Umqondo oyisisekelo ikhwalithi kanye nekhwalithi izimfanelo

Quality - ebaluleke kakhulu umthengi izici izimpahla noma amasevisi. Izinga edingekayo bungatholakala ngesisekelo nenqubo enqunywe ibhizinisi ngokwayo noma, isibonelo, lezo eziqukethwe amazinga isimo. Kwezinye izimo, izibalo akhiwa ngesisekelo umthengi okulindele. Asho ukuthini igama elithi "izinga 'e Russian abezindaba ochwepheshe? Yini kungaba izici zako ezisemqoka?

kwencazelo izinga

Umqondo izinga abacwaningi eziningi ezihlobene ukuqoqwa izakhiwo ezithile, ukubukeka, nemibandela ukusetshenziswa izimpahla, okuyinto elichaza umkhiqizo ngokuya injongo yawo. izimpawu ezifanele yakha izimfuneko okumelwe bahlangabezane nazo umkhiqizo, kokubili ezingeni kwemibhalo iphrojekthi, futhi isici langempela umthengi izindawo emphahleni.

Ikhwalithi kanye emakethe

Encwadini umnotho emakethe, nomqondo izinga ngokuyinhloko kuhlobene nezinga imithetho ukunikezela. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana izici abafanele komkhiqizo kunqunywa ngokuyinhloko umthengi. Uma umakhi ihlangana lokhu okulindelekile, kuyoba ukuthenga izimpahla. Nokho, inani elikhulu ku-formula futhi izindleko zokuxhumana. Iqiniso lokuthi izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu kwezimpahla, ngokuvamile kuhilela eside kubiza nomkhiqizi ukuthuthukisa ilungelo umkhiqizo umqondo ukuthengwa izinto ezidingekayo, sizithibe ngesilinganiso phezu Ukukhishwa kanye ukwamukelwa komkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, eliphezulu izimpahla ngokuvamile kusho ukudayiswa kwalo okwalandela e ezifanele lebanga lentengo. Umbuzo uwukuthi ngabe umthengi uzimisele ukuthenga umkhiqizo, siqala qualitative, ngentengo isethi.

izinkomba izinga

Umqondo kuhilela sokunquma izici ikhwalithi izimpahla, ngokusekelwe imingcele ethile. Phakathi kwalabo:

- sokunquma ekubizweni umkhiqizo;

- ukusebenza umkhiqizo ukuthembeka;

- izici umkhiqizo ngokuya Standardization;

- nenqubo ergonomic;

- isikhalo tebuciko;

- izici umkhiqizo ngokuya nokulandela imithetho patent and izenzo zomthetho emkhakheni ukuvikeleka kwempahla ebhaliwe yengqondo;

- nenqubo kwemvelo;

- izici isici ukuphepha umkhiqizo.

Manje ukufunda indlela okungase kwenziwe ukuhlolwa izinga izimpahla.

ukuhlolwa Quality: izindlela inhloso

It kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela eziningi. Cabanga ethandwa kakhulu.

Ngakho, zikhona izindlela umgomo sokunquma izinga.

Phakathi kwalabo is wokulinganisa. Ucabanga ukuhlonza izinkomba kwamanani izinga. Ngokolwazi kwakhiwa okuyinto lapho kuqashwa zomculo lobuchwepheshe kanye nezinye izinsimbi zomculo wokulinganisa (isib ka reagents chemical). Ukuhlanganyela izinsiza Kwenziwa ikhumbula esungulwe Izindlela zokuhlola izinga. Ngu yokulinganisa angathola abayikho ngaphandle komkhiqizo noma ezinye izakhiwo zaso zokusebenza. Umqondo lomkhiqizo ngenxa isidingo ukuthola ngokunembile ukuthi nemingcele ezifanele. Indlela yokulinganisa Ngalo mqondo, kungase kube Irreplaceable. Ukunemba - inzuzo yayo esemqoka.

Kukhona indlela yokubhalisa ngawo umkhiqizo kungenziwa esikalini izinga. Kusekelwe okwashiwo nokubala okwalandela izenzakalo ezithile, izimpahla izibonelo ekhiqizwa noma izindleko ezihlobene umkhiqizo wabo. Through kungenzeka indlela yokubhalisa kunqunywa, isibonelo, inani imisebenzi engalungile esiqalisweni sezinhlelo izindlela ukuthi zikhona umkhiqizo. Futhi nge ukubandakanywa insimbi kungenziwa labizwa ngokuthi imikhiqizo uhlobo oluthile, njenge unqambothi futhi lesibili ekilasini.

Kwezinye izimo, kungase kube icele ukubala indlela. Umqondo izinga kungenziwa ixhunyiwe, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, hhayi kuphela umkhiqizo osuphelile, kodwa futhi ne izigaba yentuthuko yayo phrojekthi. Indlela yokubala ngaleyo ndlela ingasetshenziswa belingisa izinga izimpahla siphelile ngesikhathi okuklama. Idatha kokuqala ngokusebenzisa ithuluzi esifanelekile kungaba ulwazi (isb, Ukucaciswa izingxenye ngabanye noma izindlela abakhona kule nokwakheka umkhiqizo) noma izinto ukuba izakhiwo ezithile (okuyinto yena, kungaba yisici esibalulekile kumiswa Product ukusebenza izakhiwo).

heuristics

Umqondo lomkhiqizo ingaphinda elihlobene ne ukusebenza izindlela heuristic ekunqumeni ukucacisa komkhiqizo efanele.

Phakathi kwalabo organoleptic. Usikisela ukuba anqume izinga izimpahla, lapho indima esemqoka udlalwa yi-izinzwa womuntu. Lapho wasebenzisa indlela organoleptic, sitadisha nephunga, ukunambitheka umkhiqizo, ezinye impahla yayo ngokomzimba. Uma kudingekile, umuntu study umkhiqizo angasebenzisa izesekeli: nangezibonakhulu, analyzers, imibhobho, njll ...

Phakathi kwezinye heuristics uchwepheshe. Umqondo ikhwalithi yezimpahla sihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwalo njalo ekutholweni izici ezithile zomkhathi lapho umkhiqizo. A indima enkulu emizameni yokuthuthukisa indlela elungile play ochwepheshe - abantu abaye imfundo ekhethekile noma isipiliyoni kuphoqelelwe yokunquma edingekayo umkhiqizo nemingcele. Umbono abasebenzi abenza imisebenzi bangadlala indima esiwujuqu, futhi ungakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi asizayo. Kwezinye izimo, izazi zisanda kuhlola kubalulekile uma uqhathanisa imiphumela eyatholakala nabanye heuristics noma izindlela Inhloso yocwaningo quality umkhiqizo.

Ukuze izindlela heuristic ngokuvamile okukhulunywa njengoba lwezenhlalo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngezindlela eziningi ithi ayifane naleyo labizwa ngokuthi inhloso. Ngakho, imiphumela vo, eqinisweni, ethunjwa ukubhaliswa izindlela. Nokho, incazelo yaleli Imiphumela oluhambisana nenqubo heuristic.

Umqondo uhlelo imikhiqizo izinga kule ibhizinisi ngokuvamile kudinga ukubandakanywa amasu amaningana okukhulunywa ngakho, kanye nezinye eyandile emphakathini ucwaningo. Konke kuncike izici ezithile umkhiqizo kanye nemibandela ededelwa ngo inkampani.

nenqubo yekhwalithi

Sencazelo "izinga 'imiqondo, kanye ezinye izinkomba kungenzeka siye sahlola. Manje ukufunda zezilwane nokumilayo zokuhlola kungenziwa kunqunywa olufanele ukucacisa komkhiqizo ngaphansi kwazo. Umqondo izinga kuhilela ekutadisheni izici izimpahla kukhona ezibangelwa eziningi izigaba ezisemqoka.

Ngakho, kukhona imibandela generalizing. Lokhu kungafaka, isibonelo, ubukhulu komkhiqizo, umthamo yayo, ibanga, yokukhiqiza impahla. Lezi zindlela ezihlobene kuvame, kusukela nemingcele elihambisana kungaba ncamashi umkhiqizo iqembu elifanayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngamunye wabo angaba lungachazwa yini imininingwane yalolu Sakhiwo sangekhatsi.

Kukhona isimo sokunquma eziyinkimbinkimbi. Basikisela ukuthi ukubala kuzothatha izici eziningana umkhiqizo, okuyinto kuhlobene. Lokhu kungaba, isibonelo, ikhono yomkhiqizo ukuze asebenze esebenzisa imithombo yamandla eziningana, isib, kusuka lapho uphuma khona futhi kusukela ibhethri. Ukufaneleka izinga lomkhiqizo zingaba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngesisekelo inombolo kungenzeka amahora ukuphila kwebhetri yayo kusukela kwebhetri futhi kusukela ibhethri ukushaja izinga.

Kukhona yena, nenqubo ngakunye ikhwalithi yezimpahla. Abakwazi oluthathwa ku labo agcwele umkhiqizo ngokuya nokwethenjelwa, ezingeni nesimo sengqondo sokuzivumelanisa nezimo, ukusebenziseka, Standardization noma, isibonelo, ukusebenza kahle kwezomnotho. Ngokuvamile, nalezi zindlela ngokwanele ahlukaniswe. Nakuba Yiqiniso, ezinye zazo kungaba kubhekwe emongweni ofanayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, imikhiqizo zobuchwepheshe ezimweni eziningi kufaka induduzo ukuzisebenzisa. Kodwa lokhu akulona njalo kunjalo, njengoba ngaphansi manufacturability kungaqondakala ngendlela hhayi kuphela ukulawula umkhiqizo, kodwa futhi izinto ukwakhiwa. Kungenzeka kahle imfanelo aphansi ngokuya impahla eluhlaza lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla engcona ukuba usebenze kunaleyo okwenziwe ngezinqubo zobuchwepheshe obuphambili izinto.

Uhlelo of ukuphathwa izinga kule ibhizinisi

Umqondo futhi izinkomba izinga amabhizinisi yesimanje, bathambekele ukuthola ukuma uhlelo. Okungukuthi, izidingo izici ezihlukahlukene imikhiqizo avele uzinze, basuke yakhiqizwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Njengomthetho, silotshwe amazinga kanye nezinkambiso. izinga System isiqinisekiso uhlobo amabhizinisi ihlinzeka ukukhululwa njalo izimpahla elihambisana oyifunayo isicelo izakhiwo. Ukuba khona kwezinkambiso iyunifomu namazinga angathuthukisa kwemikhiqizo lifakazelwa. Standardization kuleli cala kungabuye kwenziwe phezu isiqondiso wezomthetho ezingeni. nezindlela ezifanele, ngakho esibophezelayo hhayi kuphela inkampani ethile, kodwa futhi ukuze umkhakha olulodwa noma emnothweni kazwelonke iyonke.

Umqondo ukuphathwa izinga kudinga ukulawula multi-step wokukhulula kwezimpahla ukuhambisana namazinga neziqondiso ukuthi bavunyelwa ngumbuso, umkhakha noma imithombo yendawo umthetho. Tadisha izici ezifanele izimpahla kungaba kwenziwe ngesikhathi komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane yayo (njengoba sishilo ngenhla), kanye ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa noma ukulethwa. umkhiqizo izinga ukulawula izifundo kungaba kokubili naphakathi-isakhiwo kanye neziphathimandla zikahulumeni.

Eziseqhulwini kahulumeni namabhizinisi

Ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, sibonile ukuthi ikhwalithi yezimpahla akhiqizwa umnotho emakethe ngokuyinhloko kuhlobene nezinga imithetho ukunikezela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abathengi zingakwazi ukukhiqiza iqoqo criteria lokhu kuvumelana abakulindele kufanele zifane ekhiqizwa elilodwa noma kwenye brand imikhiqizo, ngakolunye - ikhasimende ulindele umkhiqizo ngesikhathi intengo imali. Kule ndaba, isidingo Standardization of izinqubo zebhizinisi, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokulawula izinga imikhiqizo izovela ukulibona kwezentengiselwano, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala. Uma sikwenza kungaxegi ayidingekile afeze ukulinganisa kanye nokuqapha ukukhiqizwa, ngeke neze ukuncintisana.

Kodwa lokho kungase kube ezithakazelisayo yembuso kwenziwe izilinganiso izinga ekhiqizwa amabhizinisi izimpahla? It zingachazwa ngezinqubo yezizathu eziningana.

Okokuqala, Standardization kwezimpahla isimo - ngokudingeka nomphakathi. Iqiniso lokuthi umthengi ulinde ezingeni oyifunayo izinga imikhiqizo ethile, lidlulisela imibono yabo umenzi ngokungaqondile, ngokusebenzisa imakethe izindlela isidingo. Isimo ngokufanayo, kusiza ukuxhumana phakathi umthengi kanye umphakeli ezingeni kuncike imiyalezo ulwazi ngesimo imithetho ukuthi izindinganiso ebekiwe. Ukuhambisana kwabo kuzosiza amabhizinisi ukuletha imikhiqizo emakethe, ngakho abantu badinga.

Okwesibili, state ezimweni eziningi - isihloko kwamaZwe. umsebenzi wakhe - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi kunokuncintisana emnothweni kazwelonke. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa amazinga emazingeni athile ukukhiqizwa Kungenzeka isandla kulesi. Iqiniso lokuthi ibhizinisi elilodwa akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufinyelela nenqubo oludingekayo sokukwazi ukuncintisana ezingeni lamazwe izinqubo zebhizinisi. Futhi, ochwepheshe ababa amazinga isimo, njengoba umthetho, ngokuyisisekelo izidingo ezidingekayo bayazi kahle.

Okwesithathu, Standardization Kubalulekile isimo ngokuya nokusimama kwezomnotho uhlelo izinhlaka, ikakhulukazi umkhakha. Uma isitshalo ngasinye uyoveza izimpahla ngezindinganiso zabo, abathengi imikhiqizo enjalo ingase ibe ngaphansi kakhulu kunalokho uma inkampani banamathela ukukhiqizwa amazinga isimo: kwemigomo imikhiqizo efanele ngeke nje simane siyishalazele uhambisane labo izidingo amakhasimende. Imithetho elisungulwe umthetho, ifomu, ngokuvamile iyunifomu yonke umkhakha noma ngisho jikelele nenqubo emakethe umkhiqizo kwedivayisi. ukuhlanganisa ezinjalo kusiza ukuxhumana kusuka abakhiqizi futhi abathengi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, inikeza uhlelo yezomnotho esimeme iyonke.

ikhwalithi yamasevisi

Ngakho siye safunda nemiqondo eyisisekelo izinga, isici wemboni ukukhiqizwa. Kodwa kukhona inala neminye imisebenzi yomuntu yesimanje, uphakamisele bani leli gama lisho.

Ngakho, uma kuziwa ibhizinisi, kukhona nomqondo izinga inkonzo. Zinikeza kakhulu ezahlukene kusukela supply kwezimpahla, naphezu kwalokhu, ama- lemisiwe izici efanele kakhulu ingafanisa. Kanye nezindlela.

Services, ngokungafani izimpahla, kunzima elichaza ngokubonakala yabo. Iqiniso lokuthi into izimo zabo kakhulu ubona umphumela imisebenzi wesevisi kunalokho ngamunye. Izikhungo Standardization kunalokho uhlamvu nohlaka. Futhi kulo mqondo ukuphambuka kungenzeka ezindinganisweni ibhizinisi oyifunayo kungenzeka kakade uphumelele ukwenyusa izinga lokuncintisana. Barber, ukunikela kwekhanda lokudala amakhasimende ababengazange kwake owaziwayo nokucwala kungayandisa kakhulu kwayo imvelo umthengi.

Ngokuphathelene amasevisi wemboni njengesizathu esinomthelela njengoba kunjalo nokukhiqizwa kwezimpahla zinqunywa yimithetho ukunikezela kakhulu. Nokho, ezidingweni abahlinzeki iklayenti inkonzo ngokuvamile uthola empirically umuntu ngamunye hhayi zisuselwe yokuthandwayo esekelwe wamemezela izifiso ngazinye iklayenti, noma imithetho fixed ezingeni izindinganiso isimo. Wamasevisi, has ezimweni eziningi inkululeko enkudlwana zamanani, nokukhawulela, njengoba umthetho, kuphela ezingeni ukuncintinsana emakethe a ingxenye ethize, noma uma isitsha liyingxenye encane, lizinga ngokufunwa, okuyinto incike solvency nezinye izici zenhlalo izethameli eziqondiwe abathengi.

Isici social izinga

Kukhona igama elithi "izinga lempilo". Umqondo yayo edidayo kakhulu bachaza abacwaningi. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ngqo kwehlisa kuya ezingeni imali yomuntu. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi "izinga lempilo" - sekwadlula ngaphezulu emvelweni, engaphansi ukwenzani emnothweni, njengoba imvelo. Abanye ochwepheshe cabanga eside efanelekile ukusuka iphuzu Ngenxa ukuphelela tikhungo tetenhlalo. Ngakho, umqondo izinga lemfundo, ezingeni yentuthuko wezokwelapha, imithetho wadlula isimo, kungaba ngokuqondile okuhlobene esigabeni embuzweni.

Kukhona incazelo ngokwengqondo leli gama mbuzo. Ngakho, kukhona welithi "izinga ubuntu." incazelo yabo kwezinye izimo kungaba ngempela subjective. izimfanelo siqu - kuyinto esigabeni elilinganisiwe. esifanayo izici ezingokwengqondo kungahunyushwa ngabantu ezahlukene indlela ezihluke, esekelwe umbono siqu usizo nokuhlobana yomkhakha ethile yomphakathi.