UNongorwana St Anne. Order of the Empire, Russian

UNongorwana Saint Anne yasungulwa ngo-1735 ngu-Duke Karl Friedrich, a German ngokuzalwa. Kanti yena 1725 waganwa indodakazi ka uMbusi uPetru mina, u-Anna. Ekuqaleni i-oda Kusolwa njengoba imiklomelo dynastic, kodwa esikhathini esizayo isimo salo ishintshile kakhulu.

Duchess Anne esingeside wahlala emshadweni ojabulisayo, wafa 1728, cishe ngokushesha nje ngemva kokuzalwa okunzima indlalifa esizayo okwakufanele abe inkosi. Ngemva kokufa umkakhe ayemthanda Carl Friedrich wanquma immortalize inkumbulo yakhe ngokudlulisela isithombe Duchess ngesithombe ku-Order of olandelayo isizukulwane indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi. Phakathi nokuphila iNkosana sale oda esisitholile izifundo 15 German ukuba.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ababusi Russia babevalelwa kafushane amandla, kokushiya sobukhosi kuze yezimo ezingaphezu kwamandla abo.

Indlalifa Elizabeth II

Indlalifa esizayo kwezihlalo zobukhosi Russian futhi Holstein okuthiwa Carl-Peter Ulrich. Yena wathola isihlalo sobukhosi ngemva Elizabeth II, ababengenazo izingane ezingabasiza eyabo, esinqumweni olusemthethweni linqume ukwakha phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi umshana wakhe, kamuva umfana uthuthwa kusukela Duchy of Holstein eRussia.

isimo State Order

Njengoba i the Order of St Anne nekaseminyakenakhe indondo dynastic, wathuthela e-Russia, uPetru III, baba Master Grand Order ifa kuyise, wathatha umklomelo esiphezulu Duchy of Holstein nge. Kwake kwathi ngo-1742 lapho ngokomthetho enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi, kwanqunywa ukwakha Order elisezingeni imiklomelo isimo eRussia.

Indlalifa entsha yesihlalo sobukhosi

Umlando Empire Russian ngqo izinsuku zethu zichichime nezenzakalo ezibuhlungu, ebaluleke kunayoyonke zazo bekuyisigameko ukuthi washiya i uphawu ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on emlandweni wanamuhla. Kwathi 1762, lapho wokubusa uPawulu III, eyathatha mayelana 6 izinyanga, yaphela kabuhlungu. Kwenzeka ngenxa uzungu bayeke livela esihlalweni sobukhosi, abeyenzile nowakhe umfazi. Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, Russia zangaphambi wamavukelambuso ithole indlalifa entsha yesihlalo sobukhosi - Paul mina, owazalelwa e-1754.

UCatherine II Board

Njengoba ngesikhathi kokufa zamanje uMbusi uPawulu mina ukuthi usemncane kakhulu ukuba abuse esihlalweni sobukhosi, wonke isisindo ebhodini oba emahlombe kanina, owayesebenzisa kwaba ngqo zinecala ngokufa kukayise. Umlando Empire Russian ngalesi sikhathi uthola umfutho elisemqoka kuya intuthuko eyaba khona ngaphansi kokuqondisa uCatherine II. Ngokungangabazeki, kuba iNdlovukazi edume kakhulu isikhathi ngaphandle yeRussia.

incazelo Imfihlo imiklomelo

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umklomelo we Empire Russian kwahluka obugagu ekhethekile, uPawulu ngazizwa imizwa unamahloni ncamashi maqondana Order of St Anne. Isizathu sisobala ngokwanele. On eyodwa yezindlela eMoscow, wahlela 1762, uPawulu mina yethulwa okokuqala ubuhle Anna Petrovna, indodakazi oyilungu lephalamende PV wendawo Lopuchin.

Nanguya umxhwele kakhulu lo mbusi ukuthi wacela kokuthutha wonke umkhaya wakhe eSt. uyise Belle sika etholakele kuKesari isihloko prince isiqubulo umndeni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, le nguqulo wesiHebheru igama Anna - "umusa" - isibe ukuziqhenya Lopukhins umndeni kwesikhulu.

Kusukela kulo mzuzwana iqala indaba esemqoka ye-oda e-pre-wamavukelambuso Russia. Ngokusho kwamaphepha olusemthethweni asebukhosini osekhona nanamuhla. UCatherine II babekholelwa sengqondo enenhlonipho endodaneni Order of umdlalo funny zezingane, kodwa kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba umbusi esizayo wahlangana reception ngokuziphatha kuka-Anna Petrovna, waqala ukuba baphathe nenjongo ngokwengeziwe futhi imfihlo. Manje, i the Order of St Anne kwakusho kuye kakhulu ngendlela for umsunguli Order of noKarla Fridriha.

Amakhophi Order, wathola isimo isimo

Ngokwe ukuxhumana walondoloza phakathi owafundisa uPawulu mina Umbusikazi uCatherine II futhi, isimemezelo esikhethekile imperial yadalwa, owawuthi uPawulu kwadingeka ilungelo elingokomthetho lokubuthola umklomelo egameni lakhe le oda iyiphi wohlanga olukhulu, ezingafani anamandla ekhethekile.

Kodwa Umbusi edlubulundayo lokhu kwakunganele, futhi wanquma ngasese umama esesabekayo, akubhekwa njengabawufanelekele Order of St Anne umvuzo, dala amakhophi amaningi amancane ukuze ngokwethukela umvuzo yizikhonzi zabo. Gqoka ukuba ancike hilt lwenkemba yakhe ukuze, uma kudingekile, kungashiwo kalula kufihlakele emehlweni prying, futhi esimweni izibhelu ahlomile ukumboza ngu Punch.

Ukunqaba le ubukhulu German yena

Ngo 1773 uCatherine II renounces ngokuphelele wonke amalungelo, izihloko kanye namalungelo anikezwa wakhe nezindlalifa wakhe Holstein sobukhosi. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-oda 1 degree ngeke besakwazi iklonyeliswe izindlalifa lwamakhosi yasebukhosini, kodwa njengoba uPawulu noma kade ngishiyiwe ngedwa ENkosini olusemthethweni Grand Order, wahlala ilungelo olusemthethweni ukuze abavuze bebodwa.

Wokugcotshwa uPawulu mina

Wokugcotshwa uPawulu ngawa phansi ngoNovemba 12, 1797. Ngalolu suku, yena ngokusemthethweni ubankosi, kanye Russia zangaphambi wamavukelambuso ingena indaba yakhe kombusi omusha, omunye izinqumo lokuqala okuyinto ukwakhiwa Order of St .. Anna isikhundla sokuba imiklomelo isimo nokuhlukanisa yayo ku 3 ngokwezinga ezinkulu. Manje ikhophi oda, okuyinto enziwa intsha koMbusi, etholwe ngesimo esingokomthetho futhi iphathwa 3 degrees.

Ekuqaleni kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi ababusi waseRussia azonikezwa ngokuvumelana Order sezikhonzi kuphela. Order of ukubukeka kuyinto encike ngqo kwi degree ayekulo. Ubukhulu bayo kuye ngokuthi ezingeni zazisuka 3.5 cm 5.2 cm.

1. Order of St Anne 1 degree - elinongwengwezi lwezilwanyana amadayimane. Gqoka lolu hlobo lwe-oda wencike iribhoni ezibanzi obomvu ngemivimbo ophuzi ukuthi ukunweba kanye emaphethelweni. Bona ukhishwa kuye kanyekanye ngenkanyezi esiliva. Futhi inkanyezi kwadingeka ukuba flip phezu kwehlombe lakhe lokunene, Order ngokusebenzisa ngakwesobunxele. On ingemuva igolide wawusegunjini inkanyezi eziyisishiyagalombili enamaphoyinti maphakathi okuyinto wabekwa esibomvu. Duzane selilonke yayo zesi-Latin sama-oda Amantibus Justitiam Pietatem Fidem elisuselwa, Ngakho-ke, kusukela ukudlulisa kungaqedwa baphetha ngokuthi baklonyeliswa abathembekile zenzisa.

umbala obomvu isiphambano umuntu uye asizwe yilabo lokunameka ne koqweqwe lwawo, sizungezwe igolide umngcele mncane. Maphakathi esiphambanweni wawusempumalanga isithombe Duchess Anna White esidayisa kwi yobude obugcwele. Iphinde lizungezwe umngcele igolide. Ngemuva ke wawusegunjini Order monogram Duchess amisiwe usebenzisa koqweqwe lwawo okwesibhakabhaka. Ngenhla isithombe ebusweni babo Anna lalingaphezu kumi izingelosi ezimbili ziphethe ezandleni zabo umqhele yasebukhosini.

Ngo-1829, i-ifaka zedayimane ezingaba kuphela umklomelo inikezwe izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe, futhi kusukela ngo-1874 sahoxiswa isithombe umqhele imperial ngemiyalo yezikhulu ngezinga lokuqala.

2. UNongorwana St Anne 2 degrees - obunamaparele idwala cut ingilazi. Kwakudingekile ukugqoka entanyeni yakhe, kokuba nambophela iribhoni emincane. Empeleni, it is iklonyeliswe abantu, hhayi ukwamukela ukholo lobuKristu, futhi abathengisi. Nokho, lesi sithombe Order of Anna salandelwa ukhozi ezimbili engumondli. On the reverse oda esenziwe umbala azure ukuboniswa isifinyezo AIPF sama-oda, ogama njongo kwakuwukukhumbuza ukhishwa, ukuthi Countess eyindodakazi uPetru I. Isiliva Star is akwayama.

3. Order of St Anne 3 degree - okufana ezivamile. Gqoka wencike hilt lwenkemba yakhe. Kuyinto indilinga lencane ngaphakathi kwalo la i koqweqwe lwawo engu- yayisesigodini iringi ukwaziswa okufanayo, ngakho kokubili ezingxenyeni enziwa umbala obomvu.

emva lokuhlonishwa njengoba umklomelo isimo abathwele imithetho engu-13 ashintshiwe. Manje kwakudingeka uyiphine kuya uBantu, umbala okwakufanele ngokushesha kubonisa kungokwalabo unikelwa yamasosha noma emphakathini. Ngokusho isimemezelo 1847, i the Order of 3 degrees, kwanqunywa ukuba umvuzo izikhulu abaye bakhonza iminyaka okungenani engu-12 endaweni efanayo hhayi ngaphansi kuka 13 ekilasini. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lo mklomelo uye empeleni baba wencika njengoba umvuzo isevisi eside.

4. UNongorwana 4 degrees St Anne - esasungulwa indodana uPawulu mina - uMbusi u-Alexander I. Le degree unikelwa kuphela kwezikhulu zempi. Oda obekumele ukugqoka lesi sikhali ukuthi isetshenziswa ngendlela amabutho, okuyinto unikelwa ebusweni.

Phakathi kwezihloko we Russian uMbusi u-Alexander I, i the Order of 4 degrees yabizwa ngokuthi "Cranberry". Into wukuthi lingakanani ingeqi 2,5 futhi kwakuyikho impela nombala ofanayo njengoba lokhu berry. Uma isikhulu ayekade yaklonyeliswa Order of the degree 4th, ukhishwa umvuzo ephakeme bekumele sizigqoke ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Igama le-oda degrees 4 lashintsha ncamashi ngonyaka owodwa ngemva kokubusa ushintsho zabhekana bafake Order 3 degrees. "Ukuze Mendi" manje obekumele ukwengeza saziso ibhokisi set-top.

Umlando imiklomelo

Kusukela ngo-1857, umbusi wakhipha isimemezelo lapho kwezikhulu zempi kwanikezelwa hhayi kuphela Order, lapho umfanekiso Duchess Anna salandelwa ezimbili izinkemba sawela, kodwa futhi bakhothame umbala obomvu, ukuze ukuqonda abantu baphinde bethola isiqinisekiso, ngoba manje ubani owabona umklomelo efanayo, ebizwa ngokuthi "Umkhuzi Order Cranberry" ngemva kwakhe.

Ukuklonyeliswa "Cranberry" Order senziwa kuze kube Revolution-1917 , lapho zonke imiklomelo umbuso ngezikhali tsarist abangu kukhanselwe ngokusemthethweni kuhulumeni omusha.

I-oda jeweled oda 1 no-2 degree lase kakhulu ukushintshwa, nakuba asithinti emisha kanye awardees lababuya kulamanye emave.

sesimanje Order

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XIX futhi washintsha indlela yokunikeza Order of 3 degrees. Kakade kusukela 1847 ukuze engamele umklomelo kwakudingeka sebuthweni noma isikhulu okuthunyelwe esingekho ngaphansi kweminyaka 8. Ngaphezu kwalokho, futhi ushintshe ukubukeka oda 3 degrees. Kusukela ngo-1855 2 izinkemba sawela engezwe ke.

Kuze Maphakathi nekhulu XIX, wonke umuntu eyayibekwe for indondo, wathola ngaphezu izinzuzo ezithile Order. Ngakho, ngaphezu yimuphi degree Order okwakulindelekile futhi knighthood, kodwa ngenxa yokwanda eliphezulu awardees mthetho washintsha, kokushiya izikhulu tribal kokuba okuthiwa kuphela abantu yaklonyeliswa Order of the degree 1st. Abanye nika yedwa isihloko esihle, hhayi ukudluliselwa abazolandela esikhundleni.

Kuleso simo, uma imiklomelo kwanikezelwa abathengisi noma abantu abangazange ebuKristwini, baba izakhamuzi zokuhlonipha of the Empire, isiRashiya, waba knighted.

I ubuntu kunazo owaziwa, baklonyeliswa oda:

• ULieutenant General Vasiliy Ivanovich Suvorov - yaklonyeliswa Elizabeth.
• Generalissimo Aleksandr vasilevich Suvorov - Holstein wathola i the Order of St Anne.
• Kutuzov, wathola i the Order of St Anna njengoba umklomelo wakhe kuqala 1789.

Lifetime Achievement Award

zokuxhumana Ibheji. Anna noma wasebusika-Anna, elisungulwe 1796 nguPawulu 1 futhi kwaba indondo zegolide, elaliyisikhungo ka isiphambano esibomvu. It waklonyeliswa emnyangweni wezempi, okuyinto ubudala lidlule iminyaka engu-20.

Ngaphezu indondo wathembela kakhudlwana futhi isinxephezelo yemali, inani okuyinto encike ngqo kwi okufanela isimo azonikezwa, futhi akwazi ukuxoxa $ 100.

Order 3 noma 4 ngaphandle umnsalo imali yanikezwa ukhuthaze abaphathi-non-ethunywe, ubude inkonzo oye esenziwa eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-10.

Imiklomelo ye-Empire Russian

• Oda Andreya Pervozvannogo - Peter ngisekela e 1698. KLOMELA them isibindi nokuba qotho kuye babevelaphi nokuthi kuKesari. Ngokusho yetinsita, uPeter Omkhulu, abuya uhambo eNgilandi, wafuna ukuthola indondo efana ngalokho akubona eRussia.
• UNongorwana Liberation - wasungula uPeter Omkhulu e 1713. Phakathi nokuphila kaPetru ngathola le ndondo izandla kaKesari umkakhe kuphela Catherine A .. Umcimbi ekhumbulekayo senzeka 24 Novemba, 1714.

Esikhathini esizayo, bona baklonyeliswa bengamakhosikazi abantu abavelele Russian izibalo imisebenzi ewusizo emphakathini. It ekuqaleni wazalwa umvuzo ukuziphatha kahle unkosikazi imperial ngesikhathi umkhankaso akuphumelelanga Prussian e 1711.

Ngokusho yetinsita emva amabutho Russian yahaqwa abaseTurkey, Catherine ezinikelwe izivunulo zabo ukugwazela umlawuli Turkish, ngakho amasosha waphumelela ekwenzeni ukuthula bese ebuyela ekhaya. Ofakazi lokhu akuzange ukuqinisekisa ukudluliswa amagugu njengoba isifumbathiso, kodwa ukuziphatha ehloniphekile Empress abakhulelwe Kwaphawulwa yibo bonke ezempi. Oda kwadingeka grade 2, libhekene obuhlukahlukene ngombala ayigugu. Izinga lokuqala lalibizwa elinongwengwezi lwezilwanyana amadayimane, kanti eyesibili - ingilazi entabeni cut.

• Oda Aleksandra Nevskogo - Catherine mina owamiswa 1725. Wayehlose ukuvuza izikhulu zikahulumeni yesibili. Ngokokuqala ngqá indondo senziwa ngokomyalo ngosuku lomshado kaPetru mina noCatherine I. Umklomelo wathola abantu 18.
• Oda lempi eSt George - wasungulwa uCatherine II ngo-1769. Unikelwa amasosha abaye babonisa isibindi ikakhulukazi ekulweni. Kwadingeka degrees ezine umehluko.
• Order of Prince uVladimir - wasungulwa uCatherine II ngo-1782. Kwanikezwa abasebenzi nezikhulu ezinhlwini phakathi. Isibalo abamukeli awugcini. It is ekhiqizwa ngama-degree amane ahlukene.
• UNongorwana zokuxhumana. U-Anne no Maltese Cross - wamisa uPawulu, mina lendodana yakhe u-Alexander I, kulekelelwa oda esibophezelayo. Anne 4 degrees ku 1797. Unikelwa lamasosha nezakhamuzi, zihlukaniswa ngokulinganayo ngokwabo phambi kombusi. Order of the Maltese Cross yabonakala lapho ashaqe Egypt neMelitha, uNapoleon ahlinzekwa ngqo uMbusi uPawulu mina ukwamukela isithunzi Master Omkhulu Order of St John eJerusalema.
• Order of the White Eagle, Order of St Stanislaus kanye Order of Virtuti Militari - eyasungulwa Nicholas mina ngo-1831. Lezi oda bebayincenye oda Russian emva ukubusa Russian Poland. Lokhu kwethulwa amasosha yasePoland for isibindi empini. Futhi ukunikeza lezi oda kwakungatholakala kuphela kwenziwe eminyakeni emihlanu kusukela ngosuku kwaphela impi.
• Order of Princess Olga - wasungulwa uNicholas II ngo-1913. Unikelwa ulilele sihlobene kwemsebenti wahulumende. Ngokwe-Order of the umklomelo kungaba Umbusi ngokwakhe, noma umuntu ogama izandla kwaba nge-diploma ekhethekile yasebukhosini.

Ekupheleni kwalesi sihloko Ngithanda waphinda ugcizelele banikela ngendlela ebalulekile Russia zangaphambi wamavukelambuso lwamakhosi ukubusa ukudalwa isimo yesimanje, wonke umlando kumiswa isesikhathini inguquko ka 1917 usukela kwi-oda ezitholwe nabantu abavelele esikhathini esiningi.