Umuzi omdala eRussia: uhlu. Yimuphi umuzi eRussia omdala?

Phakathi nenkathi yokubusa kombuso impucuko womuntu kwavela kukhona nezindawo eziningi ezaba emadolobheni. Kodwa ngesikhathi sempi, izinhlekelele zemvelo seziye zaphenduka amanxiwa abaningi babo. Siye ngasinda ezinye zazo. Yiziphi imizi Russia lasendulo ami namuhla? Lo mbuzo iyathakazelisa eziningi.

ezinye izinkinga

Chaza edolobheni endala yezwe kunzima kakhulu: musa njalo ukwazi usuku isisekelo zokuhlala. Ngokusekelwe idatha kusuka mlando nezazi-mlando, usuku ungakwazi kuphela sithole eseduze. Ukufunda encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla, izazi-mlando aveze ukuthi ngalo noma kulowo muzi, iziphi izenzakalo zomlando ezihlobene kwayo. Umuzi wasendulo eRussia ayehlaselwa ezinsukwini ubudala ukugqoka amanye amagama. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi usuku oluqondile lapho yakhiwa, ngezinye izikhathi angazi. Kodwa lena Imizi eminingi yasendulo. Kukhona futhi izitatimende ezisemthethweni esiphathelene nosuku isisekelo ke akunankinga sokunquma engu-isayithi mlando.

Ukuze uhlole mlando ubheke Nikon Chronicle, eyabhalwa ngekhulu XVI. Imininingwane Ngatadisha ezivela emithonjeni Arabhu, okuyinto esukela emuva X leminyaka. Kuyasiza kulo msebenzi ezidumile zomlando - "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka". Akukona ukumisa umsebenzi abavubukuli abenza ukumba nokusiza ukucacisa imizi Russia eminingi yasendulo. Uhlu izinguquko, zikhona izinto wokwakha izindonga, izindawo zokuhamba, okuyinto sinake kakhulu nokuningi mlando. Namuhla Veliky Novgorod, Staraya Ladoga, Smolensk, Moore, Pskov, Derbent, Kerch.

Veliky Novgorod

Umlando ukuvela Novgorod Elikhulu ayikaziwa. Usuku ngqo isisekelo salo Akekho owaziyo. Konke mayelana. Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi kuyingxenye emzini ERussia yasendulo - kuyiqiniso. usuku Fixed we Novgorod - iminyaka 859. Kusukela ubudala wakhe zekhalenda bese lisaba ngumuzi omkhulu. Namuhla-ke iminyaka 1155. Kodwa lokhu akulona olunembile. Phela, unyaka isisekelo salo kubhekwa usuku okukhulunywe ngayo le Nikon Chronicle: at wafa sikhathi Novgorod uMdala Gostomysl. Ngakho lo muzi sabekwa ngaphambili kakhulu.

Nestor umlobi wezenzakalo ku "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" wabhala mayelana imizi Russia lasendulo. Uhlu, ngokuthi Laurentian, waveza ukuthi ngaphambi kokufika Rurik (e 862) Novgorod eside sekuneminyaka. Thina wawusekela, ngokuvumelana le Ipatiev Chronicle, ngisho Ilmen Slovenes, ngubani wahlala eduze kwechibi. Bayetha yena - Ilmer. Zasungula umuzi wawuqamba ngokuthi ke Novgorod.

Kuwo wonke umlando walo, Veliky Novgorod ngabhekana nobunzima izenzakalo: wayebuye inhlokodolobha yase Free State, futhi lathunjwa eMoscow, isiSwidi Levonskimi ababusi. Alexander saseNevsky, iSikhulu Novgorod, ungaphumeleli abaseSweden ku iNeva e 1240 kanye Knights of the zamaJalimane Order - e 1242 at Lake Peipus.

Russia muzi wasendulo

Phakathi kwezindawo wabalula, okuyinto zibhekwa endala, kanye nazo zonke izindleko futhi Staraya Ladoga. Izazi-mlando uphola le ndawo kuze kube ikhulu VIII. Kukholakala ukuthi lo muzi yasungulwa ngo 753. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi kuvela Lake Ladoga futhi yayibizwa ngokuthi Rurik lokubusa futhi baba isikhulu lokuqala eRussia. Kusukela enyakatho yedolobha ehlaselwa omakhelwane kanye castle wahlupheka ukubhujiswa nokuhlushwa kwala imililo. Kodwa ekhulwini lesishiyagalolunye kwakungasebenzeki ayebiyelwe ngokhuni netshe, wenza limestone, futhi uye waba eyizingqabavu enyakatho Ladoga inqaba - ngowokuqala eRussia.

Ayini imizi Russia lasendulo kungenziwa efakwa inombolo eyodwa nge Ladoga futhi Novgorod? Ngakho kuyinto Smolensk. Emibhalweni yaminyaka ke nalo liyavela 862. Ngalo mhlatshelo, njengoba ngokusebenzisa Ladoga, ngidlula indlela eyaziwa "kusukela Varangians kumaGreki". Smolensk baba ukuzivikela eMoscow futhi wamelana izimpi eziningi kanye izimpi. Namanje walondoloza izinsalela ezindongeni inqaba, elakhiwa ngekhulu XVI bese kubhekwa isimangaliso amasu uthango isikhathi.

Moore - akukho ngaphansi kuka edolobheni lasendulo, eyaqala ukuvelela cishe ngasikhathi sinye nge Smolensk. Lo muzi sesibe kangaka okuthiwa Owesizwe Muroma, Finno-Ugric imvelaphi. amehlo akhe siqondiswe ngasempumalanga: kwakukhona kosongo kuhlasela. I iVolga-Kama Bulgars, lwesiTatar-amaMongol. Lezi imizi yasendulo Russia njengoba Moore, yabhekana nokuceka sethusa futhi ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka kwenziwa noyedwa. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini lweshumi nane, sase siphendukile, futhi ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu xv, Moore ililalele eMoscow.

Lo muzi wasendulo akupheli, ezijulile kanjani umlando wezwe, ngakho kukhona izindawo zokuhlala eziningi zomlando: Rostov, Suzdal, Yaroslavl, uVladimir. Kodwa kukhona omunye umuzi eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5,000, futhi isekhona namuhla.

"Darband" - ngesango elincane

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bangaki abantu nibange ukuthi yini umuzi eRussia iyona endala, kuba Derbent. Nansi indawo ye-republic of Dagestan, kodwa ingxenye yeRussia. Yingakho Derbent - emzini Russia eminingi yasendulo. Itholakala eduze yoLwandle iCaspian: i bottleneck eyayisele phakathi ugu ezintabeni of eCaucasus. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma kwakukhona zokuhlala Darband, akwabakho le Kievan Rus, futhi Russian Empire. Emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke Derbent okukhulunywe ngaye kudala VI ekhulwini BC. e., kodwa nemizana wazithatha ngaphambili.

Namuhla walondoloza inqaba Naryn-Kala, okuyinto iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-2,500 ubudala, futhi Juma Mosque, eyakhiwa ngekhulu lesishiyagalombili. Derbent Dagestan ephasishi kulawulwa lapho Omkhulu Silk Road. Izizwe eziningi baye bazama ukuba nilidle leli dolobha, bahlasela ke, ubhujiswe. Phakathi nomlando wakhe omude futhi bachuma Derbent nezikhathi eziningi, kanye nokwehla. Isihlangu ukuzivikela - izinqaba ubude 40 km - walondolozwa kuze izinsuku zethu. UNESCO inhlangano uyazicabangela Derbent amadolobha Russian eminingi yasendulo.

enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea

Kodwa kukhona esinye yokuthi kwenza izinguquko zalo siqu yodaba olucutshungulwayo: ukubuya eRussia of enhlonhlweni yaseCrimea. Ngakho-ke, uhlu izindawo lasendulo ukungezwa emzini Kerch.

Itholakala ogwini Strait, engxenyeni esempumalanga kule nhlonhlo. Kukholakala ukuthi Kerch yasungulwa eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-2600 edlule. Umuzi walondoloza izikhumbuzo lasendulo, izinto zomlando. I bemba abavubukuli uqinisekise engu-Kerch, okuyinto eyasungulwa bamakoloni of Ancient Greece.

Bakhuluma ngaloko lokushiwo imizi yasendulo Russia kukhona osukwini lwethu, ingahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu: izwe elikhulu, eziningi izindawo zomlando ezithakazelisayo. Into esemqoka ukuthi umlando waleli zwe kubalulekile ukufunda nokukhumbula, futhi izikhumbuzo lasendulo - ukulondoloza ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela.