okungenhla kuholela ekwandeni emasontweni ezinyamazane - i-pike kanye ne-perch, eyanciphisa inani le-salmon. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezihlala eMezen ezanele kakhulu zihlanganisa i-European grayling ne-roach. Kunezinhlobo eziningi lapha futhi ziphuza, i-dace ne-burbot, i-river flounder ne-lamprey. Zonke izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kuhlanganise nezilwane ezidonswayo ze-pike ne-perch, zizinto zombili zokubanjwa okungokomthetho nokungagunyaziwe.

Isikhathi Esidala Esivuselelwe

Emaphethelweni e-Mezen ehlanzekile kukhona izindawo zokuvakasha, njenge "Udorchanin" (idolobha laseKoslan). Kule ndawo enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Komi Republic, ama-alloys angenzeka emfuleni.

Imvelo enhle kakhulu ezindaweni lapho uMfula iMezen ugeleza khona. Isifunda sase-Arkhangelsk, endaweni yaso, ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseMezen, sinezindawo eziyingqayizivele zomlando ezifana noKimzha, umuntu owenza isiko seNyakatho YaseRussia futhi ugcina umlando wendawo yokuhlala kanye nokwakhiwa kwezingodo zasendulo. Ukuziqhenya kwalesi sifundazwe kwakuyiziphephelo zomoya, ezenyakatho kakhulu ezweni. Ezindaweni ezinjalo, indlela yomlando yokuphila, yendabuko kanye namasiko abantu agcinwa. I-Mezensky isifunda senyakatho ye-Arkhangelsk esifundeni, futhi ingxenye yayo ingena endaweni yomngcele. Yingakho kungenakwenzeka ukufika lapha - kungena kuphela ukufaka amaphasi. Izakhiwo zakhiwe esifundeni saseMezen. I-murals bark ehlotshiswe ngomdwebo waseMezen yizinto eziyisikhumbuzo esihle kakhulu kule ndawo.