Sholem Aleichem: A Biography. Inhliziyo, livulekele abantu

Sholem Aleichem - ukunxusa Jewish ukuthi abantu abavamile benana emhlanganweni. "Ukuthula akube nani!" - yilokho kusho. ngegama okungelona okunjalo wacosha kumbhali abasha owabhala ngabantu abavamile ngolimi lwabo - Yiddish. Ngaphambi Sholom Aleichem - umbhali. Photo sikhombisa indoda ngamehlo Ukubhoboza kanye namahlaya okuhle ngawo watlhaga emakhasini izindaba yakhe eyathatha isikhathi esifushane, novellas and amanoveli.

ebuntwaneni

Sholom Nohumovich Rabinovich wazalwa ngo-1859 ku-emkhayeni ompofu Pereyaslavl-Ukraine. Khona-ke lo mkhaya uthuthela edolobheni Voronkovo, njengoba e-Ukraine. Ebuntwaneni ingane nge engu-13 nosingamama anobuthi. Ebusika, lapho amakhaza eshubisa umnkantsha, wayevame bahlala esigcawini eduze kwendlu, lapho kwakungavunyelwe. Manje, uma kukhulunywa naye, noma ukuphakela cab ke mfana azigcine endlini esiwugwadule, lapho kukhona amakamelo eziyingcosana imibhede yezivakashi. Khona-ke afike efudumele. Kodwa travel ebusika izivakashi ekhomba ngophakathi ezaziba kungukuthi ngokuhlala coaching endlini Nohum Rabinovich. Bakhetha ukuthumelelana ehhotela Nahume Yasnogradskogo. Zeqhwa Shalom ufuna sithole le ngcebo ukuthi ungcwatshwe endaweni ethile e Voronkove, futhi manje, emva umkhaya waya yimali, futhi bahlala Pereyaslavl. Futhi wahlala Sholom emndenini omkhulu abampofu lapho kwakuboshwe khona abafowethu nodade, izingane nosingamama. AmaJuda ohlonishwa kakhulu esikoleni, babehlale benesikhathi isimo sengqondo enenhlonipho ebhukwini. Ngakho-ke, zonke, ngisho boy ompofu waya esikoleni (for girls kubhekwa mawuthanda). I "umsebenzi" lokuqala, wabhala, kwaba uhlu iziqalekiso usingamzali ukuthi wahlela ngama-alfabethi. Lokho endlini ubheka mina nezivakashi Sholem Aleichem. Biography olusha wayezijwayele eziningi abantu welani emakhasini izincwadi zakhe. Ngemva kokuqeda esikoleni, le nsizwa waphothula ekolishi futhi befuna ukuqhubeka nemfundo yabo Zhytomyr at sikhungo futhi abe umfundisi.

nokuzula

Kodwa abasha Sholom Aleichem has ukuze baziphilise. Yena iyazula ku edolobheni elincane, umfundisi ukusebenza. Naye kungekho mkhosi. Wayevame esikhundleni ukunikela embhedeni phansi, futhi iphango lakhe Sebawoti ecasulayo ngubani glares, uyanyamalala ukudla etafuleni. Ebusuku kwenzeka ngisho ithokomele izingane ezincane. Ekugcineni Sholomu lucky. Wayeneminyaka engu-17, yaba indlu ocebile kakhulu, okuyinto efundisa nane intombazane. Konke kuhamba kahle. Kodwa, njengoba Sekukaningi echazwe izincwadi, uthisha kanye umfundi ziqala ukuzwa ezinye uthando ngamunye. Ithi uyise, ngubani kahle ababeyizazi abantu. Ngakho nithande Sholem Aleichem. Photo kubonisa uhlobo, kodwa umuntu ngeke usebenze. ngokushesha Ubaba wentombazane uneminyaka waqaphela ukuthi le nsizwa kungekho usomabhizinisi emthanjeni. Okunjalo umalokazana ngeke zisebenze. ngisho ezinhle umsizi e ngeke isebenze ngoba lokhu wemibono okukhulu. Ngakho-ke, wonke umndeni uphuma ngasese ebusuku. Ukuvuka ekuseni, Sholem Aleichem, ogama biography kungazelelwe yenza twist isipoki Akubonako ukuthi indlu yena wayeyedwa ngokuphelele. Washiya ngendlela evelele endaweni yokukhokha kanye zonke. Kuphi ufune uthando, akwaziwa.

umshado

Shalom akakabi unyaka owodwa tramping ngokusebenzisa Ukraine, ongakabi wathonyelwa run abawuthandayo ekhaya. Bashada ngokumelene izifiso labazali bayo. Futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili nomalokazana wafa, umndeni abasha e-1885 lase liwile fortune omkhulu. Isidlali ongenalwazi ngesikhathi Kiev nase-Odessa Ukuhwebelana eminyakeni emihlanu ngokushesha walahlekelwa ifa. Wayengeyena usomabhizinisi - elula Sholem Aleichem. Umlando wakhe, sengathi umbono umalokazana wakhe, hamba ezinye indlela.

ekubeni umbhali

Ngo-1888, Sholem Aleichem ku izinsalela imali yabo iqala ukwenza imisebenzi ukushicilela. Ayisanyatheliswa amaqoqo avele "Jewish Yabantu Library". Ayekufuna ithalente Jewish yonkana Russian enkulu wabathola ezitolo, ku bezicathulo emahhovisi emngcwabeni. Wakhokha imali eliphezulu kakhulu futhi yokudla ukwesekwa abalobi abadala. Waqala ukubhala ukushicilela uqobo. Out amanoveli akhe "Stepien" futhi "Iosel Nightingale." Futhi ngo-1894, uqala inoveli entsha abakhulu "Tevye le milkman" ekuphileni kwakhe. Ngakho kancane kancane ozalwa Sholem Aleichem - umlobi ongumJuda.

ezimpini Jewish

Eminyakeni 1903-1905 omkhaya komlobi waphila ukuphila ecebile Imali yokudlala eKiev. Kuyinto enkulu, it has izingane eziyisithupha. Futhi eningizimu eningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwe kuyinto wave abesabekayo ezimpini anti-Jewish. Abantu wajeziswa ngokushaya waze washona, bahlukunyezwa. abantu abangenacala ziyashaywa ngamatshe, namafosholo, izimbazo, ngokudlwengula abesifazane kanye namantombazane. Thunder amakhaya abangamaJuda, izitolo, impahla ubhujiswe, wabhubhisa esinagogeni, wabhubhisa yezincwadi ezingcwele. Futhi amaphoyisa bathulile, ngokungathi akukho lutho okwenzekayo, futhi uma usabela kancane kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi umbhali ngenkuthalo ubhala emaphamfulethi, satires futhi tindzaba letimfisha enikelwe lezi obumnandi ( "Igolide", "Shmulik" "Joseph"). Kusukela umndeni lezi umbhali horror sidlulela ngowokuqala Switzerland bese-United States. Ngakho-ke uba ngumhambuma Sholem Aleichem. Biography Leafs amakhasi amasha.

kwezilwandle

Okokuqala ngokuhlala 'izwe khulula "into ihamba kahle. It touts njengoba cindezela wamaJuda, futhi izincwadi American, ukuqhathanise Mark Twain. Kodwa ngokushesha bayeka. Akuthathi ngonyaka, sokumisa ukunyatheliswa ibhuku layo elisha "Boy Motl", futhi umbhali nomkhaya wakhe ukuphinde ngibuyele eRussia.

ezweni

Imali emkhayeni lapho, futhi umbhali uya nokufundwa yezincwadi zakhe kuleli zwe. Ngo-1908, yaphathwa isifo sofuba. Anakho edlule yokuba matasa etemibhalo 25, ubizwa sokuthandwa nokwaziswa, futhi imisebenzi yakhe cashing abamemezeli.

inhlekelele Family. AmaJuda ezweni lonke bakhulisa imali esethenga amalungelo ukushicilelwa izincwadi zakhe. Kungenzeka, futhi kuthiwa ngobulili umlobi. umbhali Sick eJarimani ukuze bayothola ukwelashwa. Njengoba elapho uthola impi yezwe. Yena nomkhaya wakhe badingiselwa eRussia. Kodwa ngenxa impi ukubuyela akunakwenzeka.

futhi Melika

Lapha uyokusebenzisa iminyaka emibili ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, benethemba lokuthola ukubuyela emakhaya futhi ukuba angcwatshwe eduze uyise eKiev. Anakho abazukulu zikhula. Bel Kaufman, owabhala "Up Down enezitezi" - umzukulu wakhe siqu, ezashiya izinkumbulo eziningi efudumele kakhokho wakhe. Ngo-1916, i-American kude nasekhaya ukuba bafe Sholem Aleichem. Biography, ukufingqa, yabhujiswa. Mangisho ukuthi uyongcwatshwa embuthanweni abantu abaningi emathuneni e-New York. Futhi izincwadi zakhe ukuphila nokufunda angenandaba esingaphansi ngesikhathi lapho zalotshelwa.