Ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi ebhizinisini: kuphi ukuqala? Uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa kokuphepha emsebenzini

Ezimweni zanamuhla zokungahlali komphakathi kanye nokwakhiwa komnotho, indima ebalulekile idlalwe yi-service yokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi ebhizinisini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinkinga ezihlotshaniswa nokubheka amalungelo abasebenzi kumabhizinisi ukuze kube nezimo ezinhle zokusebenza nokuvikeleka ngokushelela okukhulu.

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi eRussia eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule, cishe yonke imikhakha yomnotho kazwelonke inezimo zokusebenza ezibucayi, inani lezimbangela ezimbi zokukhiqiza liye landa. Futhi, idatha ibonisa ukuthi inani lezingozi liye landa, isikhathi sokuphila sesinciphile, futhi ezinye izifo zezifo zomsebenzi seziye zaba.

Imibuzo mayelana nesidingo sokuvikelwa komsebenzi ebhizinisini, lapho uqala khona ukudala insizakalo efanele, ihlinzekwe kulesi sihloko.

Idatha yesitatimende

Uma siqhathanisa izibalo zokulimala okubulalayo kwamazwe athuthukile ngabasebenzi abangu-1000, isithombe sizoba kanje:

• I-Russia - 0.139;
• I-Finland - 0.038;
• I-United States - 0.054;
• I-Great Britain - 0.016;
• I-Japan - 0.02.

Futhi isici sesici ukuthi emabhizinisini wombuso lesi sibalo siyingxenye yezingasese.

Izinhloko zezinhlangano kufanele zikhumbule ukuthi ukuphepha kufanele kube khona okokuqala. Ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi ebhizinisini akukwenzeki kakhulu, ezindaweni zokusebenzela kuhlale kudingekile ukugcina izidingo ezibekwa phambili ngamazinga ahambelana namazwe ngamazwe.

Izenzo zomthetho ngokuvikelwa komsebenzi

Umthetho olawula ubudlelwane bomthetho emkhakheni wokuphepha kwabasebenzi nokuvikelwa uboniswa yimithetho nemigomo elandelayo:

• Umthethosisekelo weRussia Federation - Isigaba 37, isigaba 3;
• Ikhodi Yezabasebenzi: Izihloko 211-221;
• Umthetho we-Federal on Protection of Labor;
• I-Civil Code ye-Russian Federation: izihloko 1064-1101;
• Imithetho kaMnyango wezeMpilo;
• Izinqumo zikaHulumeni.

I-Federal Law ithi abaqashi banoma yiziphi izinhlangano baphoqelekile ukuba bahambisane nezidingo zemithetho ephathelene nokuphepha komsebenzi wabantu, ukuthi uhlelo lokuphepha lomsebenzi ebhizinisini kumele luhleleke nakanjani.

Imithwalo yomqashi

Ngokwezidingo zokuvikelwa komsebenzi, inhloko kumele:

• Dala izimo emsebenzini, okumele uhambisane nemigomo yemithetho;
• Ukugcina imigomo yokufakazela izindawo zokusebenza;
• Ukwamukela isisebenzi ngokwezakho kusho ukuchitha ucwaningo lwalo lwezokwelapha, futhi ngaphandle kokuhlola ukungavumeli ukusebenza;
• Ngesikhathi esilungiselelwe noma izinkomba zezokwelapha zokuhlola isisebenzi sokugcina indawo yomsebenzi kanye nesilinganiso semali.

Izinga lokuphepha emsebenzini

Ukugcwaliseka kwemfuneko yokuhlanzeka nokuhlanzeka, okumele kuhambisane nomsebenzi, izimo eziphephile, isinxephezelo esimweni sokukhiqiza okulimazayo - yilokho okudingekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi ebhizinisini.

Amadokhumenti, izenzo zomthetho zalesi siqondiso zihlukaniswa zibe yi-standardative futhi ezijwayelekile zokusebenza.

Iqoqo lezinhlelo ezijwayelekile zokugcina imiqulu libeka imigomo yezimo zokusebenza, okungukuthi, izidingo ezibekiwe ezingeni lezinto ezilimazayo ekukhiqizeni. Amadokhumenti alolu hlobo amelelwa yiMigomo - izidingo ze-Standard Standard ye-Russian Federation kanye nemithetho nemigomo yoMnyango WezeMpilo we-Russian Federation.

Uhlu olujwayelekile nolwazi lobuchwepheshe lwemibhalo luqukethe imiyalo, imigomo nemithetho. Yenzelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa okuphelele kwabasebenzi - abantu abaqashiwe - ezivela ezinobungozi eziyingozi nezingozi ezempilo.

Isimo sesigaba se-OSH

Yonke imenenja yebhizinisi elisanda kudala linemibuzo engokwemvelo: "Yini okufanele isebenze ukuvikelwa ebhizinisini, lapho uqala khona ukudala le nkonzo futhi yimuphi umsebenzi wayo?"

Isakhiwo esinikeziwe senziwa ekudalweni nasekulawuleni izimo zomsebenzi ophilile futhi ophephile kwabasebenzi, futhi ubukele ukubonakala kwezifo zobuchwepheshe nokungenakwamkelwa kwezingozi.

UMnyango WezokuVikela Kwabasebenzi ukuhlukaniswa kwesakhiwo sebhizinisi ngesimo esizimele, esibika ngokuqondile kumqondisi.

Yenza imisebenzi yayo ngokubambisana nangokubambisana eduze ne-union kanye nezinye iziqephu zezinhlangano, kanye neziphathimandla zendawo zalesi siqondiso kanye nokuhlolwa kwabasebenzi.

Imisebenzi yokuphatha yeyunithi

Le sevisi yakhelwe ukwenza imisebenzi enjalo yokulawula:

• Ukwenza ukulawula okuphoqelekile ekuvikeleni abasebenzi ngokusebenza kwamanye amasevisi nokuhlukaniswa kweziyalezo zokuvimbela izifo zomsebenzi kanye nezingozi nokuqapha ukusebenza kwazo;
• Ukulawula ukuthuthukiswa okwesikhashana nokufaka izicelo, okuphathelene nokuhlinzeka kwabasebenzi abanezixhobo ezikhethekile, ama-overalls, imishini yokuzivikela;
• Ukulawula ukuqaliswa kwezentuthuko ezintsha zesayensi emkhakheni wokuphepha emsebenzini;
• Ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezidingo zobuchwepheshe ngesimo semishini, izinhlelo, izakhiwo nezakhiwo;
• Ukuqapha isimo semvelo yezimboni.

Imisebenzi yokusebenza yomnyango

Ngaphezu kwabaphathi, i-unit iyadingeka ukwenza imisebenzi kanye nokusebenza, okulandelayo:

• Thola izimbangela futhi uhlaziye isimo sokukhubazeka emsebenzini nokulimala emsebenzini;
• Yenza umsebenzi ngesitifiketi sezindawo zokusebenzela futhi uhlele isitifiketi sabo sokungcola kanye nobuchwepheshe;
• Phatha coaching;
• Ukufeza ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa izimo zokusebenza, izinyathelo zempilo-sanitary;
• Bamba iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni izivumelwano zabasebenzi;
• Bamba iqhaza emisebenzini yamakhomishana asebenza ekuthumeni izindawo zokukhiqiza noma ezakhiwe kabusha;
• Bamba iqhaza kumakhomishini ekuqinisekiseni abasebenzi.

Ukuphathwa kweyunithi yokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi

Ngokomthetho wezabaSebenzi weRussian Federation, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi wezabasebenzi kuhulumeni ophephile uhlala nenhloko yenhlangano. Unesibopho sokuqaliswa komsebenzi ofanelekile, kanti uma umholi wokuqala engekho, unjiniyela oyinhloko uthatha i-baton - lokhu kunikezwa ngemfundo yakhe (esemthethweni). Injini yokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi kuleli cala ihambisana nokuqondisa ngqo kuye.

Le nsizakalo kufanele iholwa ngumphathi onolwazi lomsebenzi onjalo, uyakwazi ukuhlela, ukuhola nokuyilawula.

Abasebenzi bale nkonzo kumele babe namakhono asebenzayo embonini efanele kanye nemfundo ephakeme emkhakheni.

Ukuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi

Umthetho weRussian Federation ekuvikelweni komsebenzi unikeza ukuthi bonke abasebenzi bezinhlangano, kuhlanganise nabaphathi, kumele badlule ukuhlolwa kolwazi nokuqeqeshwa ekuvikelweni komsebenzi ngaphandle kokunye.

Inqubo evamile yale nqubo isungulwa yiModeli Yokuhlinzekwa evunyelwe yiSigwebo se-Ministry of Labor No. 65 ka-Okthoba 12, 1994.

Ngokwale dokhumenti, abaphathi bokuqala, okungukuthi, umqondisi nomqondisi omkhulu, kanye namalungu amakomidi ahlola ulwazi mayelana nokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi, kumele aqeqeshwe futhi ahlolwe ulwazi mayelana nokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi ezikoleni ezikhethekile.

Uhlelo lokuqeqesha ekuvikelweni komsebenzi lwakhiwe ngqo kumabhizinisi embonini ethile, ukukhiqiza noma umsebenzi futhi uhambelana nemibandela yokusebenza kanye nemininingwane yenhlangano.

Inhloso yokuqeqesha okunjalo ukuthuthukisa ulwazi namakhono ochwepheshe nabaphathi okudingekayo ukulawula ulwazi nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi bebhizinisi labo, kanye nokuhlinzekela i-PA kumabhizinisi wonke.

Esikhathini sokuqeqeshwa, sifunda:

• Izenzo zomthetho nezomthetho;
• Amandla nemisebenzi yezindikimba zokulawula isimo;
• Imisebenzi kanye namalungelo okuphathwa kukahulumeni emkhakheni wokulawula ukuhambisana neMithetho;
• Indlela yokwakha nokuphatha i-RT yebhizinisi ebhizinisini;
• Izimo zokukhiqiza ezilimazayo, umthelela wazo nokuvikelwa kwabo;
• Ukulandelana kwezenzo ezenzweni nophenyo nokubhaliswa kwezingozi zezifo zomsebenzi;
• Uhlu lwezenzo ezisindayo, eziyingozi nezingozi, kanye nenxephezelo;
• Izinhlangano zomphakathi ukulawula ukugcinwa kwezintshisekelo zabasebenzi namalungelo abo.

Ukusungulwa kweyunithi yokuvikela abasebenzi

Ezinhlanganweni eziqasha abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu, kubalulekile ukudala leyunithi njengesivikelo somsebenzi ebhizinisini. Ungaqala kanjani ukwakheka kwenkonzo efanele yomholi wokuqala?

Isinqumo sendlela nokuthi yiluphi usizo oluzosetshenziswa ekuvikelweni komsebenzi, luzokwamukelwa kuye ngokuthi yiliphi ibhizinisi.

Kunoma yikuphi, ukuqala, udinga:

• Ukutadisha ithebula labasebenzi kanye nezigaba zabasebenzi, lokhu kuzokwenzela ukuqondiswa kwesinyathelo esengeziwe;
• Ukunquma ukuthi yiyiphi yabasebenzi abazokwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yokulawulwa komphakathi emsebenzini;
• Ukwethulwa kubasebenzi beyunithi yunjiniyela wezokuvikela nokuphepha kwabasebenzi;
• Ochwepheshe bomnyango obhekene nokwenza umsebenzi kule ndawo, futhi izinhloko zenhlangano kufanele zifunde esikhungweni sokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi emsebenzini amahora amane;
• Ukuhleleka kwebhizinisi kuchaza isilinganiso somthwalo wokuphulwa kwezidingo zokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi kanye nohlu lwezikhulu eziwela ngaphansi kwalo;
• Ukwenza ushintsho kwisakhiwo sebhizinisi kanye nesimiso sokusebenza esihlotshaniswa nokwakhiwa kweyunithi elisha, lapho kukhishwa khona umyalelo ofanelekile (ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi ebhizinisini kuzoba nomnyango onenani elithile labachwepheshe elizobalwa ngesamba sabasebenzi benhlangano ngokulandela izincomo ezifakwe kuMthethonqubo Ukuvikelwa kwabasebenzi);
• Thuthukisa izincazelo zemisebenzi futhi waziwa nabasebenzi abafanele;
• Zonke izinhlobo zokukhulumisana kufanele zihlelwe futhi zilungiswe ngomyalelo ofanelekile ngemigomo kanye nabantu abanomthwalo wemfanelo.

Izincwadi ze-OSH

Noma iyiphi insizakalo ebhizinisini akumele ifeze imisebenzi yayo kuphela, kodwa futhi igcine uhlu lwamarekhodi e-accounting afana nomsebenzi wayo. Lokhu kufanele futhi kubhekane nokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi ebhizinisini. Ukuqala kanjani ukwakheka kwamadokhumenti ayo, kuxoxwa ngezansi.

Amadokhumenti, okuyinto umnyango we-OSH unesibopho sokugcina, kanje:

• Uhlu lwezinkinga okufanele zifakwe emibhalweni;
• Uhlelo lokuqhuba kanye nokubhaliswa kwezinhlobo zazo zonke izinkulumo ;
• Uhlu oluqondile, ngokusho okuqondene nomsebenzi webhizinisi, imisebenzi kanye nezinhlobo zomsebenzi ezidinga ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni kwezokwelapha;
• Amashejuli okuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okuhleliwe;
• Uhlu lwezingubo ezikhethekile kanye nemishini ekhethekile ekhishwe mahhala;
• Irejista yemiyalo nemiyalo;
• Imagrafu yokuhlolwa kolwazi;
• Isethi yemiyalelo yokusebenza kanye nemiyalelo yokuvikelwa komsebenzi ngokwabo;
• Uhlu lwemisebenzi eyingozi nemilayezo yokuqokwa kwalabo abaphethe ukuziphatha kwabo;
• Irejista yezimvume zomsebenzi onobungozi;
• Uhlelo lokuqeqesha ngokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi kanye nesikhathi sokuziphatha kwalo;
• Irejista yokukhishwa kwamaxwebhu ekuvikelweni komsebenzi;
• Iphephabhuku le-akhawunti kanye nezenzo zokuphenya kwezingozi;
• Imiyalo kulabo abathintekayo kagesi, igesi, ukusebenza kwempahla kanye nokuphakamisa izindlela, izakhiwo nezakhiwo.