Ibubulo elenziwe ngesimbi amafutha: izici kanye nokusebenzisa ngezigaba

Ibubulo elenziwe ngesimbi amafutha kabanzi Lubrication amabombo kanye lwaluyophola ezahlukene ophephela ugesi - umusi kanye negesi abaphehla ugesi, izinjini ezisebenza wokubacindezela, Turbo futha. Asetshenziswa njengoba uketshezi usebenza ukulawulwa ophephela izinjini futhi imishini industrial.

Yikuphi anezakhi?

Ophephela is a indlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto kudingeka unakekele kahle. Ezisetshenzisiwe ophephela amafutha kumele bahlangabezane eziningi izici:

• ifa izakhiwo antioxidant;
• ukuvikela izinto kusuka imali;
• babe demulsifying izakhiwo;
• nzima ukugqwala;
• ifa yesivini ongaphakeme ,;
• angathathi hlangothi imininingwane izinsimbi kanye nonmetals.

Zonke lezi izici ophephela amafutha siyithola ekukhiqizeni.

Izici ukukhiqizwa

Ukukhiqizwa ophephela amafutha Kwenziwa elicwengisiswe kakhulu petroleum distillates lapho izithasiselo kunezelwa. Ngenxa antioxidant, anti-ukugqwala, anti-bafake izithasiselo ngcono ukusebenza kwabo. Ngenxa zonke lezi izithasiselo kubalulekile ukukhetha uwoyela ngokuhambisana bhukwana imfundo ye iyunithi ethile futhi izincomo umenzi. Uma uwoyela ophephela isezingeni abampofu, iyunithi angase ahluleke. Ukuze kutholakale izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu ephezulu grade izinga lamafutha asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni ukwakhiwa elisetshenziswa ukucutshungulwa yokuhlanza ezijulile futhi okufakiwe izingoma iqondiswa. Konke lokhu kuhlangene kungaba ngcono anti-namachibi anti-ukugqwala izakhiwo amafutha.

izidingo eziyisisekelo

Ukusebenza lobuchwepheshe iziteshi ezahlukene ukudonsa namanethiwekhi bathi amafutha ophephela akufanele ibe amanzi, kodaka ebonakalayo futhi ukungcola lokukhanda. Ngokusho imfundo, ibuye edingekayo ukulawula izakhiwo antirust amafutha - le njongo izibani ukugqwala ekhethekile etholakala ethangini amafutha umusi abaphehla ugesi. Uma namanje kukhona ukugqwala emafutheni, kumele uyifake ku izithasiselo ekhethekile ngokumelene ukugqwala. Sinikeza ekuhlaziyeni imikhiqizo ezidumile ophephela amafutha.

TP-46

La mafutha esihlahla isetshenziselwa Lubrication amabombo nezinye izindlela amayunithi ahlukahlukene. 46 uwoyela ophephela ubonisa izindawo ezinhle antioxidant. Ukwakha usebenzisa i sulfurous upharafini amafutha ezijulile ukuhlanzwa zikhethe. Sebenzisa Ukwakheka kungenzeka ukufaka umusi Inamandla umkhumbi futhi iyiphi izindlela osizayo. TP-46 kuyisivikelo onokwethenjelwa evele of izingxenye ngokumelene ukugqwala, uqinile kakhulu ngokumelene namachibi kanye kwezulu akusho bungakhiphi ngesikhathi eside operation abaphehla ugesi.

TP-30

30 uwoyela ophephela, ekhiqizwa ngesisekelo amaminerali base amafutha, okuyinto kunezelwa izithasiselo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza izakhiwo kwengoma. TP-30, ochwepheshe ukweluleka ukusebenzisa noma isiphi uhlobo abaphehla ugesi, kufaka phakathi igesi futhi umusi. Futhi ukuxhashazwa uwoyela atholakalayo, ngisho ezindaweni nokhahlo. Phakathi izici ehlukile TA-30 ingashiwo kakhulu ikhono antioxidant, ezingeni ezinhle isivikelo ukugqwala, lo cavitation ubuncane, kakhulu ukuzinza ezishisayo.

T-46

Ibubulo elenziwe ngesimbi amafutha T-46 kwenziwa kusukela ongaphakeme sulphur amamaki paraffinless uwoyela izinga okusezingeni ngaphandle okuqukethwe okufakiwe, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kwalo, ngenkathi sigcina zonke izici ezisebenza. Eliphezulu izinto zokusetshenziswa esetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa, ingafinyelela izinga elithile viscosity amafutha, okwenza kube lula futhi kuwusizo kakhudlwana yokuhlanza. Ukusetshenziswa kwalokhu kuqamba kungcono umkhumbi abaphehla ugesi, umusi ophephela amayunithi.

TP-22C

uwoyela ephendulwa TP-22C ivumela gcoba pholisa amabombo, imishini elisizayo umusi abaphehla ugesi ukuthi usebenze ngesivinini, futhi ingasetshenziswa njengendlela uketshezi wokubacindezela kanye naphakathi Ukubekwa uphawu uphawu nokulawula izinhlelo. Phakathi izinzuzo amafutha yilezi:

• izakhiwo kakhulu ukusebenza ngenxa elicwengiweyo kakhulu amaminerali isizinda futhi ephumelelayo okufakiwe Ukwakheka;
• kakhulu amanzi ngokwahlukana izakhiwo;
• ukuzinza esihle ngokumelene namachibi;
• ezingeni lelisetulu viscosity;
• cavitation ubuncane.

La mafutha esihlahla isetshenziswa abaphehla ugesi ngekwetinhloso letehlukene - kusukela umusi kanye negesi izitshalo amandla ophephela igesi.

TP-22B

TP-22B uwoyela ophephela ikhiqizwa crudes waxy, lapho yokuhlanza wenziwa kumakhemikhali awuketshezi zikhethe. izithasiselo Ngenxa lifinyelele izinga ezinhle ukumelana ezibangelwa ukugqwala by namachibi. Uma omunye eliqhathanisa TP-22B ne TP-22C, owokuqala kancane akha kwenze lapho imishini, ke okuhlala isikhathi eside ukusebenzisa. engavamile zayo kungekho analogue phakathi izinhlobo ezifuywayo ophephela amafutha.

"Lukoil Tornado T"

Lolu chungechunge inikeza uhlu olubanzi high ophephela amafutha. Zisekelwe base amafutha ezivezwa zokwenziwa ubuchwepheshe ekhethekile usebenzisa ukusebenza high uhlobo ashless izithasiselo. Amafutha achazwayo ngokuhambisana nezidingo yakamuva ukubunjwa lolu hlobo. Kufanele kusetshenziswe umusi kanye negesi abaphehla ugesi nge gearboxes, futhi ngaphandle kwazo. Excellent antioxidant, anticorrosion futhi antiwear izakhiwo neqhaza ezifakwa omncane. Amafutha ngokukhethekile aguqulelwe ephezulu ukusebenza ukufakwa ophephela yesimanje.

Izici ukwakheka

Modern ophephela amafutha zisekelwe amamaki ezikhethekile lamafutha upharafini kokuba othize viscosity-lokushisa izici, kanye Antioxidants ukugqwala inhibitor. Uma amafutha isetshenziswa ku abaphehla ugesi nge igiya omoya, bafanele babe load yakho iphezulu kakhulu ethwele amandla, futhi kuleyo ngxenye wanezela kakhulu ingcindezi izithasiselo.

Ukuze base amafutha asetshenziswa isizinda noma hydrogenation, hydrotreatment kanye ukuhlanzwa kanye umfutho ophakeme ingafinyelela izici ezinjalo ophephela amafutha kukhona ukuzinza oxidative, amanzi ehlukana deaeration, nakho kuthinte zamanani.

Ukuze izinhlobo ezahlukene eziphehla ugesi

Ukuze yesimanje igesi futhi umusi abaphehla ugesi asetshenziswa, ophephela amafutha (GOST ISO 6743-5 ISO / CD 8068). Ukwahlukanisa lezi zinto, kuye ngokuthi inhloso jikelele, kungaba elabekwa kanje:

• Ukuze umusi abaphehla ugesi (kuhlanganise amagiya toothed ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile umthwalo). Ngesisekelo lezi zokugcoba bahlanzwe amafutha amaminerali kulekelelwa Antioxidants ukugqwala inhibitor. Ukusetshenziswa amafutha kungcono ngemoto zezimboni kanye zasolwandle.
• Ukuze umusi abaphehla ugesi nge high umthwalo umthamo. ophephela okunjalo amafutha ngaphezu kwalokho ifa kakhulu ingcindezi izici, enikeza Lubrication of amagiya ngesikhathi ukusebenza kwe-imishini.
• Ukuze gas abaphehla ugesi: amafutha enjalo ikhiqizwa izingoma elicwengisiswe amaminerali okuyinto kunezelwa Antioxidants, ukugqwala inhibitor.

Izici yokuhlanza

Izingxenye sangaphakathi noma iyiphi indlela bagcina engenamsebenzi ngenxa yokuguga. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo amafutha lubricating kanye nokusebenza kwawo buthelela ukungcola mechanical njengoba amanzi, uthuli, shavings, uqala ukwakha athile. Wasebenzise ngokugcwele la imishini, futhi isikhathi eside ungakwazi ukulawula futhi yokuhlanza njalo lamafutha ophephela ukuze akhiphe amanyela mechanical kuwo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uwoyela zamanje enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba nokwandisa futhi ukwandisa nekusebenta inqubo ukukhiqizwa ngenxa ukuvikelwa egcwele izingxenye kanye izingxenye imishini. Quality uwoyela yokuhlanza ophephela - isihluthulelo ukusebenza onokwethenjelwa amayunithi ophephela esikhathini eside ngaphandle ukwehluleka futhi eziyimbangela yezinkinga ezizuzwa imishini. Uma usebenzisa abampofu uwoyela izinga, ukuthembeka obusebenzayo ivuliwe embuzweni, futhi ngenxa yalokho, kuzoba bafake kwesikhathi.

uwoyela emumva uhlanzekile lingasetshenziswa kabusha. Yingakho kungcono ukusebenzisa okuqhubekayo izindlela yokuhlanza, njengoba kulokhu kungenzeka ukwandisa amafutha ukusebenza isikhathi, ngaphandle kwesidingo perezalivke yayo. Ibubulo elenziwe ngesimbi amafutha kungenziwa kuhlanzwe izindlela ezehlukene: ngokomzimba, physicochemical namakhemikhali. Sichaza zonke izindlela ngokuningiliziwe.

ngokomzimba

Lezi zindlela nihlanze uwoyela ophephela ngaphandle kokuphazamisa yawo yamakhemikhali izakhiwo. Phakathi izindlela ethandwa kakhulu sokwelashwa:

• Sokulungisa: nahlanza lwamafutha amanzi kodaka ngokusebenzisa ukungcola ekhethekile mechanical Ukuthola amathangi. Ethangini amafutha ingasetshenziswa njengoba nesifiki. Ububi umkhiqizo ongaphakeme ngenxa isigaba omude delamination.
• Ukwahlukana: wokuhlanza uwoyela ngamanzi ukungcola wenziwa isigubhu isihlukanisi amabutho ezikhethekile centrifugal.
• Filtration: nale ndlela amafutha bahlanza of ukungcola ezingeke chaza. Ukuze lokhu amafutha idlule ukungena nakwamanye amazwe isihlungi ebusweni ngokusebenzisa iphepha lemifanekiso, amakhadibhodi, wazizwa noma burlap.
• yokuhlanza Hydrodynamic: Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba ahlanze, hhayi kuphela uwoyela, kodwa futhi yonke imishini. Ngo ukusebenza uhlala anokuhambisana ifilimu uwoyela phakathi metal namafutha Laphezu metal kungekho ukugqwala livela.

Physical namakhemikhali

Lapho besebenzisa lezi zindlela ukuze bahlanze ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali amafutha kuyahlukahluka, kodwa kancane kuphela. Lezi izindlela zihilela:

• ukuphathwa Adsorption lapho eziqukethwe uwoyela esikuthola izinto ukungena nakwamanye amazwe kakhulu okuqinile - adsorbents. Lokhu isetshenziswa njengoba aluminium oxide, koqweqwe lwawo mhlophe umphumela, ijeli Silica.
• Ukugeza condensate: le ndlela isetshenziswa uma ingxenye uwoyela ube ongaphakeme yamangqamuzana isisindo acid, oncibilikayo emanzini. Ngemva uwoyela egeza ekuthuthukiseni izindawo zokusebenza.

izindlela amakhemikhali

Ukuhlanzwa by izindlela amakhemikhali kuhilela ukusetshenziswa acid, alkalis. I yokuhlanza ane-alikhali isetshenziswa lapho uwoyela kakhulu isigugile, futhi izindlela asele uhlanzekile azisebenzi. I alikhali inomthelela neutralization of acid organic, sulfuric acid zinsalela, ukususwa esters nezinye izingxube zamakhemikhali. Yokuhlanza Kwenziwa endaweni isihlukanisi obukhethekile condensate ashisayo.

Indlela ephumelela kunazo ukuze bahlanze ophephela amafutha - ukusetshenziswa amayunithi kuhlanganiswe. Bona isiphakamiso enifeza wokuhlanza iqhinga ngokukhethekile-eklanyelwe. Endaweni zezimboni, ungasebenzisa ukufakwa jikelele, okuyothi yokuhlanza kungaba kwenziwe ngumuntu ezihlukanisile kwabanye. Nomaphi yokuhlanza izindlela ezisetshenziswayo, kubalulekile ukuthi izinga yokugcina ngamafutha kwakuwuphawu phezulu. Futhi kuzokhulisa inkathi operation esitebeleni of imishini.