Ukuze wonke umhlaba "ikhadi ukushaya" edume kakhulu Russia iyona ezibiyele, Red Square noSt Vasiliya Blazhennogo eMoscow. Lesi sakamuva has futhi amanye amagama, ethandwa kakhulu okuyinto Cathedral of the intercession phezu Moat.
Uhlolojikelele
Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo yayigubha iminyaka engu 450th of 02.07.2011 Lesi sakhiwo esiyingqayizivele lamiswao Red Square. Amazing ngobuhle nethempeli lalo simele amasonto eziyinkimbinkimbi elihlanganiswe isizinda abavamile. Ngisho nalezo ezingazi lutho mayelana nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu Russia, bazokubona iSonto Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Leli thempeli inesimiso esiyingqayizivele - konke domes alo amibalabala zihlukile komunye nomunye.
In the main (intercession) yesonto iyona iconostasis, okuyinto washukumiseleka kusukela libhujiswa ngo-1770 i-Kremlin Church of Chernigov isimangaliso abasebenzi. Esikhathini engaphansi Church of the lokulabhela UnguNina KaNkulunkulu kukhona izithonjana ebaluleke kunayo Cathedral, endala kakhulu wabo - isithonjana Vasiliya Blazhennogo (XVI leminyaka.), Ibhalwe ngqo kulelibandla. Ngokushesha obala imifanekiso kwekhulu XVII:. Our Lady of the Ngena kanye lokulabhela laseTheotokos. Kwamakhophi okuqala isithombe, elise ohlangothini olusempumalanga olungaphambili lwesonto, abakhiphe ebandleni.
History of the ukubukeka ethempelini
St Vasiliya Blazhennogo, umlando ukwakhiwa zazo usezuze eziningana izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane, ezakhiwe nenkosi yokuqala yakwa-Russia Ivana Groznogo. It sanikezelwa isenzakalo esibaluleke - okungukuthi, wanqoba Kazan Khanate. Ngeshwa-mlando, abaklami amagama wadala Kulokhu ongenakuqhathaniswa, hhayi ngasinda. Kukhona izinguqulo eziningi ngokuthi ubani wasebenza phezu kokwakhiwa kwethempeli, kodwa kakhulu baye hhayi kusungulwa owadala St Vasiliya Blazhennogo. IMoscow yayingenye umuzi omkhulu eRussia, ngakho inkosi babuthana enhloko-dolobha eenkhulwini engcono. Ngokwenkolelo omunye kwaba umakhi main of the Pskov Postnik Yakovlev ngelika Barma. Enye inguqulo iyaphikisana ngokuphelele lesi. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uweta wotshwala enkantini kanye olusheshayo - amakhosi ezahlukene. kuphakama ukudideka nakakhulu kusukela version lwesithathu, othi St Vasiliya Blazhennogo eMoscow lakhiwa wezakhiwo Italy. Kodwa nganekwane ethandwa kakhulu ngalokhu ethempelini nguye okubhekisele yobulukhuni abaklami owadala Kulokhu, ukuze bakwazi asiphindi indalo yakhe.
Umsuka kwegama
Ngokumangalisayo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi main ibandla labaseTheselonika ithempeli libusiswe eNcasakazini oNgcwele, emhlabeni kunjengoba St Vasiliya Blazhennogo ezaziwayo. Moscow bekulokhu eziningi weziwula (wabusisa "abantu bakaNkulunkulu"), kodwa igama omunye wabo kulotshwe phakade emlandweni Russia. Mad Basil wahlala emgwaqweni ngisho ebusika waya shirtless. Kulokhu bonke umzimba wakhe festooned amaketanga ababe yensimbi amaketanga nge abalekele emikhulu. Lo muntu uhlonishwa kakhulu eMoscow. Ngisho nenkosi wamphatha sikhexe uncharacteristic. Vasiliy Blazhenny ohlonishwayo sandla njengetakhamuti ngumenzi wezimangaliso. Washona ngo-1552, futhi ngo-1588 ethuneni lakhe lamiswao esontweni. Kuyinto lesi sakhiwo akuniké igama ezivamile kuleli thempeli.
St Vasiliya Blazhennogo (incazelo)
Cishe wonke umuntu evakashela eMoscow uyazi ukuthi uphawu oyinhloko eRussia Red Square. St Vasiliya Blazhennogo ingenye yezindawo isikhundla esihlonipheke kunazo zonke kulo lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi zezakhiwo kanye izikhumbuzo elise kuso. Ithempeli ethwele 10 domes omangalisayo. Emhlabeni eyinhloko (main) Church wabiza intercession symmetrically wahlela abanye abayisishiyagalombili. They akha ngesimo inkanyezi eziyisishiyagalombili olucijile. Zonke lezi amasonto zifanekisela ezibangelwa izinsuku ethatha ngamaholide enkolo Kazan Khanate.
Domes St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo futhi isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi
amasonto Eight ethwele izahluko 8 eziyizigaxa. The main (central) isakhiwo kuqedile "etendeni", ngenhla okuyinto liphuma kancane, "cupola". Dome Weshumi lakhiwa phezu umbhoshongo insimbi yesonto. Kuyini okuphawuleka ukuthi zonke we domes ethempelini bahluke ngokuphelele nomunye ukuthungwa yabo nombala.
Modern isicwebezelisi esivimba amanzi ka ibandla elakhiwa phezu kwalo kwisayithi ye belfry elidala, elivele liphume ngokuphelele laphinde labhidlika ekhulwini XVII. It elimiswe 1680 ngesikhathi senqaba insimbi kuyinto okukhulu kwesitsha okusezingeni eliphezulu eyakha lo octagon. It has an endaweni ongaphandle ivalwe izinsika 8. Basuke bonke oxhumene nezipani arched. Amasayithi ahamba ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele okusezingeni eliphezulu etendeni octagonal, emaphethelweni awo ehlotshiswe amathayili imibala ehlukene (omhlophe, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi, onsundu). Unqenqema tile yakhe embozwe abacaphuni oluhlaza. Phezulu etendeni uyinhloko eziyizigaxa, isipikili i cross octagonal. Ngaphakathi izizathu imishayo yokhuni uhlanganyela izinsimbi, okuyinto kwaphonswa emuva XVII-XIX eminyaka.
izici ezakhiwo
Nine Vasiliya Blazhennogo Cathedral amasonto oxhumene by isisekelo ezivamile futhi igalari. sici salo umdwebo namawashi ahlekisayo, isisusa eyinhloko okuyizinto imiklamo ezimibalabala. Isitayela eziyingqayizivele ethempelini ihlanganisa isiko kokubili izakhiwo European futhi Russian Yenguquko. Isici esiphawulekayo lombhishobhi kukhona kokubili ukuvuleka arched. Ukuphakama ethempelini (ukuze Dome eliphakeme) 65 m Amagama Council of Churches :. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa, uZiqu-zintathu, Abafel 'ukholo Adrian futhi UNatalia, emnyango eJerusalema, Ioanna Milostivogo, Varlaama Hutynskogo, Aleksandra Svirskogo, uGregory Armenia, the Ukuvikelwa UnguNina KaNkulunkulu.
Esinye isici ethempelini ukuthi alinaso engaphansi. Kuyinto sinamandla kakhulu engaphansi izindonga (ukufinyelela ukushuba 3 m). Ukuphakama kwalelo nalelo izakhiwo cishe 6.5 m. Lonke nokwakhiwa kwethempeli enyakatho uhlukile inqobo torispherical egumbini engaphansi ayinakho izinsika asekelayo. Izindonga isakhiwo "Sika" okubizwa ngokuthi "izimbobo air", okuyizinto ukuvuleka emincane. Zinikeza microclimate okhethekile esontweni. Iminyaka engaphansi izakhiwo ayengenawo ayeke ukuza esontweni. Nishi-izinqolobane ziye zasetshenziswa njengoba isitoreji endlini avale umnyango, khona manje ukukhombisa kuphela ezindongeni loop. Kukholakala ukuthi ngaphambi XVI sekupheleni. bagcina umcebo wasebukhosini.
Ukuguqulwa kancane kancane Council
Kuphela ekupheleni kwekhulu XVI. phezu yethempeli basondela ikhanda abacaphuni, owathatha ophahleni yasekuqaleni, basha ngokukhanukelana, omunye umlilo. Lokhu Cathedral Orthodox kuya kweleshumi XVII. ngokuthi uZiqu-zintathu, njengoba ibandla lokuqala kakhulu lokhuni, elalisendaweni kwisayithi, yayakhiwe behlonipha zintathu Ongcwele. Ekuqaleni lesi sakhiwo wayengumJuda ukubukeka okunzima kakhulu futhi ehlakaniphile, ngoba yakhiwa ngamatshe kanye isitini. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XVII. Zonke domes abangu ehlotshiswe tile Ceramic. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, wammisa esiqongweni sethempeli engezwe ukwakhiwa quin. Kwakukhona ematendeni phezu imipheme kanye imidwebo oyinkimbinkimbi izindonga ophahleni. Esikhathini esifanayo, kwi izindonga nophahla imidwebo ebonakala ngomusa. Ngo-1931, ngaphambi kokuba ithempeli yamisa lesikhumbuzo ukuze Minin futhi Pozharsky. Kuze kube manje, i-St Vasiliya Blazhennogo kuyinto endaweni ethile ahlangene Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia futhi Historical Museum e Moscow. Lesi sakhiwo kuyinto nakumasiko yeRussia. Ubuhle futhi ubunjalo leli thempeli futhi baziswa emhlabeni wonke. St Vasiliya Blazhennogo eMoscow ezihlobene World Heritage by UNESCO.
Inani Ukuvikelwa Cathedral eU.SSR
Ngo Naphezu kokushushiswa kwamandla zaseSoviet ngokuphathelene inkolo nokubhujiswa lenqwaba amasonto, St Vasiliya Blazhennogo eMoscow ngo-1918 wafakwa wokuvikela wombuso njengoba lesikhumbuzo yamasiko ukubaluleka izwe. Kwakuthinta ngalesi sikhathi, yonke imizamo iziphathimandla ziye igxile ekwakheni Museum kuwo. Eyokuqala kwakuyincwadi ngumnakekeli Archpriest ethempelini John Kuznetsov. Nguye cishe iyodwa anakekela besakhiwo, nakuba isimo sakhe sasibucayi nje kabi. Ngo-1923, Cathedral itholakala Museum zomlando-yezakhiwo "Pokrovsky Cathedral". Kakade ngo-1928 waba omunye amagatsha State Historical Museum. Ngo-1929, naye zonke izinsimbi nokukhulekela zisusiwe bavinjelwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ithempeli iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu nabayikhulu njalo siyalungiswa, nokuchaza yayo yavalwa kanye kuphela - ngesikhathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.
Cathedral St Basil BakaJehova e-1991-2014 biennium.
Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union St Vasiliya Blazhennogo iyiswe ukusetshenziswa ahlangene Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia futhi State Historical Museum. On 15.08.1997, esontweni yaphinde yaqhubeka ngamaholide namasevisi ngeSonto. Kusukela 2011, ivulekele Izindlwana ngaphambilini nezingafinyeleleki, lapho nemibukiso entsha ahlelwe.