Umqondo Science e Philosophy

Isayensi - uhlobo umsebenzi womuntu engqondweni yethu okuhloswe ngaso Kutfolakala nekutfutfukiswa kwekusebenta inhloso, olufanele kanye nolwazi ngendlela ehlelekile ihlelwe ngezwe. Ngokuhamba lo msebenzi uyabuthwa amaqiniso, ukuhlaziywa, ngezigaba kanye Uhlaziyo luqhubeka ngesisekelo idatha etholakalayo, ulwazi olusha, okukuvumela isibikezelo isayensi-based esizayo.

Umqondo wesayensi ifilosofi ingenye yezindawo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Isayensi okuyisisekelo uhlobo ulwazi zezwe. Ngokuba umbono zefilosofi zezwe, kumele ube nomqondo othile isayensi, ukuthi, ukuthi ukwakha kanjani isayensi njengoba yenzeka ukuthi liyatholakala, ungakwazi sithemba ngenxa impumelelo yakhe.

Umqondo kwezesayensi nefilosofi siqukethe incazelo izinjongo nemibono yayo isisekelo (Paradigm) imiqondo eyinkimbinkimbi nemiqondo esimele isayensi, njll Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinkinga zokuziphatha yezesayensi - uhlelo imithetho elawula ubudlelwane zabantu emkhakheni ucwaningo lwesayensi.

Noma yimuphi imibono evamile idatha isheke etholwe empirically ezihlobana ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu noma imvelo. Cishe njalo, iqiniso kubabangele amaphutha. Ihlola postulates ngemibono of izindlela enokwehla kuyinto inselele impela.

Umqondo wesayensi ifilosofi kuchazwa njengendlela mkhakha womsebenzi womuntu, futhi umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu ukuthuthukisa ulwazi ngokoqobo ngendlela umgomo. Isayensi kuyinto thile nomphakathi. Kuhlanganisa imisebenzi yokufuna ulwazi olusha, kanye kakhulu isamba sazo zonke ulwazi, okuyizinto ngesisekelo isithombe ezweni. Ngu isayensi nokuqonda amagatsha ahlukene ulwazi lwesayensi.

nefilosofi Isayensi System sehlukaniswe kwezenhlalo, yemvelo, zezenhlalakahle kanye lobuchwepheshe. It wayevela emuva izwe lasendulo, kodwa nje kokuthi isistimu waqala ukuthatha ukuma ngekhulu le-16. Ngokuhamba sokuthuthuka, sekuwumkhuba izikhungo ezinkulu kwezenhlalo emphakathini ezidingekayo futhi Uzithola umsebenti wakhe umthelela omkhulu.

Ngokomlando labelwe izigaba ngazinye ukuthuthukiswa ifilosofi nesayensi. Lokhu isiyalo yefilosofi baqala ukuthuthukisa kanye imfundiso positivist. Kwakuyisikhathi yokuqala kwakukhona esiphuthumayo ukufunda ulimi, logic nezindlela of sciences ngqo. Angefani njengoba izinkinga main kulolu cwaningo zanikezelwa imihlola ezahlukene, izihloko ezahlukene kwaxoxwa futhi kwakungekho nobunye umbono ukuthi ukufaka nomqondo isayensi ifilosofi.

Ifilosofi positivist (zonke izigaba ezintathu), umsebenzi oyinhloko ifilosofi nesayensi ukuqonda ubunjalo umbono wesayensi owawuthandwa ngokuvamile, kwenziwa imizamo ukucacisa oyiyo, kusho sokudalwa ulwazi. Ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona inkinga ukukhula ulwazi lwesayensi.

Ngezinye izigaba alandelayo kumiswa ifilosofi nesayensi positivists ngokuya basuka okuqukethwe langempela umbono wesayensi owawuthandwa. imfundiso enengqondo-positivist nhlobo empeleni esenyukele Metaphysics, badonswa, baphuma isayensi. Neopositivists waqhubeka encike empiricism. Bona waya ifilosofi logic of isayensi. Postpositivists wazama sihlaziye umthelela ekuthuthukiseni isayensi izici "nonscientific" (kwamasiko, ezingokomoya, ezingokwenhlalo). Kulesi sigaba, isayensi uqalile ukuze uxhumane isimo senhlalo. Kusukela ngalowo mzuzu kuqhubeke isayensi waqala zefilosofi sihloko ethembisayo ezithakazelisayo. Eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma neopositivists postpositivists futhi okugcinwa kusebenza kuze kube sesikhathini samanje.

Kukhona into okuthiwa inkinga njengezisulu zakhe ngefilosofi yesayensi. Libhekisela inkinga ukukhula ulwazi lwesayensi, ukutadisha ukuvela isayensi kanye nentuthuko yayo zonke izigaba yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle. Ifilosofi isayensi sifuna kutfutfukisa imihlahlandlela zefilosofi ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga. Inkinga eyinhloko ifilosofi nesayensi inkinga ngemvelaphi ulwazi lwesayensi uqobo. Ngokuvamile, zonke izinkinga zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu: inkinga of ifilosofi nesayensi, okuvela izici wefilosofi; izinkinga phakathi isayensi uqobo; izinkinga nokuxhumana phakathi kwenkohliso eyize isayensi.