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UMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele: umlando eminyaka ubudala

Umlando eMoscow ezibiyele evela phakathi nekhulu leshumi nanye, lapho nezivikelo lokuqala Borovitsky egqumeni, ngalokwanele okusikhumbuza izinqaba izithiyo ezakhiwa. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala annalistic yalezi izitshalo ngomhla 1147. Futhi 1238 ayehlasela Tatar-Mongol isicaba ukwakhiwa esilula. Kamuva, ngo-1264 esizeni izikhulu eMoscow ezibiyele eMoscow unit zitholakala. Ukuvikela zokuhlala kwesikhulu kabusha Kremlin. UMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele ezakhiwa oluthandwa oki, kodwa izakhiwo ngokhuni saba sifushane, ngokuvamile eshile libhujiswa izikhukhula.

Kusukela 1367, umyalo Prince Dmitry Donskoy ezibiyele wakha kokumhlophe itshe coquina. "Itshe White" ethiwa yemicimbi yemihla isikhathi eMoscow. Nokho, itshe kwenzakala impahla ebuthaka, hhayi withstanding izikhukhula ezindlini "wahamba" phansi. Ekugcineni, ngo-Maphakathi nekhulu le-15, iqembu abaklami Italian ngaphansi kokuqondisa Antonio solari kwaqalwa ukwakhiwa ezibiyele ezintsha njengoba izinqaba lempi, engakaze ibonwe inqaba kwabo amandla kabi, i lenqaba ungenakunqotshwa. Material obomvu isitini deification likhethiwe, futhi embhoshongweni eMoscow ezibiyele kusukela abamhlophe laqala iba nsundu ngokubomvu.

Ukwakhiwa kwaqhubeka waze 1495. kwemibhoshongo amabili ezakhiwa - ukuhamba amane nesithupha izinqaba. Towers bajoyine amabili izindonga jagged nge izintuba. Ubude yonke Ekugcineni udonga "silwa Yiqiniso," lapho amasosha khulula ukuhambisa kusuka umbhoshongo Tower. Namuhla eMoscow ezibiyele akahlukile eyakhelwe engamakhulu ayisithupha edlule. Umbhoshongo efanayo futhi odongeni efanayo. Kuphela wayengabhekiseli ekufezeni indima inqaba dudula ukuhlaselwa isitha, njengoba lesikhumbuzo ezinkulu lenani wobuciko kanye zomlando.

Moscow ezibiyele eyakhelwe esime unxantathu okungajwayelekile, uhlangothi zazo, East, Kushalazela Red Square. Zonke kwemibhoshongo YaseMoscow ezibiyele benziwe eyodwa. The main umbhoshongo - Spassky - ezakhelene Cathedral St Basil sika. Ekupheleni okuphambene Red Square, ngokumelene Museum zomlando, proeznaya elise Nikolskaya Tower. Alexander Garden eqhubeka eduze ntshonalanga ohlangothini Kremlin. A ekhoneni Vodovzvodnaya Tower kuphakamisa Moskvoretskaya eningizimu imigqa, ne kokuphela e Beklemishev round umbhoshongo. Umugqa emaphakathi Alexander zintathu umbhoshongo ngobukhulu okuyinto ixhunywe umbhoshongo Kutafia legatsha ehlukile wesifunda jikelele Kremlin. Ezinye kwemibhoshongo YaseMoscow ezibiyele ayegcina izindinyana imfihlo ngomshoshaphansi.

On ingaphakathi endaweni eMoscow ezibiyele ababhishobhi atholakala isikwele lombhishobhi. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu kuphela. Assumption Cathedral, lapho kanye ebekiwe umqhele amakhosi Russian futhi ngacula rites ukugcotshwa abefundisi Russian ephakeme. I wokugcina kweNyuka Cathedral wagcotshwa esikhundleni uMbusi waseRussia uNicholas Second, kwaba ngo-1886. Cathedral elakhiwa ngo 1479 by wezakhiwo Aristotle Fioravanti. Assumption Cathedral inkunzi wazama ukubhubhisa amasosha Napoli e 1812. Eminyakeni eyikhulu kamuva lombhishobhi bekulimele ngesikhathi kubhikisha wamavukelambuso ngo-1917.

Futhi ngaleso Cathedral Square YaseMoscow ezibiyele kuyinto Cathedral of the Annunciation, elakhiwa ngo-1489 abakhi kusukela Pskov. Leli thempeli wayezelwe njengoba esontweni kwesikhulu kanye Sekuyisikhathi eside ekhonza njengesikhonzi esishumayela isikhathi ithempeli izikhulu eMoscow. Tyablovym iconostasis ubudala abadumile, izithonjana owabhala Andrei Rublev futhi Theophanes esiGrekini. Cathedral of the Annunciation wahlushwa kakhulu ngesikhathi amabhomu wezikhali le ezibiyele ngo-1917.

Lapho, ngo-isikwele lombhishobhi, ayimkhangi nge bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo ezinhle kakhulu Ekulu Cathedral, elakhiwa ngo-1509 esizeni ukwakhiwa lombhishobhi ubudala e-1333. Esikhathini esidlule, isonto elithile kwaba endaweni yokungcwaba ababusi eMoscow, lapho has a yamathuna. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange amahlanu nane lombhishobhi ecabangela ukungcwatshwa kwami. Tsar Alexis no-Ivan Kalita, Ivan Grozny futhi Mikhail Fedorovich. Ngo-1929, isonto lombhishobhi oseleyo amakhosazana nezindlovukazi Ascension Monastery bathunyelwa. Zonke amasonto we ezibiyele seziyasebenza futhi ngisho Museum setfulo umthwalo uma uvakashela amathimba abo.

Esikhathini eMoscow ezibiyele iyona Armoury - emnyuziyamu ezinkulu kubaluleke kakhulu nge iqoqo olunzulu ziphephile ezingavamile 17-20 eminyaka. Ziningi amahholo embukisweni tshela izivakashi ne ukuphila futhi ukuphila siqu tsars Russian. Abaqeqeshi kuhambo olusemthethweni nezinqola elula, ihhashi amahhanisi nge namantombazane esiliva, nehhashi amahhanisi, tableware bobukhosi, silverware, izitsha, izinkulungwane nezinkulungwane ayithemu ngaleso sikhathi. I Armoury futhi iqoqo imisebenzi edumile enkantolo ngamagugu noKarla Faberzhe. setfulo Hlukanisa ethulwa Easter amaqanda nge Faberge.

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