Kuyini nesikweletu? Yiziphi izindleko?

Amasheya, amabhondi, izikweletu zokwenana - iyona izibambiso, ngamunye ephethe izici zayo siqu. wezabelo ezijwayelekile, isibonelo, kuthiwa ilungelo lokuvota, ne iqhaza emhlanganweni jikelele bamasheya, zabanikazi bangathola izinzuzo. Futhi wezabelo ezijwayelekile, njengoba umthetho, anelungelo ngenhla, uma lezi izibambiso adayiswa esidlangalaleni.

Bond - ke kuba insimbi izikweletu enikeza umnikazi ilungelo lokuthola kwenani eliyimali , futhi kwezinye izimo, isigqebhezana njengoba lenani bokuzisholo. Kulabo izinkampani ukuthi ukukhipha izibopho, bayindlu okulingana loan. Kulabo othenga kubo - ikhono ukwenza inkokhelo isigqebhezana, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi idlule inzalo ezifakwa emabhange. Izindlu nezindawo kuvame ekhishwe ifomu uncertificated, ngesimo okufakiwe ekulandiseni futhi nokulingana izibambiso.

Lapho ochwepheshe ukukhuluma ngesihloko esithi "Liyini bill?", Bakhomba kwesimo sayo ekhethekile. Kuyinto Promissory nokuvikeleka izikweletu futhi ngokufanele ehlotshisiwe iphepha document, okukhombisa ukuthi umenzi ubophekile ukuba ukhokhe isamba ngokungenamibandela esibekiwe (inothi promissory). Lezi izibambiso zikhishwa ngokuvamile kwetinhlobo letikhetsekile ukuthi uzitholele ukuphrinta enemvume. Ukuze uvikeleke, lezo zinhlobo abe lama- iphepha okhethekile, amamaki wamanzi, polymer izindikimba, umbhalo micro. ababoleka elikhulu ukukhipha izibambiso nge design eliyingqayizivele futhi degrees yokuvikela.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukuguqulwa kukho elula ukuthi ukuzinikela. Kuyini inothi promissory ekhishwe kuleli fomu? It kusikisela ukuba khona ukuze (isiphakamiso) kusuka kumuntu lunikeza ukulondeka, ikheli lokukhokha yokukhokha umnikazi ethile esikhathini esinikeziwe isikhathi. Ukuze instrument yezimali efana iphathwe ngokuphepha emakethe, ngesikhathi idumela le Umkhiphi njengesiko "umboleki" ithembekile, uyazigcwalisa izibopho zayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukwandisa ukukhanga ebusweni, avumele lezi zibopho, ukungena esivumelwaneni jikelele noma isivumelwano esihlukile (isib isikhungo credit), lapho wena ekuphuzeni izikweleti. Lo msebenzi kusho ukuthi ibhange kufanele abuyisele izikweletu lomuntu icala ngenxa yezokuphepha.

Mhlawumbe abanye kuyoba ukwazi ukuthi bill ngombono komlando okunjengalokhu. Lo mbhalo uvele Italy emhlabeni ngekhulu le-12. Izwe laliyisikhungo commerce, abathengisi lapha ngisuka izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomhlaba ne zemali yabo. A ezihlukahlukene lwemali kwaholela eqinisweni ukuthi kwathatha labantshintshi bemali. Bathatha phezu ukusebenza futhi abanye recompense ngeke ukuqopha kuthengiselana ezincwadini zabo, okuyinto ngesikhathi akhiwa notarization. Njengoba kwanda ukuhweba ukuba baphathe imali kusukela komunye umuzi komunye ke luye lwaba ingozi. Ngakho osomabhizinisi wanikela imali moneychanger umnikazi, wenza i-entry encwadini, wasiphinda ku Thatha iphe-, okungase ukukhiqiza enye umnikazi. Ngakho kwakukhona inguqulo ehunyushiwe insimbi wezimali.

Uyini ibhili uhlelo lwezimali Russian? Ngo-pre-yokwakha kabusha inkathi ukusakazwa lezi izibambiso ngokuyinhloko umlingisi kwezomnotho wangaphandle. Njengoba sekunama-ubudlelwane emakethe yazibonakalisa bill imisebenzi. Ekuqaleni kwawo-90 sika, abazange basakaze ngenxa ukwenyuka kakhulu kwamandla emali, Ukwehla emnothweni. ababoleka hle we plan onjalo uvele kuphela 1994-95. ngaphakathi the bombo of izinkampani ezinkulu namabhange. Ngemva 1998 esibucayi , umthethosivivinywa usebenze njengomahluleli amathuluzi ukusekela zezimali uhlelo lwezimali. Okwamanje, bajwayele kabanzi, kanye nabanye amafa ezihlukahlukene ukuthengiselana lokukhokha okungaphezulu futhi nokwenza imali.