Amagama kanye nesijobelelo -enok-, -onok-: izibonelo amazwi kanye nemithetho

Ngokwe izinhlelo zokuqeqesha esikoleni, isikhathi lapho izingane zifunda amagama Isijobelelo -enok - 3 ekilasini. Amagama kanye nesijobelelo bavame ukubanga nobunzima kule isici kwakhiwa kwemagama kanye nemisebenti yekubhala.

Lezi zinkinga axhunyiwe ikakhulu ne amafonethiki - okungukuthi, e-zokubetha -e ncwadi inalesi umsindo [o]. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "impungushe", equkethe incwadi -e- Isijobelelo e umbhalo zaziyoba ibukeke lokhu: [l`is`onok]. Ngakho, lapho incwadi -e- ukuzwakala ngemva ethambile ungwaqa [s`] uguqulwe umsindo [a].

Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukutadisha isihloko unake okukhethekile ukwakheka amagama amasha usebenzisa lezi tijobelelo, kanye isinqumo esifanele -o- futhi -e- emibhalweni yabo.

Ngaphezu imithetho ecacile elawula kukhethwa Isijobelelo kwezinye isimo okwakhayo, zikhona izici ezithile ezilawula ukusetshenziswa bethela mayelana nenshokutsi, anamathela ukuba leli gama. Kufanele uyinaka.

Amajamo osanda kusungulwa asetshenziswa kuncike isimo inkulumo kanye nencazelo semantic, okuyinto esiphiwe ezakhiwe izwi.

Amagama kanye nesijobelelo -onok / -enok: izibonelo

Izibonelo amazwi ne -onok Isijobelelo:

• Galchonok;
• athwale;
• sychonok;
• frog;
• Keg;
• kurchonok;
• turchonok;
• hare;
• squirrel;
• bunny;
• izinjana;
• cuckoo;
• strizhonok;
• Tickbird ichwane;
• cherepashonok;
• pauchonok;
• igundane;
• rachonok;
• ezhonok;
• morzhonok;
• umzukulu wakhe;
• barsuchonok;
• Cossack abasha;
• ikamela;
• Malchonok;
• dyachonok;
• poult;
• cub;
• Rook;
• umalusi;
• kitaychonok.

Izibonelo amazwi ne -enok Isijobelelo:

• Babukeka babahle kepha mine;
• kitten;
• zverenok;
• owlet;
• kaDeveli;
• imp;
• greasers;
• izilinganiso indawo;
• impungushe;
• ingulube;
• ibhubesi;
• gosling;
• imbuzi;
• likhale;
• zhuravlenok;
• eaglet;
• indlovu;
• ithole;
• kuklenok;
• inkukhu;
• umpheki;
• imbuzi;
• kangaroo;
• Aistenok;
• rat elincane;
• inyamazane;
• imp;
• ithole;
• cub.

ukusetshenziswa

tijobelelo Derivational -onok / -enok ezimweni eziningi asetshenziselwa ukwakha wesilisa, okubonisa amagama izilwane ezisencane.

Lezi affixes enze izwi-kumiswa umsebenzi futhi ukukhonza ukudala amagama amasha nge kukhulunywa ngento ethile, lucebe.

Nokho, ukuqokwa amagama izilwane ezisencane - akuwona umsebenzi kuphela eyenza idatha morpheme. Amagama nge tijobelelo kanye -onok -enok kukhona amancane noma ukunganakwa ukubaluleka bambonise childishness, okhethwe imiqondo-non-omdala. Ngakho ngaphambi kokuba usebenzise igama elinomqondo isijobelelo, kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukuba ngumnikazi imithetho yayo lokubhala, kodwa futhi ukunquma umongo isimo inkulumo lapho idla.

Ngokwesibonelo.

leli gama	Amagama ne -enok Isijobelelo - izibonelo izwi	Okwakushiwo lucebe yegama elisha
cat	yekati	cat cub
impungushe	pup	impungushe cub
nonogwaja	leveret	hare abasha
amaprotheni	squirrel	ingane squirrel
umalusi	umalusi	omele mkhakha "umalusi" ebuntwaneni
emsebenzini wokusiza epulazini	batrachonok	omele mkhakha "yesisebenzi" ebuntwaneni yokudebesela noma ukubaluleka
isiShayina	kitaychonok	ingane ubani ubuzwe we "Chinese"
emgqonyeni	emgqonyeni	umthamo kokuba usayizi ezincane maqondana lo mqondo yasekuqaleni

Amagama nezinye izilwane nokusetshenziswa izwi Paradigm

Derivational Isijobelelo -onok / -enok ingasetshenziswa imfundo akuzona zonke amagama izilwane ezisencane. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona amagama ezilwane, ukwakhelwa lapho isebenzisa amagama ahlukene Paradigm izwi.

Ngokwesibonelo.

isilwane	Igama cub
izimvu	iwundlu
ihhashi	nenkonyane
ingulube	ngengulube
inkukhu	inkukhu
inkomo	ithole

Izibonelo amagama isilwane ukwakha angasetshenziswa hhayi tijobelelo -onok / -enok

Kukhona amagama ezilwane, ukubonisa ukuthi yini izingane angasebenzisa Isijobelelo indlela kwemagama.

Ngokwesibonelo:

indlulamithi - indlulamithi abasha, imvubu - Hippo ithole.

Akukho imithetho ecacile elawula ukusetshenziswa noma lingasetshenziswa yalezi tijobelelo nge igama elithile. Isizathu esiyinhloko zomlando. Ngakho-ke, la mazwi kufanele kube lula ukuba bakhumbule ukuze avimbele amaphutha okunye bheke.

Imithetho kwakhiwa kwemagama kanye -e isijobelelo (o) NOC

Ukuhlola ukuthi yimaphi ama izwi ne isijobelelo noma nge Isijobelelo -enok -onok kufanele kubhalwe endabeni ethile kufanele aqondiswe imithetho elandelayo.

Amagama kanye nesijobelelo -onok- ebhaliwe:

In amazwi, amagama ezilwane, ngesisekelo okuyinto izophela nento encimfelwayo, unstressed:

Bear - medvezh'onok

Mouse - mysh'onok

Hedgehog - ezh'onok

Frog - lyagush'onok

Amagama kanye nesijobelelo -enok ebhaliwe:

In amazwi nge isizinda ku ungwaqa ezithambile (ngaphandle [ch`]):

Amagama kanye u-Enok waphinde Isijobelelo: izibonelo amazwi	ungwaqa ezithambile
tiger cub	TIG [r`] Yenok
pup	Ingabe [s`] Yenok
imp	baa [s`] Yenok
kuklenok	Cook [l`] Yenok

Ukwakhiwa kwamagama nge tijobelelo -onok / -enok

Ukuze wenze igama elinomqondo Isijobelelo -enok kudingekile ukuhlala ngokuhlukana le stem yegama futhi, uholwe imithetho kumiswa amagama amasha elikulo le Isijobelelo edingekayo. Ngakho, ukwakheka kohlelo olusha temagama simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

isizinda izwi + Isijobelelo -e (n) + lo NOC (uma kunesidingo)

leli gama	isisekelo derivational	Igama lokugcina	Ukukhetha isijobelelo
isikhova	izikhova	owlet	Ngesisekelo izwi lokugcina izophela ethambile, nento encimfelwayo [in`] - Isijobelelo bheke -enok.
amaphiva	los	ithole	Ngesisekelo izwi lokugcina izophela ethambile, nento encimfelwayo [s`] - Isijobelelo bheke -enok.
igundane	igundane	mousy	Isiqu izophela nento encimfelwayo [w] - Isijobelelo bheke -onok.
emsebenzini wokusiza epulazini	emsebenzini wokusiza epulazini	batrachonok	Stem izophela nento encimfelwayo [h] - derivational Isijobelelo -onok.

Ngokukhethekile kwetinhlavu amagama amasha kufanele zikhokhelwe alternation ongwaqa e izwi kokuqala nokokugcina.

Amagama ne -enok Isijobelelo: izibonelo amagama ungwaqa at inhliziyo

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kwezinye izimo kumiswa amazwi nalezi affixes i alternation ongwaqa at morpheme umphetho. Ngakho, enye:

1) velar / encimfelwayo: unogwaja - bunny, impisi - cub.

2) D / f, d '/ f: Bear - Bear.

3) Dual ongwaqa kanzima / ngababili soft: impungushe - cat lis`enok - kot`enok.

I-algorithm we kumiswa amagama amasha nge tijobelelo -enok / -onok

Ngakho, ngenxa esipelingi igama, kumele uthobele ukulandelana elandelayo:

1) Khetha umthombo izwi isisekelo.

2) Nquma ukuthi iyiphi uphela ngesisekelo (a ukuma ungwaqa phambi Isijobelelo):

• sizzling ku - bhala isijobelelo -onok;
• ku ethambile, nento encimfelwayo noma [ch`] - bhala -enok Isijobelelo.

Ukusebenzisa tijobelelo -onok / -enok ukwakha amagama ngaphandle ekhombisa amagama izilwane ezisencane

Kwezinye izimo, le tijobelelo asetshenziselwa ukwakha amagama ngaphandle olukhombisa igama izilwane ezisencane.

Ezimweni ezinjalo, isijobelelo kungase kubonise umelele isizwe esithile, kwezakhi kwezenhlalo, lochwepheshe. sokusebenzisana.

Nokho, esebenzisa igama elithi ne bethela esimweni esithile inkulumo, khumbula ezinye sidebeselele ukubaluleka enamathiselwe kulokhu morpheme.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• umalusi - umalusi;
• Indoda - wengane;
• umpheki - ukupheka;
• Roma - lwamaGypsy;
• isilo - zverenok;
• Chinese - kitaychonok.

Uma ukhetha noma ngokubhala -e- -o- ku isijobelelo uhlobo amazwi esetshenziswa umthetho ofanayo.

Nokwehla kwekwenta tijobelelo -onok / -enok

Owenza kusukela Igama lokuqala usebenzisa uxhumano kumila bethela, sithola izwi ngenhliziyo yonke -enok Isijobelelo futhi null-ivalwe, noma okufanayo elithi fomu nge -onok Isijobelelo.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• indlovu - indlovu □;
• Cat - kitten □;
• Jackdaw - Galchonok □;
• yesisebenzi - batrachonok □.

Lapho Nokwehla amabizo, kwakhiwa usebenzisa ukulahleka kwedatha tijobelelo kwenzeka unkamisa "o".

Ngokwesibonelo:

squirrel - squirrel, ezhonok - ezhonka, uSathane - uSathane kancane.

Ngezinye izikhathi kumiswa emabito kwenzeka nabo bokulahlekelwa unkamisa impande, ngakho sithola izwi, ezahlukene isakhiwo umsindo izisekelo leli gama.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• ibhubesi ,: ibhubesi;
• ukhozi, kodwa: eaglet.

Bunyenti kwekwenta tijobelelo -enok / -onok

Ngo ukwakheka emabito plural, bethela ubuningi esikhundleni yo / -yat.

Ngokwesibonelo:

• Lion - cub - Kodwa: amawundlu, amawundlu;
• mammoth - mammoth - kodwa: mamontyata, mammoth;
• Hedgehog - ezhonok - Kodwa: ezhata, ezhat;
• unogwaja - bunny - Kodwa: onogwaja, onogwaja.

Lapho amazwi Nokwehla plural ngemva yo / -yat esetshenzisiwe elihambisana ophela icala.

Ngokwesibonelo:

icala	ifomu elithi
nominative	amawundlu, ezhata
genitive	amawundlu, ezhat
umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi	amawundlu, ezhata
umenziwa wesenzo	amawundlu, ezhat
ablative	amawundlu, ezhata
prepositional	amawundlu, ezhata

Lo mthetho usebenza kuphela amazwi elisho igama abasha, kanye amazwi uju agaric (amakhowe, uju) futhi izingono (boletus, ibhotela). Ngakolunye amazwi nale isijobelelo, lo mthetho awusebenzi.

Qhathanisa:

emgqonyeni - Keg - kodwa: kegs, emiphongolweni.

icala	ifomu elithi
nominative	kegs
genitive	kegs
umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi	kegs
umenziwa wesenzo	kegs
ablative	kegs
prepositional	kegs

Ngakho, ngokuvamile zisebenzisa tijobelelo -onok / -enok ezingeyona inkimbinkimbi. Inkinga nje ingase sikhumbule amazwi Ezingalapheki imithetho izwi-kumiswa.