Thyroid Izigaxana: izimpawu kanye nokwelashwa

Thyroid Izigaxana - inkinga ezivamile Endocrinology. Esinye sezizathu esiyinhloko ivela khona ubhekwa ukuntuleka kwe-iodine emzimbeni. Lokhu zokugula kuwumphumela womsebenzi endocrine-ukubhidliza futhi libukeka izinguquko sokugembula ezithinta indlala yegilo. Uma isikhathi ukuchitha ukwelashwa, Izigaxana angase avuse okuvela izifo eziningi.

Ukugula kwenzeka nzima ukwakha eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yezingxenye kokuba wemasayizi izimpawu, kanye inkambo ehlukile okubulalayo nokuhlala kungavamile ukuba ingozi. kumiswa okunjalo kungaba kuqukathe capsule noma uketshezi. Abaningi imfundo nodal we Lobe kwesokudla indlala yegilo, ngendlela efanayo njengoba kwesokunxele, ingozi, kodwa qiniseka ukuba ibhekane ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa okwalandela. Uma lesi sifo hhayi ngokushesha ziphathwe, lokho kungase kubangele ukubukeka pathologies ezehlukene.

Okuvame kakhulu imfundo nodal we Lobe kwesokudla indlala yegilo, futhi ngeminyaka ingozi ivela khona luyanda. In amadoda, lokhu zokugula kwenzeka kaningi ukudlula abantu besifazane.

Isakhiwo indlala yegilo

Omunye izitho ebaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni endocrine iyona indlala yegilo. It yenza amahomoni equkethe iodine. Ngesimo kufana butterfly futhi itholakala entanyeni.

Indlala yegilo siqukethe kulesi siqephu sezwe, namanoni aphezu kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Kwabanye abantu, kukhona share ezengeziwe ibheke phezulu isuka empandeni isiqeshana sezwe. amaseli EPITHELIAL iyokwakhiwa follicle ezikhiqiza ama-hormone. A follicle kuyinto bubble elincane uketshezi ngaphakathi. Ngo kwempilo e indlala follicular ukuchichima uketshezi kwenzeka, futhi ngenxa yalokho kukhona ngamaqhubu.

Yini ifindo bakha ngayo

Thyroid Izigaxana ayizimvu zamanzi ukuthi kuhluke isakhiwo kusukela inyama ephilile. Wonke umuntu wazi nemingcele evamile, ongenza ukuzihlola ukuze abone izimila. A yegilo indlala enempilo libhekene yokuthi:

• It has ebusweni efanayo ngaphandle ziboya futhi ayimigodi;
• kwabantu efanayo;
• ingcindezi ubuhlungu ebucayi asivelanga;
• kokubili iyizingxenye kukhona izinhlangothi zazo ziyalingana.

Ukuze sithole isizathu esenza kwakukhona zokugula, kubalulekile ukubhekana kuya endocrinology. Ngenani yegilo Izigaxana kungaba:

• wodwa kanjani, okungukuthi olulodwa;
• amaningi;
• nhlanganisela, okungukuthi, isizinda amaningi ehlangana nomunye.

ukubukeka Single njengomuntu bead encane ophumile futhi zingaba inoma isiphi amasheya noma lesi siqephu sezwe. izakhiwo Multiple kungangena noma indawo indlala yegilo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baba ukwandisa bese bakha goiter nodular. Singasho landa kancane kancane, eminyakeni edlule, noma avele ngokushesha, emasontweni ambalwa nje.

Izinhlobonhlobo yegilo Izigaxana

Kukhona kunezinhlobonhlobo izimila nodular, okuyinto zingafani isakhiwo kanye nobungako. Kuye izici kwesakhiwo, yegilo Izigaxana yilezi:

• Colloid;
• simila;
• adenoma;
• umdlavuza.

izingxenye colloidal aqukethe eningi amahomoni kungenzeka eyodwa noma amaningi. Zikhula kancane kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini ngengozi, njengoba akusho avuse izimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube ukonakala kuwuphawu lwesimila ingozi ibe neoplasm ebulalayo.

Simila libukeka capsule egcwele uketshezi. Ngokuvamile kuthinta abesifazane futhi esibonakala ngokuqina ukukhula kancane kakhulu. Njengoba imvilophi yabo iba izacile futhi kungenziwa obuzwiwa palpation of oscillation uketshezi ngaphakathi.

Adenoma ifana ibhola ise capsule fibrous. It libhekene ukwenyuka kancane futhi ingalulandeli eziningi imizimba etholakala. It is ikakhulukazi ezitholakala abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-40, futhi kakhulu ukudlula abantu besifazane.

neoplasms Ebulalayo kukhona mhlawumbe othile node eliqukethe amangqamuzana anomdlavuza. Lokhu neoplasm kungekho imingcele ecacile, ezimvilophini, futhi libhekene ukukhula ngesivinini. Ukuze touch emaningi ngokwanele, kodwa akusho ubuhlungu.

Izimbangela isifo

Akwaziwa ngokuphelele ukuthi kubangela ukwakheka nodular yegilo Lobe Nokho kukhona ungalokothi uphuze izinto ezithile ukuze leso sifo. Lezi zinto zibandakanya:

• hypothermia;
• ukucindezeleka njalo;
• ngemvelo ezimbi;
• ukuntula iodine;
• ukuvuvukala;
• ufuzo ezimbi.

Lapho supercooling kwenzeka vasospasm ukuthi kuphakamisa ukwephulwa izingxenye ngazinye indlala yegilo, okuholela amasosha omzimba ziyancipha kakhulu, okuholela le nkinga ye cell division. Imbangela yalokho kukhulula engalawuliwe hormone kuyinto imvelo esibi. Lokhu kungadala kumiswa izimila.

Lapho ukuntula iodine uqala ukwandisa yegilo. kuphakama imfundo Nodal ngenxa yokuthi yensimbi esizama ukuthola igazi inani elingekho iodine. Ukuvuvukala yegilo iyizingxenye kungenzeka inkambo izinqubo ukuvuvukala, kanjalo ukwakha ISIZINDA Ngokufana lwesimila. Pathology Ungase futhi zenzeka ngenxa ufuzo.

Engozini yilena:

• abesifazane;
• abantu abaneminyaka engama-55;
• iziguli nezinye izifo endocrine;
• kokuba Umlando womkhaya wokusebenzisa kabi abanale nkinga.

Abantu kulezi zigaba ngempela kudingeka ukuqapha ngokucophelela isimo sabo futhi ngezikhathi ukuqhuba palpation we indlala yegilo. Ephambi kwezinduna ubuhlungu, izigaxa noma ukwanda ngobukhulu kudingeka ukuba aye kudokotela futhi lapho ethola ukuthi unesifo ukucacisa egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo.

Izimpawu eyinhloko yemfundo nodal

Izimpawu yendlala Izigaxana kukhona incike ubukhulu kanye nenombolo ye-hormone. Ukuswelakala kokusebenza ngokuhlanganyela izimpawu e ubukhulu encane ibonisa ukuthi umzimba ethintekile asisho ukukhiqiza ama-hormone. Yingakho kumiswa esigabeni sokuqala kungenziwa kuphela kunqunywa ngesikhathi uphethwe ultrasound.

Ababongela abadlali abe nezimpawu ezifana lemfundo nodal we Lobe kwesokunxele indlala yegilo, njenge:

• izinguquko izwi;
• okubangelwa nenkinga yokugwinya;
• iphika;
• umkhuhlane;
• tachycardia;
• ukuqunjelwa;
• ubuthaka imisipha.

Lesi sifo libhekene yokuthi kungathinta izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Ingozi iba ukuthi kukhona kunomthelela oqonde ngqo ekuthuthukiseni ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo izinkomba ingane. Inqubo yokwelapha kungaba ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Lapho retrosternal goiter nesineke indawo kungenzeka ukhathazekile iphika umuzwa kokucindezelwa emphinjeni. Esimeni eyodwa noma ngaphezulu izimpawu zesifo kumele ngokushesha uxhumane udokotela luhlolo kanye nokwelashwa okwalandela. Kulula kakhulu ukuqeda lesi sifo lapho besanda kuqala, kuka ukubhekana ukuxakeka.

Ukuqhuba sitholakele yegilo Izigaxana

Uma indlala yegilo kuthintwa, imfundo nodal emabangeni kokuqala kungatholakala kuphela emva ngokuzimisela efanele. nakanjani kudingeka ubonane nodokotela ukuze izimpawu zesifo. Labo abasengozini, kubalulekile ukuba ibhekane izivivinyo njalo ukukhalima, ozokusiza ukuhlonza isifo emabangeni kokuqala.

Ekuqaleni endocrinology uqhuba kuhlolwe ngamehlo futhi, uma Izigaxana ezikhonjwe kokubili iyizingxenye yegilo ke uhlolwa ubungako bawo, isisa, kwabantu, ukuhamba, kanye nesimo isikhumba esifundeni izimila. Ngemva kwalokhu, isiguli kumelwe ibhekane ukuhlolwa laboratory ukunquma inani lama-hormone egazini. Nokho, kuwufanele ukukhumbula ukuthi leli nani kuthonywa izici eziningi, ikakhulukazi, ezifana:

• yomsebenzi omkhulu ngokomzimba;
• ukhulelwe;
• ngokuphuza imithi ethile yokwelapha;
• ukudla kanye ongaphakeme amaprotheni wokuqukethwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izintambo futhi scintigraphy, lokusho isingeniso kusho equkethe iodine enemisebe. Nokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi le ndlela ukuxilongwa is contraindicated ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kuphoqelekile ukuthi ultrasound yendlala Izigaxana, okuvumela ukucacisa inombolo futhi indawo esiqondile izimila, futhi ukuhlola isimo umzimba esimisiwe.

Lapho efeza umsebenzi ultrasound zokuxilonga kulinganiselwa yegilo isixazululo. Izinga seqembu ngalinye ubudala ziyahlukahluka. Nokho, uma ngeziphambeko ezincane, kusho ukuthi isifo asikwazi ukuba. phezulu okungavamile kungase kubonise izifo ezifana:

• goiter nodular;
• simila;
• izinqubo ukuvuvukala;
• izimila ebulalayo kungavamile ukuba ingozi.

Sokuqonda Imiphumela ultrasound zokuxilonga ihlobene kuphela udokotela, abangakwazi ukucacisa izinguquko ehlasela umzimba we indlala yegilo. Izinga node kulokhu kungase kube kwesimo ingozi noma abulalayo.

Ukuze lithole ukuthi isimila esibulalayo noma kungavamile ukuba ingozi, i-biopsy wenziwa. Kucondza zalokho izicubu amaseli ukufunda kubo ngesibonakhulu. Yonke inqubo ilawulwa uphethwe ultrasound. Ngokusho imiphumela biopsy, udokotela ekhetha ukuphathwa.

In iziguli biopsy Umhlahlandlela izimila kokuba ububanzi 5-10 mm kanye okubonisa engaqondile ukuthi Ithumba ebulalayo. Izici eziyinhloko umdlavuza ezibhekwa ezifana:

• node ukungaguquguquki obukhulu;
• ukukhula ngokushesha;
• lasakazekela kwezitho ezingomakhelwane;
• ukwephulwa wamavoti;
• khona izimpawu ultrasound.

Endabeni izinsolo umdlavuza Ihlahlubo nokwelashwa kufanele ukuqhuba oncologist. Ukuze ukuhlola ubukhulu yegilo tomography olwenziwa, okuvumela ukunquma ngokunembile nentaba yayo, isakhiwo kanye ngeso lengqondo-lymph.

Ukuqhuba ekwelapheni nodular

Uma isiguli sekutholakele ukuthi sine- imfundo nodal we Lobe kwesokunxele indlala yegilo, ukwelashwa kufanele kube eziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nendlela ekhethiwe ukwelashwa kuye yinkimbinkimbi isifo. Ukuzilapha akwamukeleki, ngoba lokho kungase kuvuse nemiphumela enqala kanye nezinkinga, yingakho zonke izidakamizwa kufanele libekwe kuphela emva kokuxilongwa endocrinology.

node Benign kuphephe ngokuphelele, futhi ngokuvamile akulimazi kakhulu emzimbeni. Ukwelashwa kulokhu Kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa amalungiselelo okwelapha kanye imithi yendabuko. neoplasm Ebulalayo ukubandakanya ngempela ukuhlinzwa, njengoba ngokushesha ezikhulayo, metastases ukuthuthela kwezinye izitho, futhi lingaholela ekufeni isiguli.

Uma engeyokuqala e indlala yegilo uvele goiter Colloid, ukwelashwa hhayi eyenziwa, kanti isiguli kuboniswa liqashelwe, kanti uma kukhona ukuthambekela ukukhula izimila, ngaleso sikhathi udokotela ukhetha indlela yokwelapha.

ukwelashwa kuhloswe nokucindezela hormone. Ephambi kwezinduna goiter ngokukhukhumala kwentamo ukusebenzisa amalungiselelo medicated yakhelwe ukuqeda iodine ukuntula emzimbeni. Kulokhu, odokotela bavame ukunquma "Jodomarin" ngoba imithi emihle kakhulu yesimanje.

Uma isiguli kutholakala yegilo abulalayo Izigaxana, ukwelashwa wenziwa kuphela ukuhlinzwa. Ukusebenza Kuye ngezinga yentuthuko isifo kungaba kwenziwe ngezindlela eziningana, okuyilezi:

• resection esinqunyiwe;
• ukususwa yegilo share onesifo;
• ukususwa ephelele indlala yegilo.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, inqubo ngokuvamile eyenziwa okunye ukwelashwa iodine enemisebe. Kuyadingeka ukuba bakwazi ukususa ngokuphelele izinsalela umdlavuza. Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, isiguli kudingeke njalo eyayenziwe ngidele ukuntuleka kwe-iodine emzimbeni.

Indlela mnene kakhulu wokusebenza yoba yokwelapha laser. Ugongolo ukukhanya, eletha laser heats kanye amangqamuzana isimila kukhona pathogenic. Khona-ke nezibazi izicubu. Lo msebenzi wenziwa kuphela uma usayizi neoplasm akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-4 cm.

Ukuvimbela yegilo Izigaxana

Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ne indlala yegilo, kuba isiqiniseko ukuba afeze izinyathelo ezithile ukukhalima, okuyilezi:

• kudle ukudla okunothe iodine;
• nakani ngokwanele kuze lala okusele;
• ukuzigcina ematasa;
• ukulawula izinga lama-hormone;
• ibhekane nokuhlolwa odokotela gqwa.

Akuvunyelwe ukwenza amalungiselelo abo equkethe iodine, ngaphandle udokotela aphoyintimenti, njengoba kungase kumkhathaze zibe nemiphumela engemihle.

imikhuba Ukondla nokulandela isimiso esinzima sokudla

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa yegilo Izigaxana kufanele kuhlanganiswe ngendlela enempilo futhi abagcina uhlobo olukhethekile lokudla. Okubaluleke kakhulu, nsuku zonke umzimba uthola imali eyanele iodine. Ukudla nsuku zonke kufanele zibe khona:

• kwasolwandle;
• zasolwandle;
• kiwi;
• amaqanda;
• rye isinkwa.

usawoti Iodized ingasetshenziswa zokupheka. Kubalulekile futhi ukuhlanza umzimba ubuthi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, udinga ukudla okusanhlamvu, ubhontshisi, beet, apula, ijusi fresh, ukuphuza amanzi amaningi. Kudingeka nokuba nomkhawulo ukusetshenziswa ukudla okungenamsoco, okunamafutha kanye nokudla okuthosiwe, esithengisa amaswidi, nezivimbelakuvunda. Ukuzincisha ukudla kungasiza bazogcwalisa umzimba nge izinto eziwusizo kanye ukuvimbela okuvela kuyo lesi sifo.

Izinkinga yendlala Izigaxana

Ukubambezeleka ekwelashweni kanye nokuntuleka ukuvimbela izifo kungase kubangele okuvela zezenzakalo ezikule ncwadi. Embusweni ngokunganaki imfundo nodal we Lobe kwesokunxele indlala yegilo, ngendlela efanayo njengoba ilungelo, zingahlanganiswa a goiter multi-engeyokuqala.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, isimila ingozi ungaguqula ku ebulalayo, futhi ukwelashwa kwayo kudingeka ahlinzwe futhi siqhuba nokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi. Uma ungenalo lokufeza ukwelashwa ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, kungaholela kokufa nesineke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Izigaxana kungaholela:

• ukuphazamiseka izinqubo umzimba emzimbeni;
• ukugwinya;
• ngu displacement we eziyimpumelelo ezinzwa;
• yokungawutholi umoya.

Ngaphandle ukunakekelwa ngezokwelashwa ngesikhathi esifanele umuntu engakwazi ukuba ubhekane nezingcindezi isifo ekhona, yingakho lapho kuqubuka zokugula ngempela kudingeka afune usizo lukadokotela.