Ukhalo kwezinso enwetshiwe ezisanda kuzalwa. pyelectasia izinso e ingane

Ngo Pediatrics yesimanje izifo wandile ezihlukahlukene uhlelo excretory. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi phakathi zokuvimbela isheke odokotela bathi izinso ukhalo enwetshiwe ezisanda kuzalwa. Ngokwemvelo, kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane kubangela abazali ukwethuka ufune ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngalesi sifo. Ngakho kuyingozi kangakanani? Kungakhathaliseki kungenzeka ukuqaphela izimpawu pyeloectasia ngokwakho? Yini ukwelashwa kuzodinga ingane? Yini yezinkinga sifo lihlotshaniswa? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo kuzosisiza abazali abaningi.

ukhalo kwezinso: kuyini? A uhambo olufushane ku anatomy

Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi izinso ungumhleli izitho ezibalulekile excretory. Futhi ukuze baqonde ukuthi pyelectasia kudingeka kafushane bajwayelane izici yokwakheka komzimba womuntu.

Izinso - izitho abhanqiwe esemva ungqimba parietal we peritoneum yomgogodla lumbar. izinso ngamunye imbozwe capsule obukhulu fibrous esemgwaqweni ngokuqondile ngaphansi parenchyma ehlanganisa lomcebo cortical futhi cerebral - okungukuthi ngaphakathi emzimbeni, emaqaqasini okuyinto uhlelo wayenemfuyo futhi kukhuthaza umchamo.

Izakhi owesincane uhlelo kukhona Calyx kwezinso, okuyinto uhlangane nomunye ukwakha inkomishi emikhulu. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, eyinkimbinkimbi kwakhiwa kusukela amapuleti okuthiwa ukhalo kwezinso. Kuyini lokhu? Lesi sakhiwo lapho umchamo kuqoqwa futhi kufakwa le ureter. I ureters sokunene nesobunxele bawuthwale ngokuqondile esinyeni.

Lapho singasho ukuthi Expanded ukhalo kwezinso? Norm pathology

Ngokwemvelo, ukuze anqume ukuthi bukhona yini engavamile ingane, kubalulekile ukuba uqhathanise imingcele namagugu kuvunyelwe. Ngakho lokho ubukhulu kufanele ibe ukhalo kuvamile? Okuningi kuxhomeke ekutheni ukufunde yobudala ingane:

• ezingenzeka embungwini ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-32 okukhulelwa ngesilinganiso mayelana 4-5 mm;
• i-fetus amasonto 32-36, lezi zibalo kufanele alingane 7-8 mm;
• usayizi usana ukhalo kumele singeqi 7 mm.

Ngakho lokho pyelectasia? Lokhu zokugula libhekene ukunwetshwa ukhalo kwezinso. Kufanele ngokushesha kuqashelwe ukuthi lena akuyona isifo ezimele - luwumphumela we anomalies ekhona kohlelo urinary. By endleleni, lokhu zokugula singenzeka kokubili ngaphambi nangemva ukuzalwa komntwana.

isifo ngezigaba

Esigabeni lesi sifo ngezindlela eziningana. Ngokwesibonelo, pyelectasia ingane ingase ibe isandla sokudla, washiya emaceleni futhi kabili emaceleni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kucatshangelwa imbangela kanye nesikhathi ukunwetshwa ukhalo, ukwabelana isifo ku:

• isandiso organic azalwa naso (umphumela normal kwengane esiswini kwezitho urinary);
• isandiso esingokwemvelo ashukumisayo - iziyaluyalu elihlobene ne outflow umchamo ngokuvamile kutholakala izingane;
• izinso atholwe endaweni pyelectasia ingane - eba ngemva kokuzalwa ngenxa yokulimala kwezitho urinary ukuvuvukala ohlelweni excretory;
• atholwe isandiso ashukumisayo - kulotshwe urolithiasis noma khona izimila.

Ziyini izimbangela eziyinhloko zalokhu yentuthuko isifo

Uma ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwatholakala ukuthi ukhalo kwezinso enwetshiwe kuzalwa, kubalulekile ukuthola imbangela. Njengomthetho, usayizi ushintsho ngenxa yokwephulwa outflow umchamo - uketshezi aqoqana ukhalo kwezinso uhlelo kwezinso, okubangela nokwanda kwalo. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, outflow kahle uketshezi zingahlanganiswa pathologies ezahlukene.

Izizathu zihlanganisa ukuvaleka we ureter noma Ukuphakama kwephimbo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, valve iyunithi ureteropelvic kwakwakhe abhalwe ngendlela efanele, lapho umchamo iqala buthelela ku izinso. Pyelectasia kungenzeka ingane elihlobene ne buthakathaka kwezicubu - ubonakala phakathi ezizalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ngezinye izikhathi nezitsha ureters onomfutho, noma ezinye izitho eseduze, ikakhulukazi uma kunezingane ezihlukahlukene kwezinso fetus. Izinto eziyingozi ezingabangela i tifaka ekhatsi kuba khona izimila (kuhlanganise ingozi) kanye urolithiasis ngoba ukwakheka organic noma amaminerali kungaba occlude mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi we ureters, zikhala ukugeleza uketshezi.

It is wafakazela ukuthi kukhona yofuzo kanye ezithile. Izinto eziyingozi ezingabangela i zihlanganisa esindayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa (khona zangaphambi eclampsia, eclampsia), kanye ukuvuvukala okukhulu umama izinso ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ayini izimpawu zesifo kuhambisana?

Pyelectasia ingane ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngaphandle izimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi kungenzeka wazi ezinye izimpawu ze-non-ethize - ingane ukhala, ngezinye izikhathi ulahlekelwa esesuthi, iba ukubuyisa.

ngezinye izikhathi izingane ezindadlana esekhala kabi esiswini nasesifundeni lumbar. A ubuhlungu syndrome ne nobunzima uchama zingenza, kodwa ngokujwayelekile ohambisana nesifanekiso yezinkinga pyeloectasia, kuhlanganise ukwakheka amatshe e-izinso noma ukuthuthukiswa izifo ukuvuvukala.

I esiyingozi pyelectasia? imiphumela kungenzeka

Ezimweni eziningi, izinso kwengane pyelectasia a ingozi. Noma kunjalo, kukhona kungenzeka izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa, Ngakho-ke, ukuze uhlu lwabo kufanele ufunde:

• Ngenxa yokucindezela ngo esinyeni kungase kwandise ngokushesha ureter (megaureter) nge stenosis okwalandela.
• Ngezinye izikhathi abafana waphawula valvular posterior urethra.
• Izinkinga zihlanganisa Reflux vesicoureteral, lapho kukhona ukugeleza ukubuya umchamo ku izinso izakhiwo.
• Ukuvuvukala ureters (urethrocele), eliphumela kuphazamisa ukuchama evamile.
• Uma anda ukhalo kwezinso, kudala izimo sokuthuthukiswa ezinso ezinganeni.
• Hydronephrosis - a zokugula lapho kukhona ukunwetshwa ngokushesha ukhalo kwezinso, le ureter igcina olingene.
• Ureter angase awele urethra noma esithweni sangasese (ectopia).
• Ukuphazamiseka ukugeleza umchamo kungaholela ukuthuthukiswa pyelonephritis futhi kwezinso izicubu sclerosis.

Yokucwaninga Pathology Izindlela

Ngazi kanjani ukuthi ukhalo kwezinso enwetshiwe olusanda kuzalwa? Lokhu kungenziwa ngokusebenzisa ultrasound izinso futhi ingaphakathi peritoneal. By the way, ngokusho izibalo, izinso kwesokudla kuthintwa kaningi ngaphezu kwesokunxele. Kukhona omunye umthetho - ngenxa izici bokuphila kunamathuba amaningi okuthi pyeloectasia abafana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ithambekele lapho ethola ukuthi unesifo isifo nobumnene, ngokushesha amuke kwayona.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zama-X ray Luhlolo ziqhutshwa, kuhlanganise cysto- futhi urography. Ngokuvamile, usayizi ukhalo ngemva ukuchama akumele ushintshwe - ke ingenye ngaphezulu uphawu lwesifo kungatholakala phakathi ukuhlolwa.

Lokhu ukuhlukumeza kungabonwa ngisho nangaphambi kokuzalwa kwengane. Kusukela amasonto 17 okukhulelwa phakathi kokuxilongwa ultrasound i kudokotela onolwazi oluthé ungase uphawule ushintsho usayizi ukhalo kwezinso.

Ingabe kukhona ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo?

ukuphathwa Intrauterine ka fetus ayitholakali. Kaningi, njengoba ukukhula inkinga kwengane esiswini ubalekela ngokwalo ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Uma ukhalo kwezinso enwetshiwe kuzalwa, udokotela emva izifundo angenza nokwelapha okusebenzayo lwemithi.

Yiqiniso, ukwehlisa ubungako ukhalo usebenzisa izidakamizwa akunakwenzeka. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi yokwelapha izidakamizwa kuyehla kube ethola izidakamizwa ezihambisa ukugeleza umchamo. Ukwelashwa kuncike khona izinkinga. Lapho ukuvuvukala esimisiwe izidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala, e urolithiasis - kusho yakwazi ukuncibilikisa amaminerali ukwakheka ezincane futhi ukusheshisa excretion yabo.

Njalo ezinyangeni ezintathu, Uzodlula sokutholakala ukuthi une-ultrasonic. Ngakho udokotela unekhono ukulandelela okubakhona isifo. Ngokwezibalo, ezimweni eziningi pyelectasia adlulisela kuwona uqobo ukhalo usayizi ukubuya evamile njengoba ingane ikhula.

Emacaleni angu-olunzima kudingeka uhlinzwe. Ukuhlinzwa kuboniswa ezimweni lapho zokugula uyaqhubeka ethuthuka, ngakho kahle nokusebenza kwezinso. Inkomba kuyinto khona izinkinga, kuhlanganise Reflux vesicoureteral, ectopia, urolithiasis. Ngokuvamile, asetshenziselwa amasu endoscopic kuhlinzwa, okuyinto ugweme ukuhlinzwa ovulekile futhi isikhathi eside ukuvuselelwa.

Prevention yezinkinga

Ngeshwa, noma iyiphi izinyathelo eziqondile zokuvimbela alikho. Yiqiniso, umama okhulelwe kufanele ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo sempilo, ngokushesha ibhekane ekwelapheni izifo ezithile ukuvuvukala, futhi ngeke akukhohlwe isimiso ultrasound fetus. Uma angahlangani sitholakale utero, udokotela wakho uzoqapha ngokucophelela isimo ngayo lapho usana, okuyinto eyokusiza ukuba ligweme izinkinga ezingase zivele.

Imithetho efanayo kufanele kwenziwe futhi emva ukuzalwa komntwana - njalo ezinyangeni 3-6 ukwenza ultrasound ohlelweni genitourinary.