Kahle nokuvikela izindandatho ukhonkolo: izindlela nezinto zokwakha. Izakhiwo kanye ungangenisi amanzi

Ukwakhiwa emthonjeni ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana ukuvikelwa kanye nokuqinisa izindonga nge izinto amanzi. Uma ngesisekelo yokwakha kwagcizelela indandatho, ngambala khombisa nokwethenjelwa, ukuqina kanye nenhlanzeko, ngoba impahla alikukhuthazi ukuvela kwamagciwane. Uhlelo uyobavikela isikhala elingaphakathi kusukela seeping komhlaba namanzi ebusweni, kodwa kuphela uma ngokwanele evikelwe. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sesigaba ukwakhiwa kumelwe nakanjani kwenziwe ungangenisi amanzi ngokhonkolo kahle izindandatho.

Udinga ukusebenza

Ukhonkolo lingabulewe ukwenekwa umswakama. Njengoba izici eziyinhloko yalesi material izenzo ukuthi kakhulu esobala amanzi uma engakaze waterproofed. Ngenxa yalo mklamo izakhiwo bazokwethulelwa umswakama nabo ukhonkolo ezimanzi lapha zihlanganisa metal nezinkuni. Rust luyokhula ku-valve, ukusonta futhi okwenza kube ngaphansi eqinile. Lokhu kubangela ukubhujiswa lonke isakhiwo.

Ukuqalisa nokuvikela kahle izindandatho ukhonkolo ezidingekile ukuze uvimbele ikhono impahla okumunca umswakama. Ferro ukuphatse izindandatho wadalula isivikelo esinjalo ngisho at esiteji ekukhiqizeni. Ngokuvamile, abahlinzeki usebenzise lezi izindlela nokuvikela:

• ezakhayo;
• ubuchwepheshe;
• gidrostoykogo ukusetshenziswa usimende.

Indlela yokuqala yakhiwa ukwelapha imikhiqizo amanzi-oxosha ngemva enza izinto. Ngesikhathi qophelo ungangenisi amanzi inqubo ukukhiqizwa isicelo, lapha kufanele kufake compaction ubuchwepheshe, okuyinto namanje amafomu. Indaba ngaphansi centrifugation, vibrocompression kanye cleaner ukususwa umswakama ngokweqile.

Ukuvikelwa umswakama bungatholakala ngokungeza kakhudlwana futhi ezahlukene ukhonkolo kwamanzi-cikayo. Lezi izithako ziqala ukusebenza emva ukhonkolo uthele, sikhukhumale clog pores futhi microcracks. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ikhono ukhonkolo ukuze simelane umswakama. Lezi zinyathelo nesandla ekwandiseni izindleko izindandatho ukhonkolo, kepha uma ukhetha ukulondoloza emasongweni, kubalulekile bonyana batshidze ezivuzayo nezihlanganiso phakathi timphawu tesakhiwo. Lokhu kuzoqinisekisa isivikelo eside kusukela bola, ukugqwala, isikhunta futhi isikhutha.

ungangenisi amanzi izinto

Ungangenisi amanzi ngokhonkolo kahle izindandatho kungafaka ukusetshenziswa eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izinto. Can ahlukanisa kubo ngokuvumelana nezinjongo ngaphakathi kanye nabangaphandle. Okuwukuphela kwento ukusebenzisa castle ubumba, kodwa le ndlela akakwazi ngokuthi eyingqayizivele. ukwahlukanisa Yangaphakathi - kuyinto ukucutshungulwa lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izinto:

• umjovo;
• ifinyelela inhliziyo;
• lubricative.

Ngaphambi kahle oyokwenziwa ungangenisi amanzi izindandatho ukhonkolo, kubalulekile ukuthola indlela ukuvikelwa, okuyinto kuncike degree of ezilamatshe aligugu komhlaba. Ezinye ubuchwepheshe kunjiniyela yangasese akakwazi ukukhetha, njengoba ezihilela ukusetshenziswa imishini ekhethekile.

izindlela hydroprotection: umjovo ungangenisi amanzi

Ubukhulu izindandatho ukhonkolo - akusiwona into nje ukuthi kubalulekile ukukhetha ukusebenza ngemfanelo kohlelo. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ngisho Ukuvikelwa wokubacindezela. Ukufakwa izinto - lokhu kwenzeka, uma ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe. Ungangenisi amanzi yalolu hlobo kuyabiza - kodwa akanawo ukwenza ngokuphindaphindiwe, ngoba impahla ilungele ukukhonza kakhulu ngendlela yonke isakhiwo zizogcinwa.

izingoma Polymeric kuthiwa injected indaba, ungase uqhekeke futhi clog pores. Njengoba yezinzuzo zale nqubo kukhona ukuvikelwa umswakama:

• kungenzeka usebenzisa for ukwahlukanisa kwezakhiwo ezintsha;
• nokuvikela ikhono ukulungisa kahle;
• asikho isidingo sokulungiselela ebusweni;
• ukuqeda kungenzeka uyavuza futhi ingcindezi jetting.

Nokho, i-ungangenisi amanzi ezifana womthombo kusukela komhlaba has ezithile, phakathi kwabo, kufanele kwenziwe izindleko eliphezulu kanye nesidingo umfutho ophakeme imishini ukudonsa.

Ukusebenzisa okokusebenza eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini

Le nqubo yisibonelo isimiso eliyingqayizivele, lapho amandla amanzi isetshenziselwa ukuvikela ukuhlaselwa. Amanzi-oxosha izinhlayiya acacisa bedle amanzi clog pores. Njengoba kwanda Ukuvikelwa nomswakama umswakama uba eziqinile, ngoba ungangenisi amanzi Uqinisa ngokushesha okungaka. Ukuze afeze le misebenzi lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izinto angasetshenziswa:

• "REMSTROY-T."
• "Infiltron-100."
• "Penetron".
• "Penekrit".

Solid nokunwebeka izinto obmazochnye

Sebenzisa lesi isixazululo kungenzeka zingabi nokuvikela imithombo, amachibi kanye izisekelo. Isicelo Kwenziwa esisekelweni lelungiselelwe, futhi ngemva kokuba indwangu ezisele ezomile. Ngemva kwalokho ungangenisi amanzi uthola:

• kuyaqina;
• amandla eqine okusezingeni eliphezulu;
• ukumelana okushisa aphansi.

Kukhethwa ethandwa kakhulu emakethe yasekhaya ingumkhiqizo Spanish "Tekmadray Elast", okuyinto enamathela ezimbili ingxenye. imikhiqizo DuPont nazo zaziwa kahle kakhulu njengoba Mapei Italy. Uma ufuna ukulondoloza, kufanele ukuthenga ungangenisi amanzi Russian "Rastro" luzodla ezishibhile angaphandle analogue. Nokuvikela kahle ezivuzayo kungase zimiswe ngokusebenzisa sealant ngesimo amateyipu, isb Rubber Elast.

Nokho ngaphandle ungangenisi amanzi ubuchwepheshe

Ngenkathi kwakhiwa womthombo ngokuvamile eyenziwa kuze ungangenisi amanzi ngaphandle. Uma sikhuluma isidingo sokuvikela esakhiweni esidala, kufanele afeze lemali kahle esikhulu ka wokumba. Ngenxa yalesi evame ukusetshenziswa izinto kuwebhu, ezifana ukufulela wazizwa. Nokho, ungafaka isicelo nokuvikelwa Ukungena.

Ebusweni kufanele uzilungiselele. I udonga lwangaphandle lwesakhiwo Ubuningi bamahora ivulekile. Ngakule kahle kufanele umbe phansi ngesikhathi 4 m ukujula. Kumila is bahlanza contaminants. Uma une ukusebenza design elidala, ungabona eminye valve, eyayintula angenalutho ngesikhathi ukusebenza. Kufanele abe ohlanzekile aphathe anticorrosive.

Uma kwenziwe nokuvikela kahle ukulungisa, udonga kumele embozwe inhlabathi, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa "Betonkontakt" noma ibitume-irabha kwakwakhe, okuye Babesebenze kahle ndawonye njengababonisi nosimende usimende-isihlabathi, lapho engezwa PVA glue. Ukwakheka ishiywa ukuze ome, futhi ngemva kwaso sisetshenziswa ibitume noma gudronovaya ze-mastic. Surface banamathela yayo ukufulela impahla, ezivuzayo phakathi amashidi kufanele fluff unama. Lapho ekhetha ukwahlukanisa eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini kufanele uhlukane nale esiteji priming izindonga. Bona moisten futhi coat ne "Penetron", kusale izinsuku ezintathu ukuze ome. Ebusweni kufanele moisturize njalo.

ungangenisi amanzi yangaphakathi

Nokuvikela ingaphakathi kahle kufanele luqale ngemuva amanzi futha phansi. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga zingavuki kuze umsebenzi ngeke iphele. I evele ingaphakathi bahlanza nge ibhulashi wire, kubalulekile ukususa ukungcola, moss nokhonkolo okuxekethile. Uqhekeko kanye namalunga kufanele ahlanze futhi lujule, kuphela emva ungaqala ungangenisi amanzi izinyathelo.

Uma kuvulwe ngalesi ukuvuza, bangakwazi ukuxazulula Aquafix zabo noma analogue we ketshezi. Crevice ukulungisa esihle nosimende Megacret-40. Uma ezingqimbeni esomile, udonga kahle kufanele moisten futhi zisebenza ungangenisi amanzi izinto usebenzisa ibhulashi ububanzi. Le nqubo ihilela ukunamathela snip, ungangenisi amanzi we ukhonkolo kahle izindandatho ngokuvumelana nezimiso isetshenziswa ungqimba wokuqala phezu wetted. Isendlalelo yesibili kufanele usetshenziswe ngaphandle humidification. Usuku ngizokuya ukuqina impahla, ngalesi sikhathi kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi aliphumi.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe mayelana nokuvikela bituminous izinto

kahle nokuvikela izindandatho ukhonkolo asphalt mastic kwenziwa kaningi. Lokhu ubuchwepheshe kangcono Ukuvikelwa ongaphandle. Kwamanzi uzilungiselele, bahlanza futhi camera nge primer okuyinto okwaziyo ukugcina ngezinga ezinhle adhesiveness. Ukuze indle kanye izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe, ungasebenzisa ingxenye izingxenye ezintathu we uphethiloli kanye itiyela. Ukuze kuzuzwe high uphawu ezivuzayo kufanele ukuqhubekisela phambili glue-bentonite iraba tape. Kunalokho ngezinye izikhathi asetshenziswa CeresitCL 152 tape.

Ngemuva omiswe, usungaqala ukulungisa emasongweni esishunyekiwe chips uqhekeke futhi ube. Ngenxa yalesi usimende ukusetshenziswa. Ebusweni ke waphinda primed yaphahlekwa Tar asphalt mastic lungaqhekeza ngoba, uma ungaqala gluing roll ungangenisi amanzi ungqimba 3. Zonke ezivuzayo nezihlanganiso Kunconywa ukuze baphathwe mastic imbozwa ngenye inhlabathi. Ukhonkolo emhlabeni kahle emva subsidence kwenhlabathi kungcono ukwenza indawo abayizimpumputhe.

isiphetho

Ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi kudivayisi amapayipi kufanele uzijwayeze lokho izilinganiso izindandatho ukhonkolo. Ngokwesibonelo, ubukhulu incike ekuklanyweni of zinhlobo futhi ingase ihluke cm 70 200 Ngokuphathelene ukuphakama, ngokwesilinganiso, kuba elilingana 50 cm, kodwa kwemigomo Izindandatho - .. Ingabe into nje ukuthi kufanele kubhekwe ngaphambi kokufaka kahle. Kubalulekile ukugcina namanje futhi SNIP 3.05.04-85, okuyinto bababonisa izincomo ungangenisi amanzi.