Uhlelo Namahlathi e ngoba ukulima: izici, ubuchwepheshe kanye nokubuyekeza

amasu Ukutshala okukhulunywe iqoqo izinyathelo ezihlose ukuthola ezithela eliphezulu izitshalo yezolimo. Plant ukukhula nokuthuthuka kwenzeke nethonya okuqhubekayo kwemvelo. Ezinye izimo kungase okwakheka ngalezi zinqubo, elinye - ukusheshisa. Yilokhu kunakwe lapho ukuklama kwepulani agrotechnical.

Iziphi izinyathelo eziqondile kungaba kwenziwe

Ngayinye isiko ethize ngokuvamile athuthukile uhlelo lokuhlukanisa Namahlathi. Ukuze izitshalo eziningi, kuhlanganisa imisebenzi elandelayo:

• tillage. Ngaphambi kokuba atshale yimuphi isiko yemifino kwenhlabathi emkhakheni, kule abamba ukushisa noma imibhede kufanele Uzithukululile futhi kuqondiswa.

• Ukuvundiswa. Ukuze ukukhula nokuthuthuka izitshalo zidinga umsoco. Vegetable izitshalo kungenzeka kwethulwa kokubili manyolo organic nokumbiwa.

• Ukulungiselela yenzalo impahla. Injongo eyinhloko yale nqubo ukuthuthukisa ukuhluma bese wehlise nezifo zezilimo.

• Ukutshala ukutshala. Kulokhu, imbewu kufanele libukwe ukusatshalaliswa ubuchwepheshe emhlabathini (ukujula, ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo nokunye.).

• Uyabakhathalela ngesikhathi yokukhula. Ukuze uthole izitshalo ezinhle isivuno kufanele kube okubi, ukhula, futhi yebo, amanzi.

• Ukuvuna. imifino ezivuthiwe kudingeka isikhathi ukuqoqa futhi bazilungiselele kahle yokugcina.

Futhi, noma iziphi uhlelo Agro-technical ithuthukiswe ngokuvumelana nemithetho ka alternation abanamasiko ahlukahlukene. Lokhu kwandisa umkhiqizo kanye kakhulu sinciphise izinga lokutholakala kwengculazi ukutheleleka kwezifo ezithathelwanayo izitshalo.

Ubuchwepheshe eziyisisekelo ezikhulayo izitshalo yemifino

Kukhona izindlela eziningana ukunakekelwa isitshalo yaleli qembu. Okokuqala esekhulile izitshalo yemifino yilezi:

• endle;

• e zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo.

Ngoba kufike umuntu mumbe futhi ingasetshenziswa isiko efanayo, futhi yena nabanye imiklamo. Ukuze sikhule imifino in zokugcina kunzima kakhulu, kodwa kungenzeka ukuthola ezithela kuyo yomibili ihlobo nobusika.

Ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe

Ingase futhi uzilungiselele Agrotechnical uhlelo ubuchwepheshe ngomshini we ukutshala izitshalo, futhi ezivamile. Eyesibili indlela isebenzisa amaholide ezindaweni ezincane suburban kaningi. Kulokhu, ngokuvamile kuphela ngomshini zokutshala amazambane (phansi zilima). On amapulazi iningi imisebenzi ehlobene unakekelwe izitshalo Kwenziwa kusetshenziswa inqubo. Lokhu kusebenza, isibonelo, izinqubo ezifana zilima, Ukukhipha, ayakhala, hoeing, futhi ngezinye izikhathi isivuno uqobo lwaso.

ubuchwepheshe okuhlukaniswe yokukhula izitshalo njengoba olunzulu futhi ebanzi. Esimweni sokuqala, kugcizelelwa ukusetshenziswa kabanzi izinto zobuchwepheshe obuphambili, zathuthukisa izindlela umsebenzi inhlangano, nokunye. D. ubuchwepheshe Olubanzi zidinga ngaphezu kwakho konke ukwanda izindawo kutshalwa, kanye edonsa zabasebenzi eyengeziwe.

ukunakekelwa Izici

Yiqiniso, uhlelo Agro-technical ukutshala izitshalo yemifino kufanele ehambisana izici oyizalayo. Ukunakekela izitshalo ikakhulukazi ecabangela, lapho iqembu elithile ukuthi banendawo. Imifino zehlukaniswe ngendlela elandelayo:

• Iminyaka yokuphila kwabantu. Kule ndaba, kukhona kunye, kubili futhi zisetshenziswa izitshalo.

• Ngenhlonipho ukufudumeza. Indlela elula ukuthuthukisa uhlelo Agro-technical for isiko eziqinile. izitshalo okunjalo bayakwazi ukukhula at okushisa ezisukela 1 degree futhi kalula ukumelana amakhaza degrees -10. Cold-isiko ziqhume ezingeni lokushisa 2-5 degrees. Nokho, lezi imifino ngokuvamile ibekezelelwe hhayi kahle t ukwandisa degrees ezingaphezu kwezingu-25. izitshalo Heat abathanda zakha ingxenye enkulu kutshalwa okwamanje. Aya lokushisa ukukhula 12-15 degrees. Kukhona futhi isiko ukushisa ukumelana.

• Maqondana ukukhanya. Kulokhu, zonke imifino zihlukaniswe efunwa kakhulu, bafune futhi undemanding.

• Mayelana umswakama. izitshalo Iningi yemifino zidinga ukuthambisa njalo. Hhayi kakhulu lifuna umswakama kumane kungamanye okusabhontshisi, imifino impande kanye amakhabe.

Zikhona nezinye izimpawu kanye nezindlela Ukwahlukaniswa imifino. Kunoma ikuphi, izici begazi izitshalo okuthintekayo izinto ezifana isikhathi betshala ukukhetha kukamanyolo, isakhiwo nokunye. D.

kwezitshalo

Namahlathi e plan nokukhiqiza izitshalo emapulazini amakhulu noma ezindaweni ezincane suburban kumele iyawakha ikhumbula kuhlanganise PERIODICITY we lokufikela izitshalo zinhlobo ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, it is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba sihlakulele isiko efanayo iminyaka eminingi endaweni efanayo. Izitshalo kudle ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi futhi buthelela izingxenye eziluhlaza izakhi mkhondo ngezabelo ukungalingani. Ngakho-ke, lapho esekhulile endaweni eyodwa isikhathi eside isikhathi esisodwa isiko kukhona Ukuwohloka okusheshayo kwenhlabathi.

Kuyefana nasendleleni izifo. Ngamunye iqembu izitshalo, kukhona izifo ezivame kakhulu futhi "siqu" izinambuzane zabo. Ukuze kungabi zanqwabelana enhlabathini, isibonelo, inombolo enkulu isikhunta ezinhlamvu, izibungu futhi t. D., Futhi ekhiqizwa kwezitshalo.

Namahlathi e uhlelo ukutshala ubhontshisi

Ukuze umfundi ungathola umqondo okubonakalayo ukuthi ezolimo, ngemuva kwalokhu ozobizwa sicabangele kafushane, ngaphansi imithetho ukunakekelwa okwenziwa ubhontshisi.

Ekubhaleni plan for ukutshala lolu kwezitshalo kufanele uqale kukhunjulwe ukuthi kungcono ukutshala emva ukhukhamba, utamatisi, amazambane kanye iklabishi. Ngokungafani peas, ubhontshisi, uma babefisa, kungaba itshalwe ngisho nangemva imidumba. Imbewu ukuhlwanyelwa ngokuvamile ibekwe at ibanga 15-20 cm emgqeni futhi 45-50 cm kwezinhlu zezihlalo. Ngokumba ekwindla kanye kuyinto efiselekayo ukwenza superphosphate e isamba 40 g ngalinye 1 m ^2. Ngo abampofu inhlabathi entwasahlobo, ngaphambi betshala okwengeziwe okwenza Umanyolo ephelele (70 g / m ^2). Ukuze sondle ubhontshisi ingasetshenziswa nitrogen kakhulu cha. Lokhu kungaholela ezithela aphansi.

Lapho ekhula yaleli kwezitshalo Kubalulekile futhi ukuba bagcine ubuchwepheshe wokunisela. Uma uqala imanzise umhlabathi ngaphansi ubhontshisi ekuseni kakhulu, izitshalo angawa off esibelethweni. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, ubhontshisi kuthiwa uyophuziswa kancane, phakathi nesomiso ikakhulukazi kuphela.

Izibuyekezo izindlela ezehlukene lalezi zimbali ezikhula

Ngayinye yemifino amasiko athile ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene ke lakhiwe amasu amaningi ukulima ekhethekile. Abaningi babo baye yasetshenziswa ngempumelelo njengoba izakhamizi ehlobo eziqiwini ezizimele, ngezinga elikhulu amapulazi. Izibuyekezo ezinhle kakhulu kukhona, isibonelo, mayelana nemikhuba elikhulayo emikhulu ewumngcingo, akhiwa Dr. Mittlaydera. Njengoba abatshali eziningi ezifuywayo, ukusetshenziswa kwalo kungandisa isivuno pheze ngesiquntu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi imifino sikhule esikhulu kakhulu.

Futhi Izibuyekezo okuhle labo abenza ukutshala izitshalo, uhlelo Agro-technical lifanelwe imifino ezikhula Jevons. Lokhu isazi sezitshalo abanolwazi weluleka ukusebenzisa umquba amagciwane aerobic, bese utshala izitshalo ngendlela uvalo. Ngokwezazi ezithile abatshali, Jevons usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe kungandisa isivuno izitshalo yemifino sikhiqize inani eliphindwe kabili.

Yiqiniso, azikho izibuyekezo ezinhle kakhulu zonke izinhlobo ubuchwepheshe eqondile ukutshalwa izitshalo kuleli qembu. Abanye abalimi bakholelwa ukuthi amasu ngamunye onjalo kusebenza kuphela kule ndawo ethile, yezimo ezithile zezulu nezinhlobonhlobo. abatshali okunjalo uncamela ukuthuthukisa izindlela zabo yokukhula ukhukhamba, utamatisi, ummbila, izaqathe, beet nokunye. D.

Indlela yokutshala izitshalo e nursery ihlathi

Ngesisekelo salokho izici athuthukile uhlelo zokunakekela for izitshalo yemifino, thina atholakala. Okunye izitshalo zingatshalwa ku kobuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi ngaphezulu noma lula. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlela izinto ozozenza yezolimo ihlathi kuyo senziwa kanyekanye ehlukahlukene. Encwadini masterbatch enjalo izithombo beminyaka yobudala efanayo ipulazi amapulazi-esekhulile. inkambu okunjalo selibekiwe kanye eminyakeni embalwa futhi ayinaso ngokushintshana. Emasimini aseleko ngokwesiko ngokuthi "ezikoleni". On ngamunye wabo can kube nezihlahla zinhlobo ezahlukene D. esekhulile kunqunywa ukuxhumelela ezindaweni eziluhlaza nokunye. D. inhlangano nursery endaweni ngokwayo ngempela athuthukile imigwaqo isakhiwo, izitshalo dustproof, ipulazi izakhiwo, nokunye.

isiphetho

Ngakho, siye sathola nawe ukuthi lokhu ukutshalwa uhlelo Agro-lobuchwepheshe. Lena ngokuyinhloko ngendlela ehlelekile futhi olubanzi project ukuqaliswa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba nemisebenti lehlose ukuthola ezithela eziphakeme okungenzeka imifino. Kukhona Imithetho jikelele for ukukhiqizwa izitshalo kuleli qembu. Nokho, ngamunye isiko ethize, ngokuya izici zayo begazi, bakhula uhlelo ayo.