Taynitskaya koMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele: ngonyaka ka ukwakhiwa nezithombe

Sekuyisikhathi eside eMoscow ezibiyele kwaba uphawu neyaziwayo we wekuba sive Russian. Le nqaba lasendulo phezu loMfula eMoscow, bafakwa encwadini okubhalwa World Cultural Heritage by UNESCO. I ezibiyele akuyona ungakujabulisi imibhoshongo, ngamunye okuyinto emfanele indaba ehlukile. Kodwa zama ukubheka yokuthi limelela Taynitskaya eyodwa kuphela koMbhoshongo eMoscow Kremlin. Ngo what century yayakhiwe futhi yiziphi izici zayo yalo yayenziwe?

Moscow itshe elimhlophe

Eyokuqala itshe inqaba loMfula eMoscow uvele Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu weshumi nane, lapho Grand Duke Dmitry Donskoy. It yakhiwa ngamatshe amhlophe, okuyinto emenza e emakhulwini eminyaka alandela ngokuthi eMoscow itshe elimhlophe. Futhi njengoba injalo manje eMoscow ezibiyele kancane kancane waqala ukuthola ngasekupheleni kwekhulu nanhlanu, lapho umbusi waseRussia u-Ivan III waqala umuzi ovuselelwe emikhulu izindonga pre-ekhona. Babefanele kuhle agugile akazange zivumelana isimo kanye nezinjongo ukuzuza amandla isimo Russian. Taynitskaya eMoscow ezibiyele umbhoshongo wayengumuntu wokuqala amabili ukuthi linqobe namuhla phezu izindonga lasendulo.

On Iqonde eningizimu

Zonke izinqaba emhlabeni igxile ngakuphi usongo. Kulo mongo, ke iyathinteka futhi Taynitskaya koMbhoshongo eMoscow Kremlin. On imingcele oseningizimu isimo Russian yayisekelwe kosongo amaMongol-Tatar abanqobi futhi abayimizulane. Ngo emashumini ambalwa ngaphambi kokuqala eyakhelwe Taynitskaya koMbhoshongo ezibiyele, inhloko-dolobha isimo Russian uhlaselwe amaviyo ka Khan Tokhtamysh. Le nzalo uGenghis Khan, nganqoba, wabhubhisa eMoscow, Kwathi kusukela eningizimu. Ngakho-ke, i-Muscovites akangabazanga isidingo ukwakhiwa izikhundla ukuzivikela alwisane nokusongelwa kusukela eningizimu. Futhi Taynitskaya koMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele, engu-okuyinto kukalwa kusukela enkathini wokubusa Tsar Ivan III, waba ngowokuqala uchungechunge yabo. Ngokusho imithetho isu abezempi, ku umzamo oyinhloko ingxenye isitha ezingaba khona.

Kanjani ukwakha ezibiyele

Taynitskaya koMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele, usuku ukwakhiwa zazo, ngokuvumelana umlando, okhethwe 1485 ngonyaka, lakhiwa njengengxenye odongeni inqaba elibheke bebheke Zamoskvorechye. Umqondisi and umklami kokwakhiwa uMbusi u-Ivan IV iye yamisa fortifier abanekhono Italy. I-Russian izincwadi zomlando, it is eyabizwa ngokuthi u-Anton Fryazin. New ezibiyele Yakhiwa ngezigaba, nezivikelo ubudala kwekhulu weshumi nane, sithathelwe indawo abasha. Eyokuqala ekwakheni izinhlelo ke udonga eningizimu le nqaba, njengoba ebaluleke kakhulu bevikela umuzi. Futhi Taynitskaya koMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele wawusegunjini ngokuqinile ku phakathi yayo. It luqoqwe ngokugcwele zonke izidingo uthango ngesikhathi sako. Ngaphakathi kuwo wawusegunjini kahle endaweni yokucasha ekhethekile - futhi leli qiniso bametha igama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, egumbini kwakuyimfihlo okwaphela ukufinyelela komhlaba kuya UMfula iMoscow. Tower possessed esangweni futhi abakhwabanisi strelnitsa nge indlela ephakamisa.

izici Architectural nemininingwane zomlando

Taynitskaya koMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele kuyinto okukhulu ezahlukene kanye banganhlanhlatsi amafomu abo yezakhiwo. It has konke okudingayo ukuze enze imisebenzi izinqaba, futhi akukho engadingekile. Kuvela elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo wukuthi lokhu isakhiwo lokuqala eMoscow ezibiyele, lapho umklami Italian baqashwe njengoba primary yokwakha ashile obomvu izitini. Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu nesikhombisa ku isihlanganisi engenhla umbhoshongo lamiswao canopied ezine emaceleni e isitayela Russian. Phakathi nale nkathi, umbhoshongo eyayibulala iwashi futhi isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi isignali. umsebenzi wakhe izingqapheli ababenakho ukubiza e insimbi i-alamu ngo emehlweni imililo ekhonza khona njengamanje. Ukuze lokhuni eMoscow jikelele umlilo alamu kwakubaluleke kakhulu. Taynitskaya umbhoshongo lwabhidlika ngamabhomu e 1812, ngesikhathi ukubaleka ebuthweni eMoscow sikaNapoleon. Kodwana ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, sase siphendukile.

ukuhlelwa kabusha okwalandela

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-zonke indaba zayo ezingaphezu kwezinhlanu-engamakhulu Taynitskaya koMbhoshongo eMoscow ezibiyele akukaze isetshenzisiwe inhloso yazo. Ayikho-ke akusho ziyazika akudingekanga ukuba bacibishele isitha kusuka imibhoshongo. Futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba walahlekelwa izinqaba ukubaluleka kwalo, kwakukhona izinguquko ukubukeka kwakhe. Kwatywinwa ishumi amasango, egcwele ukudlula komhlaba kuze kufike emfuleni wavala kahle imfihlo. Taynitskaya Tower atholwe isimo lesikhumbuzo zamasiko nezomlando kanye ukhonza njengomdala umhlobiso we Sofia yashayisa unqenqema we UMfula iMoscow.