Uhlelo malini Russian Federation

Uhlelo yemali yezwe - ithuthukiswe phezu ukuthuthukiswa mlando uhlobo inhlangano kwegazi yemali, elinesimo isimo esithile futhi ngokusemthethweni livikeleke emthethweni.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uhlelo yemali yezwe ukulandela omunye komunye njengoba ezinkathini ezihlukahlukene zomlando imali imisebenzi ngeendlela ezihlukeneko. Njengomthetho, zilandelana indawo uhlelo lwemali metallic ku uhlelo yemali wesikweletu nephepha imali lapho igolide kwegazi dengwane ngokuphelele.

Uhlelo yemali isimo kusho ukuba khona lwemali ezithile, ezahlukene izinhlobo imali, esikalini intengo, udumo noma apharathasi isimo futhi uhlelo ekushayweni.

Lwemali - inqunywe isimo yasebhange inothi, lapho Amayunithi obonakaliswe zonke izintengo yiziphi izimpahla.

Uhlelo malini Russian Federation esigabeni samanje libhekene eziningi izici esimeme, njengalezi ezilandelayo. Okokuqala, akusona iphepha igolide usekelwa futhi credit imali (imali engamaphepha umklomelo wegolide akukwazi). Namuhla, kunomkhuba engaguquki maqondana uboleka imali ngaphandle bargaining igolide futhi Reborn e amanothi ephepheni. Imali eRussia ekhiqizwa hhayi kuphela ngenjongo ukugcinwa kanye nokuphathwa wesikweletu, kodwa futhi ukumboza lechitfwa nguhulumende. Kwegazi yemali kuqala ukwanda phakathi ifomu non-cash. Regulation zemali in kwegazi Kwenziwa iziphathimandla zikahulumeni.

Uhlelo malini Russian Federation kulawulwa umthetho 1992 "Ngo uhlelo malini WaseRussia." Ngokusho idokhumenti, lwemali wezwe olusemthethweni iyona ruble, a wamaqhuzu ingxenye okuyinto ethatha penny (owodwa wokuhamba Ruble). Ekushayweni iyiphi enye imali akuyona Insimu Russian Federation akuvunyelwe nakancane.

Kwesokudla ukukhipha imali kanye okwesula kunyatheliswa amanothi usalelwe Central Bank. Wabuye igodle ilungelo elehlukile ukusetha rate of the ruble ngokumelene zezimali zamazwe ehlukene.

Yemaphepha eRussia ezimbili kuphela - imali yamaphepha kanye ruble. Mbumbulu imali engena emthethweni. Izwe ugunyaze ngokusemthethweni ukusebenza yemali (imali ewuhlweza, amaphepha) kanye non-cash (i-akhawunti yasebhange, isitokwe ikhadi) imali.

Russian uhlelo yemali ikhona futhi usebenza ngaphansi komthetho sikahulumeni ka 1995 "On the Central Bank of the Russian Federation," umthetho kahulumeni we-1996 "Ngo amabhange nomsebenzi yasebhange", kanye izichibiyelo okwalandela nezinye izakhamzimba ukuze le mithetho. Le mithetho ukuchaza izinto eziyisisekelo uhlelo imali eRussia, imisebenzi, imisebenzi kanye namandla we-Central Bank ngo ngokuya ihogela nokusakazwa imali kuleli lizwe.

Ibhange emaphakathi igcina amasampula olusemthethweni banknotes kanye zemali, lokukhokha esenziwa umthetho. Uhlelo malini Russian Federation ubeka ukuthi amayunithi yemali esikhishwe Central Bank ziyadingeka ukwamukela, uyasho ukuthi akhawunti, izincwadi wesikweletu, imali, njll kulo lonke Russian Federation njengoba zinjalo.

Wamemezela imali yamaphepha ayivumelekile akukwazi ngaphambi kosuku exchange of amanothi imodeli entsha. Njengomthetho, leli gama kuhluka unyaka 1 kuya eminyakeni emi-5. I imali yamaphepha entsha ikhishwa ukuze izamba zazo ngezikhathi ikhishwe inzuzo yemali.

Kuze kube manje, isakhiwo supply imali Russia imelelwa M0, M1, M2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iyunithi isetshenziswa 2X M, okuyinto okuthiwa "imali ezibanzi" (isamba M2 nazo zonke izinhlobo izimali zakwamanye amazwe ezifakwa).

Namuhla, isakhiwo supply imali we Russian Federation libhekene, naphezu mkhuba ezisobala okwandisa non-cash imisebenzi, ngempela ingxenye okusezingeni eliphezulu yemali, kubalulekile ezimali adayiswa lwemali kuleli zwe, kanye khona kweziqu ezimelele. Izingxenye ngazinye RF ohlelweni yemali kukhona ngokwanele ehlukile komunye nomunye futhi convertibility kwabo komunye nomunye kunzima, okuholela izindleko ezengeziwe.