Ukuphuza amazinga amanzi: GOST, SanPiN, uhlelo lokulawula izinga

Amanzi - kungcono element, ngaphandle okuyinto ngeke kwenzeke ukuvela lwezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Umzimba womuntu, njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo, ngeke kube khona kungekho amanzi anikeza ukuphila, ngoba ngaphandle kwalo ngeke isebenze, akukho cell emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa izinga amanzi okuphuza umsebenzi obalulekile kwanoma iyiphi ukucabanga ngempilo yabo nokuhlala indoda.

Kungani amanzi

Amanzi umzimba - ingxenye ukubaluleka elandelayo emoyeni yesibili. Kuyinto esihlupha bonke amaseli, kwezitho nezicubu zomzimba. It athambisa amalunga ethu, moistens yeso kanye nolwelwesi lwamafinyila, ohilelekile thermoregulation, kuyasiza ukuba zikwazi ukuthola izakhi nokuboniswa ezingadingekile, kusiza izitsha inhliziyo negazi, kwandisa umzimba ozivikela futhi isiza kanjani ukulwa ukucindezeleka nokukhathala kuzipha amandla, ilawula umzimba.

Ngosuku ayengumuntu ofana nathi kufanele baphuze amalitha amabili kuya kwamathathu amanzi ahlanzekile. Lona ubuncane esithembele kuwo ngoba yethu nenhlalakahle kanye nempilo.

Njengoba ihlala futhi isebenza ngaphansi-moya, ezindaweni ezomile nengenawo umoya ohlanzekile owanele, amaningi abantu emhlabeni, ukusetshenziswa ukudla eliphansi, ikhofi, itiye, utshwala, umsebenzi ngokomzimba - konke lokhu kuholela ekuphelelweni amanzi emzimbeni futhi zidinga amanzi eyengeziwe.

Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi lesi silinganiso yamanzi ukuphila kufanele kube izakhiwo ezifanele. Yiziphi izindinganiso izinga amanzi okuphuza eRussia namuhla nokuthi kudingeka khona ngempela umzimba wethu? On lokhu kamuva.

Amanzi ahlanzekile nasezimpilweni zabantu

Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi amanzi sisebenzisa kumele kube ithatha ahlanzekile. Angcolisiwe abangela izifo ezethusayo ezifana:

• Ikholera.
• Uhudo.
• typhoid fever.
• Hookworm.
• Jaundice.
• Fever.
• Brucellosis.
• izifo ezihlukahlukene yisinanakazana.

Akunjalo kudala, lezi zifo impilo ebuthaka futhi elabulala wonke umzana. Kodwa namuhla, izimfuneko izinga amanzi ukuvumela ukuba asivikele kuzo zonke namagciwane abangela izifo nama-virus. Kodwa ngaphezu nezilwanyana ezincane ezingabonakali emanzini ingaqukatha izakhi eziningi ishadi lesikhathi, okuyinto nge ukusetshenziswa evamile ye inqwaba kungabangela izinkinga zempilo ezingathí sina.

Cabangela ezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali esiyingozi

• yensimbi okweqile emanzini kubangela komzimba kanye nesifo sezinso.
• Wokuqukethwe manganese ezinkulu - wezakhi.
• Lapho amazinga aphakeme chloride futhi sulfate kukhona okungahambi waphawula e pheshana emathunjini.
• I ngokweqile magnesium calcium okuqukethwe amanzi inika rigidity okuthiwa futhi kubangela isifo sokuqaqamba kwamalunga, lithiasis womuntu (izinso, urinary nenyongo bladders).
• Okuqukethwe sasekhaya ngaphezu uhla evamile kuholela izinkinga ezinkulu emazinyweni ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo.
• Hydrogen sulfide, phambili, i-arsenic - konke compounds ezinobuthi ngoba zonke izinto eziphilayo.
• Uranus e okusezingeni eliphezulu ngemithamo enemisebe.
• Cadmium ilimaza ubuchopho kubalulekile zinc.
• Aluminium kubangela isibindi nezinso isifo, ukuntuleka kwegazi emzimbeni, izinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa, nesifo.

Kunengozi sina yokudlula kwezinkambiso SanPiN. Ukuphuza amanzi ayegcwele amakhemikhali ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa njalo (eside) kungabangela ukudakwa okungamahlalakhona, okuholela ukuthuthukiswa sezifo esesikhulume ngazo. Ungakhohlwa ukuthi uketshezi kabi iphathwa ngeke kugcine kuphela kokungenisa kodwa futhi bumuncwa isikhumba ngesikhatsi ukwelashwa amanzi (ukuthatha eshaweni, okugeza, ebhukuda pool).

Ngakho-ke, siyaqonda ukuthi amaminerali, vumelekile kanye micronutrients, okuyinto eziningi ezincane ukuletha kuphela sizuze, ngokweqile kungabangela sina futhi ngezinye izikhathi musa ukwephula ungalungiseki lonke umzimba.

izinkomba ezisemqoka (amazinga) Quality amanzi okuphuza

• izakhiwo organoleptic - umbala, ukunambitheka, amaphunga umbala, obala.
• Toxicological - khona amakhemikhali ayingozi (phenols, i-arsenic, imithi yokubulala izinambuzane, aluminium, okuhola nawokwenza abanye).
• Izinkomba ezithinta izindawo amanzi - ukuqina, pH, khona uwoyela, yensimbi nitrate, manganese, potassium, sulfide nokunye.
• Inani elisele ngemva kokucubungula amakhemikhali - chlorine, isiliva, i-chloroform.

Namuhla izimfuneko izinga amanzi eRussia zibukhali kakhulu futhi kulawulwa imithetho yenhlanzeko kanye nezinkambiso SanPiN esifushanisiwe. Ukuphuza amanzi ogeleza usuka empompini, kusho amaphepha zokulawula, kufanele bahlanzeke ukuze ingagxila ngaphandle kokwesaba empilweni yazo. Kodwa ngeshwa, ephephile ngempela, crystal ecacile ngisho ewusizo ke kungenziwa ngokuthi kuphela esigabeni izakhiwo ukwelashwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, edabula ubudala, ngokuvamile ibuthuntu futhi ukugqoka alondoloze nemithombo yamanzi amanethiwekhi, it is hhayi ayegcwele nezilwanyana ezincane ezuzisayo mineralize ngisho eziyingozi ikhemikhali (phambili, mercury yensimbi, i-chromium, i-arsenic).

Lapho uthathe amanzi ukuhlanza zezimboni

• Amadamu (emachibini nasemifuleni).
• imithombo Underground (emithombo).
• Imvula meltwater.
• amanzi Desalinated anosawoti omningi.
• Amanzi avela zeqhwa.

Kungani amanzi ingcoliswe

Kukhona imithombo eminingana ukungcola kwamanzi :

• imfucumfucu kaMasipala.
• imfucuza Communal.
• effluents Industrial.
• Plums ezimbonini.

Amanzi: Standard (evamile)

yezimfuneko amanzi epayipi eRussia kulawulwa nemithetho SanPiN 2.1.1074-01 futhi GOST. Nazi ezinye izinkomba zokuveza indlela.

isilawuli State of izinga lamanzi

Uhlelo lokulawula izinga lokuhlanzeka kwamanzi okuphuza kuhlanganisa lakhetsiwe njalo amasampuli Emanzini kampompi futhi licwebile ke kuzo zonke izici. Inombolo yokuhlolwa incike labantu eseviwe

• Ngaphansi kuka-10 000 abantu - ngenyanga kabili.
• 10 000-20 000 abantu - izikhathi eziyishumi ngenyanga.
• 20 000-50 000 abantu - siphindwe kamashumi amathathu ngenyanga.
• 50 000-100 000 abantu - kayikhulu ngenyanga.
• Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye isheke ezengeziwe kuzo zonke abantu 5000.

Amanzi emithonjeni futhi ikhanyise kumbiwa imithombo

Isikhathi esining impela, abantu bakholelwa ukuthi amanzi emithonjeni futhi ikhanyise iziphethu kangcono ngaphezu kwamanzi kampompi futhi ilungele isiphuzo. Empeleni lokhu akulona iqiniso. Izibonelo zalokho amanzi esuka emithonjeni enjenge cishe njalo kubonisa unsuitability yayo sokuphuza ngisho ngesimo elenza khona inzika eziyingozi angcolile, njenge:

• organic compounds - carbon tetrachloride, acrylamide, vinyl chloride nezinye nosawoti ..
• compounds Inorganic - iziqondiso zinc ngokweqile, okuhola ne-nickel.
• Microbiological - E. coli amagciwane.
• izinsimbi ezisindayo.
• Zinambuzane.

Ukuze ugweme izinkinga zezempilo, amanzi kuzo zonke imithombo kanye imithombo kufanele ihlolwe okungenani kabili ngonyaka. Cishe, ngemva izibonelo zalokho, imiphumela Ngokuqhathanisa namazinga sokuphuza izinga amanzi kuyodingeka ukubeka umile isihlungi izinhlelo futhi ubuyekeze njalo. Ngoba amanzi yemvelo kushintsha njalo futhi iyabuyekezwa, futhi okuqukethwe ukungcola izophinda zingashintsha ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi.

Kanjani ukuhlola amanzi ngokwakho

Namuhla isendalini kukhona lenqwaba imishini ekhethekile esetshenziswa ekhaya ukuhlolwa ezinye izinkomba izinga lamanzi. Kodwa kukhona elula kakhulu futhi kufinyeleleke kuwo wonke umuntu ngezindlela:

• Icacisa khona usawoti amanyela. Omunye lamanzi okumele asetshenziswe ukuhlanza ingilazi bese ulinda kuze wawusomile. Uma ngemva ukuthi ingilazi ngeke ahlale abahlukanisayo, ngakho amanzi angabhekwa ahlanzekile ngokuphelele.
• Sinquma khona amagciwane / nezilwanyana ezincane / amakhemikhali / izinto eziphilayo. Kuyadingeka ukuba ugcwalise embizeni ezintathu-litre amanzi, ikhava bese ushiye endaweni emnyama izinsuku 2-3. plaque Green ezindongeni izobonisa khona ezincane, inzika ngesikhathi amabhange phansi - khona izinto extra organic phezu ifilimu - eziyingozi chemical compounds.
• amanzi potability usizo ukucacisa ukuhlolwa evamile nge isixazululo potassium permanganate. Mayelana 100 ml ngomumo isixazululo ezibuthakathaka potassium permanganate kufanele batheleka ingilazi yamanzi. Amanzi kufanele kube umthunzi ukuxegiselwa. Uma umthunzi lishintshelwe ophuzi - manzi esithathwayo ngomlomo is hhayi Kunconywa.

Yiqiniso, lezi ukuhlolwa ikhaya Awukwazi ukufaka ukuhlaziya enemininingwane futhi uyaqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi kuyahlangabezana nezindinganiso isimo. Kodwa uma ayikho indlela okwesikhashana ukwenza njengoba indlela umswakama laboratory, kubalulekile iphendukele okungenani inketho okunjalo.

Kuphi futhi kanjani ungathatha amanzi ukuhlaziywa

Izinkambiso quality amanzi okuphuza umuntu ngamunye manje ukulawula bebodwa. Uma kukhona izinsolo amanzi empompini singahlangabezani nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho, kubalulekile ukuba adlule amasampula yabo amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kutuswa ukwenza izikhathi 2-3 ngonyaka, uma umuntu esebenzisa amanzi emthonjeni, emthonjeni noma entwasahlobo. Kuphi? Lokhu kungenziwa kule lesifunda sanitary epidemiological esiteshini (SES) noma toll laboratory.

Bathathwa ukuhlaziya amasampula amanzi zizohlolwa ukuze toxicological, organoleptic, amakhemikhali kanye nemingcele microbiological ngokuhambisana namazinga ezivamile. Ngokusho imiphumela ukuhlolwa laboratory abavamile ikhipha izincomo ukufaka ezengeziwe filtration izinhlelo.

Ikhaya isihlungi izinhlelo

Indlela silondoloze izinga lokuhlanzeka kwamanzi okuphuza ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso? Yini engenziwa ukuze bracer bekulokhu lwezinga eliphakeme kakhulu?

Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma - ukusetha umile isihlungi izinhlelo.

Kukhona izihlungi ngesimo amabhodwe, Imibhobho esemzimbeni on the crane ideskithophu amabhokisi - zonke lezi zinhlobo Site ekuqaleni kuhle izinga lokuhlanzeka kwamanzi kusukela empompini kuphela. Ukungaphathwa futhi enamandla izihlungi (ngaphansi echibini, umile, inzika) zibizwa ebisetshenziswa ukuhlanzwa amanzi ezindaweni ezabe zincishwe amathuba, emakhaya suburban, sonkana izikhungo.

The best kakhulu ezibhekwa izihlungi obukhethekile reverse Osmosis uhlelo. Okunjalo ibutho lokuqala eziyikhulu amaphesenti uyazihlanza emanzini kukho konke ukungcola, amagciwane, futhi bese inike mineralizes namaminerali yayo kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi omuhle kanjalo ukwazi ukusungula kwegazi igazi ukugaya, ngisho ikuvumela ukuba ugcine on ukuthengwa amanzi ebhodleleni.

Kuthiwani uma kukhona ukuhlunga

Sonke kusuka ebuntwaneni abajwayele ukuphuza amanzi abilisiwe. Yiqiniso, kuqeda eziyingozi ezincane-eziphilayo, kodwa ngemva abilayo kungaba yingozi xaxa kwezempilo:

• Zikasawoti ngaphansi Reflux kwenze.
• Oxygen kulahleka.
• Chloro at abilayo, yakha kwakwakhe anobuthi.
• Ngolunye usuku emva amanzi abilayo iba ayizidleke zonke izinhlobo zama-bacterium.

Njengoba isiqinisekiso ukuphepha amanzi empompini, akekho, futhi ukuhlunga okwamanje, kusukela nezilwanyana ezincane usadinga ukuqeda nakanjani. Khumbula ezinye imithetho "ewusizo" ukubila:

• Ngaphambi ubilise amanzi, ake ame amahora 2-3. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi iningi chlorine ukuze shabalala.
• Vala embizeni ngokushesha ngemva kokuba amathumba. Kulokhu, iningi izakhi trace kumele ihlale igcinekile futhi amagciwane namagciwane babe nesikhathi sokufa.
• Ungalokothi esitolo abilisiwe amanzi amahora angaphezu kuka-24.