Stirling injini - isimiso ukusebenza. I aphansi-lokushisa Stirling injini (isithombe)

Stirling injini, isimiso okuyinto qualitatively ezahlukene kusukela evamile zonke yangaphakathi omlilo engine, kanye kwaba wokugcina ukuncintisana. Nokho, esikhathini esithile ukhohlwe ngakho. Njengoba lokhu motor isetshenziswa namuhla, yini isimiso ukusebenza kwawo (esihlokweni lungatholwa motor Stirling imidwebo ebonisa umsebenzi wakhe), futhi yini ikusasa ukuze zisetshenziswe esikhathini esizayo, bheka ngezansi.

indaba

Ngo 1816, Robert Stirling eScotland yomthetho ukushisa injini, okuthiwa namuhla behlonipha umsunguli walo. Eyokuqala hot air izinjini yasungulwa phambi kwakhe. Kodwa Stirling ukungezwa vacuum kudivayisi ukuthi izincwadi yezobuchwepheshe ibizwa ngokuthi regenerator noma umzimba ukushisa. Siyabonga kuye, lenyuka injini ukusebenza ngenkathi ebambe iyunithi ukushisa.

Engine wavuma isikhathi eside kakhulu umusi injini itholakala ngesikhathi, ngoba akalokothi yamila. Phambi kwakhe, nezinye izinjini inkinga enjalo kwenzeka kaningi. Naphezu impumelelo zangaphambili, ngokukholeka, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, kusukela ekuthuthukisweni yayo kunqatshiwe, njengoba sesiye kancane engabizi ngokuziqhathanisa abasafufusa ke ezinye izinjini omlilo yangaphakathi kanye motors kagesi. Nokho, Stirling wayesalokhu elisetshenziswa kwezinye izimboni.

Kwangaphandle omlilo injini

Umgomo we operation ye zonke izinjini ukushisa ukuthi samabutho amakhulu mechanical kunokuhlala kokucindezelwa abandayo esimweni enwetshiwe zikaphethiloli ezidingekayo. Ukuze zibonise lokhu nakho kungaba kwenziwe izimbiza ezimbili ezigcwele amanzi abandayo kanye ashisayo kanye ibhodlela. Lesi sakamuva wasigcobhoza ngamanzi abandayo, plug tube, wabe esethunyelwa a hot. Lapho igesi egabheni iqala ukwenza umsebenzi mechanical ejects ipulaki. Okokuqala zangaphandle amandla omlilo engine okusekelwe inqubo ngokuphelele. Nokho, kamuva umsunguli aqaphela ukuthi ukushisa ingasetshenziswa for bafudumale. Ngakho, ukusebenza liye landa kakhulu. Kodwa ngisho nalokhu akuzange kusho ukusiza injini zande.

Kamuva Erickson, unjiniyela evela eSweden, ngcono umnikelo design selehlile negesi evuthayo ngomfutho njalo esikhundleni ivolumu. Ngenxa yalokho, eziningi amakhophi waqala usetshenziselwe nomsebenzi ezimayini, emikhunjini bese wokunyathelisa. Kodwa amatilosi, bona bekhuluphele kakhulu.

Kwangaphandle amandla omlilo Imishini kusuka Philips

Lezi motors kukhona ezinye zezinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• umusi;
• the ophephela umusi;
• Stirling.

Uhlobo yokugcina akazange ukuthuthukisa ngenxa nokwethenjelwa ongaphakeme nabanye akuzona amazinga aphakeme kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo amayunithi yavela. Nokho, ngo-1938, Philips uye waqhubeka nomsebenzi. Izinjini sezikujwayele ukushayela ugesi ezindaweni neelektrofitsirovannyh. Ngo-1945, onjiniyela yenkampani wabafumana kungenjalo sebenzisa: uma kushaft spin i motor ngogesi, Ukupholisa ngomoya ikhanda isilinda kuziwa kushiywa munye namashumi ayisishiyagalolunye degrees Celsius. Khona-ke kwanqunywa ukuba kusetshenziswe ifriji izinhlelo ngcono Stirling injini.

Umgomo we operation

Isenzo motor usebenza ku imijikelezo thermodynamic, lapho kwenzeka ngesikhathi obuhlukahlukene lokushisa kokucindezelwa nokudlondlobala. Kanjalo ukusebenza uketshezi ukugeleza mthethonqubo ezalethwa obuhlukahlukene ivolumu (noma ingcindezi - kuye ngokuthi model). Lesi isimiso kweningi yale mishini, okungase zinemisebenzi eyahlukene zibuye kanye nomklamo izikimu. Izinjini kungenzeka reciprocating noma wohlobo lwe-rotary. Imishini kanye amayunithi abo usebenze njengoba ukushisa amaphampu, Coolers, ingcindezi ugesi kanye nokunye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona levulekile umjikelezo izinjini, lapho ukugeleza isiqondiso yaqaphela ngokusebenzisa valve. Ukuthi babizwa izinjini Erickson, ngaphandle igama ovamile igama Stirling. I-ICE umsebenzi ewusizo wenziwa emva pre-ukugxisha emoyeni nophethiloli umjovo, amalahle ingxube wafakwa exutshwe omlilo nokudlondlobala.

I Stirling injini zokusebenza isimiso kuyafana: ashisa ongaphakeme onomfutho, futhi ngezinye okusezingeni eliphezulu - ukunwetshwa. Nokho, Ukushisa ezahlukene Kwenziwa: yokushisa enikeziwe kusuka ngaphandle ogangeni isilinda. Ngakho, ubizwa ngokuthi sangaphandle amandla omlilo engine. Stirling wasebenzisa gqwa lokushisa washintsha ngokusungulwa piston ukufuduka. Igalaji lokugcina ihamba komunye isilinda ekamelweni kuya kwenye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, njalo lokushisa ongaphakeme, futhi ngakolunye - okusezingeni eliphezulu. Lapho lokuhambisa piston phezulu igesi usuka ashisayo ngaphakathi komgodi abandayo futhi phansi - emuva zingene ashisayo. igesi Okokuqala unikeza omningi ukushisa imbala, bese kusuka heater uthola okuningi njengoba waze wanikela. Phakathi heater kanye regenerator esiqandisini elise - umgodi egcwele material okuyinto igesi ikhiqiza ukushisa. Esikhathini reverse ukugeleza regenerator ubuyela.

Propellant uhlelo ixhunyiwe nge piston ukugxisha igesi emakhazeni futhi sivumele ukuba ukwandisa kule ukushisa. Ngu kokucindezelwa ezingeni lokushisa aphansi umsebenzi ewusizo. Lonke uhlelo siphela imijikelezo emine ne ezinyakazayo ngakanye. ngaleyo ndlela Crank indlela kuqinisekisa phambili. Ngakho-ke, imingcele abukhali phakathi izigaba zomjikelezo is hhayi waphawula kanye Stirling injini kahle akusho yehle.

Uma ucabangela okungenhla, isiphetho ukuthi injini kuyinto injini piston nge sangaphandle ukushisa ukuthengisela, lapho uketshezi ukusebenza akabashiyi isikhala ebiyelwe futhi hhayi indawo. Stirling injini imidwebo zikubonisa kahle idivayisi iphinde lokusebenza yayo isimiso.

imininingwane umsebenzi

Sun, ugesi, amandla enuzi noma yimuphi omunye umthombo ukushisa angakunikeza amandla phakathi Stirling injini. Umgomo we operation lomzimba wakhe ungaphakathi ukusetshenziswa helium, i-hydrogen, noma emoyeni. Perfect umjikelezo ezishisayo has esiphezulu ukusebenza kahle okungenzeka kusukela kwabaneminyaka engamashumi amathathu kuya amane amaphesenti. Kepha ngesikhukhula esiphuphumayo regenerator ngempumelelo bangasebenza kanye nekghono ephakeme. Dor, Ukushisa kanye nokupholisa ukushisa ukunikeza eyakhelwe, ngaphandle amafutha ukusebenza. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi injini Lubrication kudingeka izinto ezimbalwa kakhulu. Ingcindezi ngokwesilinganiso isilinda ngokuvamile kusuka 10 kuya 20 MPA. Ngakho-ke, kudinga enhle kakhulu kubekwa uphawu uhlelo kanye nokwenzeka uwoyela engena ekamelweni ukusebenza.

izici Comparative

Iningi abasebenzi namuhla izinjini yalolu hlobo usebenzisa uphethiloli ketshezi. Ngakho ingcindezi eqhubekayo elawulwa kalula, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe kwekhabhoni. Ukungabikho valve inikeza operation ethule. Amandla mass injini ufana turbocharging, amandla ethize atholakala e-okukhipha uyalingana Inkomba udizili iyunithi. Ijubane ne torque bazimele abekho nomunye.

Izindleko zokukhiqiza injini kunalelo yangaphakathi omlilo engine. Kodwa kuvela izinga reverse ekusebenzeni.

izinzuzo

Noma yimuphi model of the Stirling injini kunezinzuzo eziningi:

• Ukuphumelela ngesikhathi design zanamuhla lingafika amaphesenti ayisikhombisa.
• Ngo injini babe okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuthungela uhlelo, camshaft kanye valve. Akukona okudingeka ilungiswe phakathi nayo yonke inkathi wokusebenza.
• Stirling akanawo ukuqhuma kule yangaphakathi omlilo engine, okuyinto umthwalo osindayo phezu crankshaft, amabombo kanye izinduku yokuxhuma.
• Njengoba abanayo ukuthi umphumela, ethi "injini okulahlekile."
• Ngenxa alula idivayisi kungenziwa eziqhutshwa isikhathi eside.
• It ingaqalisa ku womtholo, enuzi kanye nanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwe nophethiloli.
• Amandla omlilo senzeka ngaphandle kwe-motor.

amaphutha

• Ububi main of the design ukusetshenziswa yayo materials.
• Uketshezi ukusebenza ukuba selehlile, ngenxa lokho Ubukhulu kuthiwa kakhulu lenyuka.
• Ukuze ICE ezinezici alinganayo kudingekile ukusebenzisa umfutho ophakeme.
• Ngokusebenza ukushisa umzimba ihlinzekwa ngokusebenzisa odongeni umzimba ukushisa, lapho elinganiselwe conductivity ezishisayo.
• Ukushintsha amandla injini, ukushintsha ivolumu ethangini sesikhashana, ingcindezi isilinganiso uketshezi ukusebenza, i-engeli isigaba phakathi displacer futhi piston.

isicelo

Okwamanje, Stirling injini generator esetshenziswa emikhakheni eminingi. Kuyinto umthombo enemisebenzi amandla kagesi amafriji, amaphampu, ngwenya bese izitshalo amandla elanga. Kuyinto ngokusebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene fuel kukhona kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwayo abantu abaningi.

nokuzalwa kabusha

Lezi izinjini futhi eqala ukukhuluphala sibonga Philips. Phakathi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili uye yasayina isivumelwano General Motors. Ubaholele ukuthuthukiswa Stirling ukusetshenziswa emkhathini kanye namadivayisi kwamanzi, imikhumbi kanye nezimoto. Ngemva kwabo nezinye inkampani kusuka Sweden, United Stirling, yazihlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa yabo, kuhlanganise nokusetshenziswa kungenzeka e izimoto ezithwala.

Namuhla komugqa Stirling injini isetshenziswa ku Subsea ukufaka, cosmic namadivayisi welanga. Sinesithakazelo esikhulu ke kubangelwa ngenxa ukuhlobana izimpikiswano nokuwohloka kwemvelo, kanye nokulawula umsindo. Ngo eCanada nase-United States, Germany neFrance, futhi Japan aphansi phezulu afuna ukuthuthukisa nokwenza ngcono ukusetshenziswa kwaso.

Ngokuzayo

izinzuzo ezisobala elinendawo piston futhi injini rotary we Stirling owakhiwa ukuphila isikhathi eside, ukusetshenziswa zokubasa ezahlukene, umsindo ongaphakeme futhi ubuthi ongaphakeme, kwenza kube ethembisa kakhulu yangaphakathi omlilo engine for ngemuva. Nokho, unikezwa iqiniso lokuthi yangaphakathi omlilo injini ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthuthukisa, ke akufanele kuthathwe kalula. Noma kunjalo, lokhu injini namuhla usesikhundleni okuholela, futhi bayithatha njengoba esikhathini esizayo esiseduze Akahlosile.