Ukubanjwa - kuyini? Umqondo kwengxabano ingxabano, ingxabano, ubudlova. izimiso yokukhuphuka

Ukubanjwa - kuyini? Igama livame ukusetshenziswa ezincwadini zesayensi kanye lesibonwa, kodwa ukubaluleka kwalo kancane eyaziwa. Ukubanjwa kwezimoto ingxabano ngokuvamile ukubizwa ngokuthi inkathi lapho umbango sihamba amazinga ayisisekelo ukuthuthukiswa yayo futhi sekuzophela isakhiwo. Igama elithi livela olimini lwesiLatini futhi lisho "isitebhisi". Ukubanjwa libonisa ingxabano, ethuthuka isikhathi, elinesimo NEKUKHULUMA kancane kancane udweshu phakathi kwezinhlangano, lapho kuhlasela ngamunye okwalandela, ukuhlaselwa ngasinye okwalandela ku Umphikisi noma ingcindezi iba okukhulu kakhulu kunaleso sangaphambilini. I yokukhuphuka kwengxabano kuyakhombisa indlela sigameko ekubeni buthakathaka umzabalazo nokushuba kwesimo.

Izici nezinhlobonhlobo yokukhuphuka

mshini ezahlukene ukusiza ukugqamisa indima enjalo ebalulekile ukungqubuzana njengoba kwengxabano. Ukuthi kuyini, ngaphandle izimpawu ukuqonda kunzima ngempela. Esikhathini samanje sigameko isici ezidingekayo ukuze ubheke uhlu lezo zakhiwo ezihlobene ngokuqondile kwenkathi yokukhuphuka hhayi komunye komunye.

sphere engqondweni yethu

Ukusabela kokuziphatha nomsebenzi uncipha mzuzu ukuthi ukwedlulela kuleso sigaba amafomu ayiyona inkimbinkimbi reflection of engokoqobo.

isithombe isitha

Ukuthi emabhuloki bese buthakathaka bezibona ezanele. Ukuba integrally kwakhiwa abaphikisi Analogue, ke ihlanganisa yasungulwa izakhiwo ngamanga ziye isiqala yakha phakathi esiteji esicashile kokungqubuzana. Isithombe lesitha has uhlobo yi okuqonda enokwehla, predetermined izici ezingezinhle kanye nokuqagula. Nakuba kungekho ngxabano, futhi ayikho inhlangano akulona usongo maqondana nezinye, umfanekiso Umphikisi kuyinto umbala kokungathathi hlangothi: ke uqinile, ngokwanele umgomo futhi umlamuleli. Enkabeni yalo, kufana kahle ukuboniswa izithombe, isithombe lapho okhanyayo, usongene, esilufifi. Kodwa ngaphansi kwethonya kwengxabano ngokuya avele zikhathi luyakhohlisa, okuvela ngazo kwasusa ukuhlolwa negative ngokomzwelo futhi siqu labamelene nomunye. Kulezi zimo, kukhona ezinye "lingaze" izici sici nakwezinye eziningi kakhulu. Ngo isitha sabo bebona umuntu, okuyinto akufanele ulethembe. Wakhe sisole elinde wakhe izinqumo okungalungile kuyomane nezenzo - kukhonjiswa enonya, lokukhulunywa ngako kulendzaba kuwumphumela deindividualization abasiphikisayo lapho isitha eyeka ukuba umuntu futhi kuba generalized elakhiwa abantu abaningi, ngakho ukukhuluma, ngendlela engokomfanekiso, uMnyango ube usufaka nenani elikhulu okubi, engemihle, ubudlova, vulgarity nezinye izinto ezimbi.

ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo

Sikhula ngamandla kuyethusa enye inhlangano ulahlekelwa amandla okuphatha, izikhonzi ingxabano ngesikhathi ukulahlekelwa ithuba bona izinzuzo + zabo siqu noma zehluleka ukwanelisa izidingo zabo.

isithakazelo womuntu

Ubudlelwano njalo ahlelwe yokwehlayo, noma ngabe polar futhi iphikisana, ngakho ukushuba isenzo kuholela lubucayi kakhudlwana ezithinta izithakazelo ophikisayo. Kuyafaneleka ukukuchaza ukuthi kuyini - ukudamba zempi, okungukuthi uhlobo imvelo lapho kuwukuphikisana ushona ... "Ukube polar" basesimweni inqubo yokukhuphuka izithakazelo amaqembu aphikisanayo. Ngo odlule ngxabano imvelo nokuhlalisana yabo kwaba kungenzeka, futhi manje abakwazi nokubuyisana ngaphandle umonakalo kunoma yikuphi disputants.

udlame

It ukhonza njengelungu ibe ithuluzi elikahle kakhulu kule kwengxabano ingxabano, njengoba ukuhlonza yayo ithegi. Isifiso isinxephezelo kanye ophikisayo ngomonakalo sokucasuka ngabanye ubudlova, unya, ukungabekezelelani. I yokukhuphuka zobudlova, ukuthi, eqinisa onesihluku, izenzo yizilwi, ngokuvamile obuhambisana nokuthanda salokhu noma lokhu kudideka.

Isihloko sokuqala impikiswano

Zize kamuva, ayisekho kudlala indima ekhethekile, it is hhayi ugxile, focus, ingxabano lingachazwa ngokuthi esizimele izisusa izizathu busebenze okwengeziwe yentuthuko kanye zingenzeka ngisho nangemva kokulahlekelwa ngokushaqisayo zezigaba eyinhloko ngale ndaba. Isimo ukungqubuzana yokukhuphuka yabo iba generalized, kodwa okujule nakakhulu. Ukudala amaphuzu ezengeziwe lokuxhumana kwezinhlangano ukuphikiswa kakade atshalwa ezindaweni eziningi. Conflictologists fixed ngalesi ukunwetshwa qophelo uhlaka lwezendawo futhi yesikhashana. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi lena lesichubekako, ethola sina imvelo yokukhuphuka. Kuyini, futhi nokuthi sizokuthinta kanjani izihloko abathintekayo kulokhu kubulalana noma abukwa, izotholakala kuphela ekupheleni le ngxabano kokuhlolisisa yayo.

Khulisa kunombolo izifundo

Njengoba kwanda ngxabano kwenzeka futhi "ukukhiqizwa kabusha" iqhaza. Ukuqala kwatheleka ofuna ukuphumela obala futhi engalawuliwe entsha izinhlangano nezingxabano okubangela uthola embulungeni yonke, ezikhulayo eqenjini, kanye nasezingeni lamazwe omhlaba ngakho. E. Shintsha Sakhiwo sangekhatsi iqembu, ukuqanjwa kwawo, izici zabo. Toolkit liya livuleka njengoba zikhula, kanye elucidation lobudlelwane ungaya a vector ehluke ngokuphelele.

Kulesi sigaba, ungabheka ulwazi ukuthi zengqondo. Baphetha ngokuthi kunoma iziphi izinxushunxushu kakhulu sphere bayazi regresses. Futhi kwenzeka hhayi ubukhazikhazi senhlekelele, kodwa kancane kancane, ngenkathi sigcina imithetho ehambisana ngqo nensiza.

yokukhuphuka Stepwise

Kufanele kube uyaqonda ukuthi bamele izindlela yokukhuphuka. Eyokuqala izinyathelo ezimbili angaqoqwa ngaphansi igama ezivamile - isimo PRE kanye nentuthuko yayo. Basuke ephelezelwa ukwanda ukubaluleka nezinzuzo zazo siqu nemibono mayelana nezwe, akunakwenzeka ukuba sesabe aphume isimo izindlela ezinokuthula, ngokusebenzisa usizo mutual ezivuna. ukungezwani engqondo kwandisa izikhathi eziningi.

On esigabeni sesithathu iyaqala ngokushesha siphakamisele, iningi emphethweni izingxoxo, amaqembu ukuba impi lihamba bathathe isinyathelo esiwujuqu, lapho kukhona ezinye nakuba. Ukuqina, maholoholo futhi ubudlova, amaqembu alwayo bazame ukuthonya nomunye, ephoqa abaphikisi ukuze ushintshe indawo yayo. Vuma ngeke akekho. Ukuhlakanipha kanye rationality ka inyamalala njengokungathi magic, futhi into eyinhloko ukunakwa iba umfanekiso isitha.

Iqiniso isimanga, kodwa esigabeni sesine sokuba itholane phezulu psyche womuntu regresses ukuba kangangokuthi kuba ifaniswe ikhaliphe futhi izakhiwo kokuziphatha kwengane unyaka eziyisithupha ubudala. Umuntu enqaba ukwamukela isikhundla yomunye, ukulalela kuso, ziqondisa izenzo zabo kuphela "ukuzazisa". Izwe uhlukana ngu "black" futhi "simhlophe," okuhle nokubi, akukho kwenqatshwa noma yezinkinga azivumelekile. Ingqikithi yalo ukungqubuzana ocacile futhi bakudala.

In the isinyathelo yesihlanu ukuba aphule lokukholisa zokuziphatha futhi amagugu ezibaluleke kakhulu. Wonke amaqembu kanye izakhi ngabanye agcwele Umphikisi kokuya nesithombe esisodwa lesitha, elingenalo izici zobuntu. Ngaphakathi iqembu, laba bantu Ungaqhubeka ukuxhumana bese uxhumana, ngakho ongaqaphelisisi akunakwenzeka ukuba umphumela we izingxabano ngalesi sikhathi.

Ngokuya nokuxhumana psyche zenhlalo yabantu abaningi ngaphansi kwengcindezi, kukhona ekuhlehleni. Ngezindlela eziningi, ukumelana ngokwengqondo yomuntu incike imfundo yakhe, uhlobo kwezinkambiso zokuziphatha, yena wafunda nakokuhlangenwe nakho social siqu.

schismogenesis ziyalingana, noma kwengxabano a ngokwesayensi

Chaza yokukhuphuka kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela ukungqubuzana usizo ngaphandle, akhiwa ososayensi G. Bateson ebizwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela schismogenesis lesinesitfombe-sibuko. Igama elithi "schismogenesis" libhekisela izinguquko ukuziphatha ngabanye ngenxa komphakathi futhi uthole isipiliyoni entsha ezingeni izingxabano ekuchumana intrapersonal. Ukuze schismogenesis kukhona ezimbili okukhethwa ukubonakaliswa kwangaphandle yilezi:

1. Eyokuqala ushintsho ekuziphatheni, lapho isenzo ezithile abantu abadingiswa mbeni, ayahambelana. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho omunye nabaphikisi uphikelela, kanye conformal yesibili futhi imithetho. Okungukuthi, kusukela ukuziphatha lwaletinye tifundvo kokungqubuzana eba uhlobo wamatshana esiyingqayizivele.
2. Samuntu yesibili ukhona kuphela khona amaphethini efanayo kokuziphatha, bathi, kokubili kuhlasela, kodwa ngezindlela ezingafani ahlukahlukene okujula.

Kusobala ukuthi kwengxabano ukungqubuzana libhekisela ngokunembile kuya wesibili ukushintshashintsha schismogenesis. Kodwa futhi izinhlobo ezahlukene yokukhuphuka kungenziwa labizwa. Ngokwesibonelo, asikwazi kuphazamisekile futhi ukhishwa kanye yezingxabano, futhi angase abe mihlobiso lapho engeli oyingozi futhi mutual nabaphikisi ingcindezi nomunye yokuhamba uplink ke ngumuntu endleleni ukwehla.

Igama elithi "yokukhuphuka" lisetshenziswa emikhakheni ehlukahlukene, hhayi kuphela e-psychology kanye kwabantu. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona yokukhuphuka tariff - ukubaluleka kwaleli gama ingafundwa kunoma iyiphi i-encyclopedia kwezomnotho. Kuyinto enhle, lapho ukunyakaza yobutha ezolile kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu futhi ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi - a evilaphayo, kancane esilazayo, uma kungekhona isikhathi eside nokubuyisa izinga elifanayo. Lesi sakamuva ngokuvamile ebonakala isikhathi eside noma, njengoba besho, ludvweshu ezingamahlalakhona.

Model ukungqubuzana yokukhuphuka. nomphumela omuhle

yokukhuphuka Lomuhle ukungqubuzana - ke yithuba ukuqeda ukubukeka isifiso esivamile zokuhlala ezinokuthula. Kulokhu, zombili kudingeka uhlaziye bese ukhetha imithetho yokuziphatha ukuthi akwephuli izimiso nezinkolelo yimuphi omunye nabaphikisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusobala kulokuphelele nomkhakha we okufana izixazululo kanye nemiphumela ukukhetha nenzuzo kakhulu, futhi bathuthukiswe kube nemiphumela eziningana okungenzeka isimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, disputants kudingeka ichaze ngokucacile futhi ucacise izifiso zabo kanye nezithakazelo, ukuchaza uhlangothi lwazo okuphambene, okuyinto ke kumelwe futhi izwakale. Wezindleko izidingo ohlwini ukuze ukhethe elihambisana nezimiso umthetho nobulungisa, bese uqala uzama eyisebenzisa usebenzisa amathuluzi nezindlela ukuthi nazo kufanele zamukelwe futhi kuvunywe bonke ababephikisa.

Ziba ingxabano, yebo, noma kunjalo engenakwenzeka. Lokhu kufana ukunganaki, lapho abantu ukushiya efulethini kuhlanganisiwe okusansimbi noma ukufana esivuthayo - kukhona ingozi yomlilo. Isifaniso phakathi komlilo nokungqubuzana akuyona ngephutha: futhi yena nabanye kuba lula kakhulu ukuvimbela kuka wokukucima ngemva ukuthungela. ukubaluleka Elikhulu isakhi isikhathi, futhi ngoba umlilo nokubhebhetheka kwazo ukuxabana esibi mandleni. Lezi efakiwe isimiso esiyisisekelo kufana kwengxabano isifo noma umqedazwe.

I kwengxabano ukungqubuzana ngokuvamile udidekile ngoba ukuphikisana olusha ne imininingwane emisha, izici, futhi acebe izingobe. Imizwelo sizalwa ukukhuphula ijubane futhi nasekhulwini zonke amaqembu aphikisayo.

Konke lokhu kusiholela esiphethweni sokuthi umholi abanolwazi kunanoma iyiphi ukufunda ukuthi phakathi kwamalungu ayo noma ushise kakade egeleza at amandla egcwele, noma olubaluleke omncane dissonance sina ngokushesha ukuthatha kuthathwa izinyathelo zokulungisa. Ukungasebenzi nandaba kulesi simo kungenzeka ithimba nalahla, uyakwamukelwa ngenxa meanness, wobugwala, pusillanimity.

Model ukungqubuzana yokukhuphuka. iphuzu efile

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi siphakamisele kubambezela noma sithule. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa Ubuye isizathu sahlulele:

• Omunye ophikisayo ilungele yokunivumela yokuzithandela ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi ukungqubuzana nganoma yisiphi isizathu ayisekho ezivunywe.
• Omunye abaphikisi is bephikelela uzama ukugwema izingxabano, "fall out" ngakho, njengoba isimo ingxabano eba ungakhululekile noma engafunwa.
• Ingxabano iseduze isikhungo efile, ukudamba zobudlova iba eyize bese ezingenanzuzo.

isikhungo Dead ngokuthi eziyimbangela yalokhu, lapho ngeziqu zamehlo nsí, sime ngemva eyodwa noma ezimbalwa ozithola akuphumelelanga. Ukushintsha yokukhuphuka noma kuphelele ijubane ngenxa yezizathu ezithile.

Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza we "iphuzu efile"

• ngxabano amacebo wazibonakalisa izimo ayizwakali noma ingahambelani ecacisiwe.
• Izinsiza ezidingekayo ukuze uqhubeke ukususa ingcindezi abaphikisi, wachitha engenamandla futhi ekhathele. Ziyakwazi ngokuvamile imali, isikhathi namandla izindleko.
• Ukuqedwa ukwesekwa kusukela umphakathi, ukuntuleka ukuthembeka amaqembu ezingqubuzanayo labo abasekela izinto egameni lawo.
• Izindleko ukuthi idlule ezingeni elemukelekile noma elindelekile.

Nokho, ukukhuluma ngendlela efanele, lokhu isigaba akuyona libhekene izinguquko ezinkulu, omunye amaqembu iqala isimo sengqondo esihluke ngokuphelele ukuba impi nezindlela isinqumo salo. Lapho-ke enhlangothini zombili ziyoba bukhomba iqiniso lokuthi predominance kwanoma iyiphi wabo akunakwenzeka, kuyodingeka akhale, ukunikeza ukunqoba noma isivumelwano. Kodwa okushiwo kulesi sigaba kuyinto ukuqaphela ukuthi isitha - akusiyo nje isitha, lenza samuntu konke okubi nosizi lwabo emhlabeni. Kuyinto Umphikisi ezimele lifanele, nge ngebuhle nebubi babo, okuyinto angakwazi futhi kufanele uthole izithakazelo ezivamile, lokho enivumelana ngako. Le ndlela esiqonda ngayo iba isinyathelo sokuqala ekuxazululeni ingxabano.

okutholakele

Ngakho, ngo-hlandla ukuthi kusho ukuthini kwengxabano ngokwezenhlalo, amasiko nezomnotho, kumelwe siqonde ukuthi iyakhula ukucupha ehlukahlukene kanye tinkhulumo, futhi umphumela wayo Ungakhetha abahlanganyeli e ingxabano, ngoba incike kuwo, kahle ukuthi banjani bakwazi ukudlulisa okwenzeke esikhathini ukuphikisana, kanye yeka ukuthi kungadabukisa kanjani kungaba nemiphumela.