INkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu YaseYurophu

Ngo-1953, lo mkhuba global zomthetho, umzimba omusha, kamuva elaba Court of Justice European. ngaphansi komthetho yayisekelwe WaseYurophu Human Rights. Bamemezela amalungelo ayisisekelo nenkululeko. Yayiyini eNkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu ngaphambili, futhi yilokho eyikho namuhla, thina esihlokweni.

Umlando nesenzakalo

Ekuqaleni, lesi Sivumelwano kwaba ngaphansi kwesivikelo izidumbu ezintathu, ezazihlanganisa iKomidi oNgqongqoshe, uKhomishane kanye neNkantolo ngokwayo, iNkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu futhi iHhovisi likaNobhala, njengoba umzimba osizayo.

Isentha esasayinwa 47 angamalungu e, ngakho umsebenzi oyinhloko izidumbu angenhla ukuqapha indlela imithetho yayo ayahlonishwa. Lokhu inkinga isixazululekile ngokuhlola futhi ekuxazululeni izikhalo ukuthi angasebenza:

• ngamunye;
• iqembu labantu;
• izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni;
• Amazwe iqhaza.

Ekuqaleni isikhalazo kubhekwe yiKhomishana, futhi uma kunjalo, icala labe idluliselwe eNkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu, okwenza isinqumo sokugcina. Nge lo mphumela obuhlungu yokuhlola of icala lalihilela, iKomiti woNgqongqoshe.

Ngo-1994, uhlelo okushintshile, futhi izikhalazo ukuba kube nomphumela omuhle we izicelo badlula enkantolo yabo.

Ngo-1998 ushintshe isakhiwo - Court of Human Rights kanye European Commission sebehlanganisiwe ukuba sibe umzimba owodwa.

yomthetho

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi EMhlanganweni esasayinwa amazwe 47, iNkantolo ezindabeni zabantu-European akuyona ngabo inkantolo ephakeme kunazo zonke. Ngakho-ke,:

• Akukona negate ukwahlulelwa, okuyinto vele uye bamukela inkantolo kazwelonke noma eminye imigwamanda kahle kwemandla embuso lamazwe ilungu;
• Akukona ngibanika iziyalezo kwisishayamthetho;
• akalisebenzisi ukulawula komthetho kazwelonke futhi imizimba, elilawulayo zabo;
• Akukona ukunikeza umyalelo ku izinyathelo ngemiphumela kwezomthetho.

INkantolo YaseYurophu ngokuhambisana ngamakhono abo:

• uhlola izikhalazo ukwephula umthetho;
• imiklomelo iqembu ukulahlekelwa ukuze buyisela party yimpumelelo ngesimo isinxephezelo yemali, ukulimala kwempahla, okungezona yezimali umonakalo kanye icala izindleko.

Yesikhathi eside umkhuba wenkantolo ayazi lutho amacala non-ekugcwalisekeni izinqumo zayo. Lokhu ngokwengxenye achaza ngu yokuthi lokungalandeli umthetho kungaholela ekumisweni kobulungu kanye baxoshwe-European Council. Enforcement of izahlulelo ukulawula iKomidi of Ministers.

Lokho uwela ngaphansi kwekhono iNkantolo YaseYurophu?

Kusukela namandla esikhundla Enkantolo kusekelwe Convention, zamakhono ayovela kuye. Ngakho, ke unga:

• ukuze ahumushe Convention, ngaphambi elibusayo ngesicelo weKomidi oNgqongqoshe, futhi ukunikeza imibono sokweluleka angahambisani kokuhlola of amacala;
• ukucabanga kokubili ngamunye nanjengeqembu inter-state sokukhononda European Union futhi uMkhandlu WaseYurophu;
• ukuqaphela iqiniso ukwephulwa kwamalungelo wesicelo futhi umklomelo wakhe, uma win, inkokhelo;
• ukusungula umthetho kuleli lizwe, njengoba enzeka mass, futhi sizokwenza kube ukuqeda inkinga.

Isakhiwo kanye nokusungulwa

Isakhiwo zokwahlulela kuhlanganisa abantu abangu-47 - indlela yokwakheka amazwe eziye ngemvume idokhumenti. Ijaji ngalinye ayokhethelwa yiminyaka emakhulu asithoba futhi kungenzeka aphinde aqokelwe.

Ukukhethwa amajaji - umsebenzi weSigungu ePhalamende, okuyinto ukhetha omunye abazobhapathizwa ezintathu ohlwini oluthunyelwe isimo ilungu.

abasebenzi likanobhala lakhiwa abantu 679, kuhlanganise 62 abasebenzi - izakhamuzi zaseRussia. Belingana ne nabaqashwa kanye lobuchwepheshe ukusebenza njengoba abasebenzi abameli nabahumushi.

Umlando Russia eNkantolo YaseYurophu.

I Russian Federation asayina Sivumelwane 1998, May 5. Ngaphambi kwalolo suku kuze kube manje isikhathi wamalungelo wobuntu WaseRussia eyingoduso eNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo. INkantolo enezinto eziningi umehluko kuwo. Yini?

Inkantolo izenzo ngokuhambisana Isentha kanye yoMthethosisekelo ngokuvumelana uMthethosisekelo.

Izinkantolo banemizimba ezahlukene zokulawula - Court of interethnic Nokuthuthukiswa Komthethosisekelo European - kazwelonke.

Ngokusho weNkantolo yoMthethosisekelo, ukuqashelwa wezenzo nomthethosisekelo noma bo hlinzeka ehlukile kudingeka ukushintshwa, ngokomthetho kahulumeni. INkantolo Nokho, awukwazi ukushintsha isinqumo esithathwe yinkantolo kazwelonke, akusiyo iyahambisana-sisekelo.

Kodwa naphezu umehluko, ayikho lezizitsha ingaphezu nezinye.

Unompempe lokuqala ezivela eRussia lezwakala Anatoly Kovler (1998-2012). Yena salandelwa Dmitry Dedov, ngubani yijaji ngesikhathi samanje.

Ngokwezibalo, Russia lifaka kuqala izibalo zezikhalazo ezifakwe okufakiwe eNkantolo YaseYurophu.

Kulabo okwaxoxwa nabo ngo-2010 kuya ku-862 815 ezindabeni Russian zitholiwe ukuphulwa. Inkantolo yayalela ukuthatha izinyathelo jikelele, okwaholela izinguquko isakhiwo lokujeziswa. Okwamanje kuncike ukuguqula ezinye izici kwecala.

Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi Russian Federation idluliselwe eNkantolo lobukhosi. Ngakho-ke, i-Russia ngeke akhiphe izinqumo ukuthi ukusebenzisa counter uMthetho-sisekelo wayo.

Imigomo nemibandela lwezikhalazo

I yokhalazayo nge iNkantolo YaseYurophu, kumele ihlangabezane kwale mibandela elandelayo:

• kungase kube ngaphansi kuphela amalungelo nenkululeko ebhalwe kuloluGunyazo Isivumelwano bese Tekusebenta kwaso;
• kwabamangali kungenzeka abantu emzimbeni, licembu lebantfu, izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni ;
• e ummangali kufanele ucacise izihloko soMthetho-sisekelo, owawuthi wephule ilungelo lakhe nenkululeko, nedatha yawo siqu: igama, usuku lokuzalwa, indawo yokuhlala kanye nomsebenzi;
• isikhalazo ezocatshangelwa uma sibhekiswe ezweni eye yakusekela ukumiswa kwalo Mkhandlu futhi Tekusebenta kwaso, futhi izenzakalo okuchazwe esitatimendeni okwenzeka ngemva kokuqiniswa;
• ummangalelwa akukwazi umuntu yangasese noma inhlangano;
• isikhalazo inkathi ngeke sidlule izinyanga 6 emva luhlolo abagunyaziwe;
• le nkathi iphazamisekile yokwamukelwa eNkantolo YaseYurophu emva isicelo sokuqala ebhaliwe noma ifomu eligcwalisiwe kusukela isicelo;
• isikhalazo ubhekwa yamukeleke uma umfakisicelo isiphelile etholakalayo amakhambi yasekhaya.

Icala iNkantolo YaseYurophu kubhekwa kusukela eminyakeni emi-3 kuya kwemi-5.

Lapho ukuthumela isikhalazo sakho?

Uma isicelo ihlangana zonke izidingo, kufanele wenziwe efomini. It ingalandwa, kanye imiyalelo yokuqedela c echr.coe.int.

Ifomu ukuphrinta, ugcwalise bese uthumela Court of Human European ekhelini elingenzansi.

Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we kumelwe libe nale mininingwane elandelayo:

• Igama eliphelele, usuku lokuzalwa, ubuzwe nekheli kummangali;
• igama Party noma Amaphathi engibukhulumile ngaso isikhalazo sigcwalisiwe;
• isitatimende Finyeta ubuye ucacise kahle amaqiniso ukwephula abasolwa, noma ukwephula amaphuzu Isentha namaphuzu, kanye isitatimende ukuhambisana nemibandela admissibility.

Uma une omele, kubalulekile ukuba akhombise kwifomu:

• igama, ikheli, inombolo yocingo, inombolo yefeksi nekheli le-imeyili yakhe;
• lusuku nekusayina kwathishelanhloko umfakisicelo.

Isikhalazo njalo ezithunyelwa kuleli kheli elingezansi.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ayehlala ezindlini isinqumo seNkantolo, umfakisicelo bazokwaziswa ngesinqumo sakhe encwadini.