The Old umbhali Russian Daniil Zatochnik: Biography, imisebenzi

Daniil Zatochnik - Umlobi wenye imisebenzi edume kakhulu izincwadi zasendulo. Umsebenzi wakhe isihloko kukhulunywe kangaka kwesayensi, likhona lwemfundvo eminyangweni umlando. Isizathu salokhu sengqondo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe - kuba lesikhumbuzo bhá inkathi, sibonakalisa umbono ka kummeleli kwezakhi phakathi umphakathi.

Umlandvomphilo ezimfushane

Daniil Zatochnik, ogama biography cishe ezingaziwa, cishe babevela abantu ngandlela-thile ukuthi sasihlobene inkonzo kwesikhulu. Okungenani, ngakho uthi iningi lezazi-mlando. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi wayengumuntu ingcweti ngesikhathi umsebenzi wakhe, kodwa ochwepheshe abaningi namanje bukhomba yokuthi kwakuthandeka nethimba kwesikhulu, ngoba ngemisebenzi yakhe yena abembulele ulwazi mayelana nendlela izinto zase zihamba ngaso ababusi.

Ngo isayensi, waveza umbono wokuthi mhlawumbe ilungu squads junior, abanye ukuthi wayeyilungu umeluleki isikhulu (le Duma amagama asetshenzisiwe lasendulo). Kodwa ngokuchichima lulwimi lolukhulunywako, abantu aphorisms, izaga emibhalweni yakhe kufakazela ukuthi kwakuthandeka emphakathini kazwelonke. Mlando Iningi uyavuma ukuthi wayengumuntu bomdabu kwedolobha Pereyaslavl. Imisebenzi yakhe okubhekisela emhlabathini we-umbusi womuzi. Ngemva kwalokho, yena wadingiswa, waboshwa, noma ngokuzithandela azithathele zomsebenzi ophoqelelwe Lache-the-Lake (Olonets esifundeni). Kokunye yezindaba zemihla ngemihla it is Wangichazela ukuthi lena indawo ayephila kuzo. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi Daniil Zatochnik okwakudliwa ekhulwini le-12, kodwa ezinye zihlanganisa iminyaka yokuhamba kwakhe ukuze ngekhulu le-13.

Izici imisebenzi

Lo muntu ukhunjulwa yimibhalo yakhe, dating, okuqukethwe okuyinto namanje impikiswano phakathi ochwepheshe. Abacwaningi akakwazi ukunquma ukuthi lesikhumbuzo ezimbili esekhona kabani ubuqambi isibaluli kuye, ngokubhala eyodwa, kodwa izinhlelo ezahlukene, futhi kusenzima imisebenzi ehlukene okuqondene nabantu abahlukene. "Umthandazo" Daniila Zatochnika - lokhu kuphikisa isikhulu, lapho ekhononda ngokuphathwa ngokungenabulungisa isiphetho kwamehlela wabalisa lweshwa lakhe wambuza umbusi wabo ukumsiza ukubabulala enkingeni, njengoba akubeka. Isici nobuntu lesikhumbuzo - wukuthi kwaba kuqala ngokucacile umqondo kwizidingo kanye nezifiso yezikhulu phakathi. Okungenani, yilokho ososayensi elichaza mithombo. "Igama" Daniyeli Zatochnik kombhalo eduze wathi umthombo, ngakho basuke Ibhekwa njengento iyonke. Nokho, kunzima ukuchaza izinsuku iyiqoqo misebenzi.

Inani izincwadi

Lezi imisebenzi athandwa kakhulu eRussia: bona kwakulingana, engeza bese ngokusobala waqonda njengoba umthombo wokuhlakanipha okusebenzayo. Lezi kwezakhi ehlukahlukene izingqimba kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi iyini ikhodi umthombo le ngcaphuno, futhi okwamanje mlando ngokuvamile kabusha lezi izikhumbuzo ngefomu koqobo. "Umthandazo" Daniila Zatochnika okungukuthi, ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, lesikhumbuzo imicabango ezithakazelisayo odumileyo lesibonwa ukuthi kamuva ukuthonywa ukuthuthukiswa ukwazi komphakathi. Lokhu isimo uchaza lokhu nentshisekelo lesikhumbuzo, ngoba uhlobo bubhalwe izithakazelo kanye nezifiso omunye amakilasi main eRussia lasendulo.

ulimi

Sekuyisikhathi eside lelandzisako isitayela kwaba isihloko ezithakazelisayo-mlando eziningi njengoba ubonisa uhla izithakazelo lembhali. Kukhona icaphuna imiBhalo Engcwele kanye nezinye izincwadi owaziwa kulezi imisebenzi. Daniil Zatochnik kubonakala indoda abafunde kakhulu futhi kahle ukufunda. Yena ngokwakhe wavuma ukuthi uthande ukufunda, lokho uthola induduzo yayo. Ngo umkhiqizo kukhona izingcaphuno eminye imisebenzi. Lokhu kukhombisa erudition ezinkulu kanye erudition lembhali. Nokho, ukukhumbula izaga eziningi futhi aphorisms, lapho umbhali ubiza Ukuhlakanipha kwezwe. Okuqukethwe "Ukunxusa" Daniila Zatochnika Kuyathakazelisa ngomqondo kubonisa ukuthi umbono obanzi umlobi.

Inhlanganisela izingcaphuno incwadi namazwi ethandwa ukufakazela ukuthi umlobi kuyinto ulwazi omuhle kakhulu isitayela tetemibhalo, ngoba, kusobala, leqembu abafundile zabantu. Waphinde wabhekisela kanye ecaphuna izindima "Izbornik" - umsebenzi ukuthi yalotshwa 1073. Umsebenzi wobuciko kusuka iphuzu lucebe umbono futhi kakhulu kakhulu: it ihlanganisa ukuthandaza, isicelo, isicelo masinyane, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo iqukethe ukubhinqa, ukuhlaselwa pheshana, izimfundiso, imizekeliso.

inkinga abamukeli

Isayensi is hhayi ixazululwe umbuzo ukuthi ngubani ziqondiswe indaba yakhe Daniil Zatochnik. Kukholakala ukuthi inguqulo yokuqala ebhekiswe indodana yakhe uVladimir Monomakh, Yaroslav, kodwa ososayensi abaningi baphikisana ngale nguqulo, bekholelwa ukuthi lalilapho wathunyelwa Yuriyu Dolgorukomu nomfowabo Andrey Dobrov. Isihlobo ukuze uhlelo lwesibili azikho yilokhu kungefani. abalobi abaningi bazi ukuthi isigijimi Kwakushiwo isikhulu, owayebusa Pereyaslavl.

umongo zomlando

Ukukhuluma kungenzeka ukunqoba AmaTatar bezwe Russian kusikisela ukuthi umsebenzi yabhalwa ngekhulu le-13, ngalesiya sikhathi lapho kwaba khona usongo wangempela amaMongol ahlasele. Daniil Zatochnik, omisebenzi yakhe ibonisa amaqiniso kwenkathi, inkantolo embhalweni, usikhumbula kahle asabela ngayo nezehlakalo ezenzeka kubo nxazonke, futhi naphezu kokuboshwa, kwaba kahle unolwazi, oqaphelayo, okuyinto kukhulisa inani umthombo. Kuleyo ncwadi umlobi ucela isikhulu uyibuyisele zokusebenza njengomsebenzi umeluleki. Nokho, umlobi, futhi uthi ngaye ithoni wokwedelela, nokho, ngempela ngokusobala uyazi ukubaluleka kolwazi lwabo. Lisikisela, ngaphezu kwalokho, isibalo sezikhungo amakhono nokukhiqiza kwezomnotho kubantu abafundile ukuthi eminyaka 12-13, indima yezikhulu ngaphansi Prince anda.

"Umthandazo" Daniila Zatochnika, ukuhlaziya ivumela zazo ukuba uqonde kangcono ukuthi isakhiwo somphakathi wasendulo, kuyinto lesikhumbuzo olugqamile isikhathi wafunda, ngenxa yokuthi umbhali yayibonisa amaqiniso ngokuhlelwa komphakathi wasendulo Russia 12-13 eminyaka. On osekelwe kuyo abafundi kungenziwa bahlulelwe isigaba emelelwa bangaphambi amaMongol ahlasele. Encwadini yakhe ethi kukhona incazelo ekuphathweni kwesikhulu (umlobi ukhuluma ngani Tiuna, kwesikhulu ukulawula umnotho), ngokuhlelwa komphakathi (umlobi ukhuluma ryadovichah), futhi kukhona olunye ulwazi mayelana nokuphathwa grand (kukhona Ukhulumé Manor futhi umbusi egcekeni). Konke lokhu kungenxa imidwebo ekhululekile Basendulo ukuphila Russian ekhulwini okukhulunywa. Ukudala "Womthandazo" Daniila Zatochnika - kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu hhayi kuphela encwadini yezindaba zemihla ngemihla lasendulo, kodwa futhi kwezincwadi kazwelonke ngokuvamile. Ngenxa lesikhumbuzo isikhulumi naye umkhulumeli izithakazelo yezikhulu.

Isilinganiso imisebenzi emibili

Sishilo kakade ukuthi isayensi ilokhu ingaxazululiwe umbuzo yalezi ezikhumbuzo ezimbili ezihlobene kanjani. Ngo isayensi, kukhona umbono ukuthi ukhetho lwesibili (okusho ukuthi "Womthandazo") kucace kakhulu futhi zomlando, nokuthi kungaba ucishe ulandele isiphetho umlobi. Ngokomongo, wabhekana Ukuthotshiswa boyars noma kunoma imiphi kuyo, kuye. Ngokusobala, wayesemsebenzini ubumpofu futhi engalingani zomthetho ngakho-ke sifuna lokuvikela nokusekela kokwesikhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-samuntu yesibili ziboniswa eziningana amaqiniso angokomlando, kuyilapho inketho sokuqala generalized ngaphezulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho abizwe ngokuthi "uLizwi." Ngo izincwadi zasendulo, lokhu kusho uhlobo, okuyinto Kusolwa i-agumenti nganoma isiphi isihloko ukuze akholise interlocutor.

ithonya ubudala

Umbhali udumo omunye umsebenzi - ". Tale of the Ingxenye yesakhiwo sasemandulo ayasala bezwe Russian" Nokho, lo mbono is hhayi ukuqinisekisile izincwadi. Lo msebenzi yalotshwa ngemva kokubhujiswa amazwe Russian we amaMongol AmaTatar. Ezinye izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi umlobi waleli umsebenzi kwaba umbhali South Russian. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo, kanye nemisebenzi Daniila Zatochnika kufanele kubhekwe ku umongo izincwadi Old Russian, okuyinto kule nkathi ngokucace kakhulu asabela ngayo nezehlakalo ezenzeka emhlabeni kubo. abalobi yabo hhayi kuphela Wachaza izenzakalo kwenzekani nxazonke zabo, kodwa wabonisa isimo sabo maqondana nabo, wanika ukuhlolwa kwabo kwezinye izigameko, ziba abantu besikhathi. Esinye sezibonelo kunazo yesiteleka - ukubhala "Tale of the Ingxenye yesakhiwo sasemandulo ayasala bezwe Russian", yabhalwa ngekhulu le-13, lapho wazwakalisa ukulilela uyincithakalo izifunda Russian namadolobha.