Ezalwa futhi wafa Pleshcheev. Plescheev Aleksey Nikolaevich: Biography

U-Aleksey Plescheev kwaba imbongi olukhulu Russian. Kwaziwa kahle kamhlophe izinguqulo yakhe eminingi kusukela IsiNgisi nesiFulentshi, kanye izinkondlo emangalisayo izingane. Abaningi imisebenzi lo mbhali zimisiwe umculo by Tchaikovsky futhi Rachmaninoff, futhi baye baba zithandwa kakhulu. Kodwa wazalwa nini futhi wafa Pleshcheev? Yiziphi izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo iphutha ekuphileni kwakhe? Futhi izuzwe ukuthandwa kwakhe?

Eminyakeni yokuqala nemfundo

Ngo Kostroma, Novemba 22, 1825 wazalwa Alex kancane, ababeyoba hhayi kuphela umlobi Russian futhi imbongi, kodwa futhi umhumushi owaziwa. Wazalwa emkhayeni ezihloniphekayo, ngeshwa, abampofu, futhi wayevela emkhayeni lwasendulo. Lokhokho Alexei Nikolaevich kwaba ngisho St Aleksey Moskovsky. Ngenxa yokuthi umndeni wayemiselwe ukuba abanye abalobi, lezi amasiko baye njalo ikakhulukazi liyahlonishwa.

Ngokushesha umfana elahlekile uyise, imfundo yakhe ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela nonina, Elena. Alexey wathola imfundo yekhethelo ekhaya, futhi kuphela ngaleso sikhathi, ngesikhathi ekufuna kamama, wafundisa ku unogada esikoleni amaphoyisa Petersburg. U-Aleksey Plescheev ngokushesha engasenandaba kwezempi ngo-1843 ngashiya nesikole ukuze ngifundele uqale Ukufunda izilimi zaseMpumalanga eNyuvesi Petersburg.

Hlangana nabantu ezintsha kanye izinyathelo kuqala ukudalwa

Yini esethembise umshado eminyakeni ukuqeqeshwa Aleksey Nikolaevich Plescheev? Biography imbongi kusukela leli phuzu Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso Ubuntu kakhulu. Lena Andrey Aleksandrovich Kraevsky, Petr Aleksandrovich Pletnev, Maikov, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, nabanye.

Futhi iningi izinkondlo zakhe kuqala Alexey ithumela ukusifunda Pletnev, owayengeyena kuphela Umphathi eyunivesithi, kodwa futhi umshicileli of "Contemporary". Futhi Petr Aleksandrovich ngokufudumele wakhuluma ngesimo lokusungula imfundamakhwela imbongi.

Isithakazelo emibuthanweni zezombusazwe

Ngo-1845 Alexey Pleshcheev balithanda imibono Socialists futhi wahlangana amalungu embuthanweni, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i Petrashevists. Bona babehilelekile izinkondlo nokuthuthukiswa kwalo eRussia. Alexei hhayi kuphela abamba iqhaza emihlanganweni enjalo, kodwa naye waqala ukubhala izinkondlo inkulumo-ze, futhi ngokuvamile ukuletha wesandla akuvumelekile.

Khona-ke uqala ukuba ahumushe incwadi ethi ideologue Felicite-Robert de Lamennais, lapho amalungu kumbuthano bebehlela kamuva yanyatheliswa ngo cindezela yabo ngomshoshaphansi. Ngakho Plescheev Aleksey Nikolaevich, ogama biography isibe eduze kakhulu ezihlobene ne imisebenzi kulo mbuthano zezombusazwe, wachitha iminyaka yakhe yokutadisha eyunivesithi.

Iqoqo lokuqala imisebenzi, noma imbongi-fighter

Ngeshwa, ngo-1845-m Alexei waphoqeleka ukuba ziphazamise izifundo zakhe ngenxa yokuntuleka ukulondeka ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo. Yebo, futhi inqubo yokufunda engenzi ivumelane kuye. Kodwa wanquma ukuba balungiselele futhi baphumelele ezivivinyweni zabo njengenhlangano umfundi zangaphandle, ukuqedela izifundo zabo eNyuvesi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayishiya phansi iyunivesithi, ubudlelwane namalungu umbuthano, noma Petrashevists, akazange alahlekelwe. Ngokuvamile baze banikezwe ngisho uya endlini yakhe.

Iqoqo lokuqala izinkondlo Pleshcheeva eshicilelwe ngo-1846, kuye kwaba imisebenzi efana "Ukubizwa abangane", "Phambili! Ngaphandle kokwesaba nokungabaza ..." futhi "imizwa abazalwane thina sikanye nawe." Babefanele ukwanda okukhulu, kanye zokugcina imigqa emibili waze waba liculo bobusha. Abantu abaningi ababephila ngesikhathi yakhe waqala aphathe Alexei njengoba imbongi-fighter. Futhi lokhu ingenye emaphuzu lamcoka ezithakazelisayo mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo ilandisa yomlando wakhe. U-Aleksey Plescheev eqinisweni waba imbongi wokuqala okufanele sisabele ngayo lapho ezenzeka eFrance. Kungenxa yalesi futhi babemhlonipha Petrashevzy ababezama ukuletha imibono wamavukelambuso eRussia.

Imiphumela iqhaza Petrashevists umbuthano

Yiqiniso, abafundi abaningi banesithakazelo, futhi lapho wafa Pleshcheev wazalwa, kodwa bangaki abantu abaziyo nezinye amaqiniso yomlando wakhe? Ngokwesibonelo, ngenxa yokuthi lo imbongi omkhulu futhi umbhali, like abaningi ayephila nabo, futhi wavakashela isixhumanisi. Kwaphela isikhathi eside Alexey ahlelwe emhlanganweni endlini Petrashevists. Ngo 1849 amaphoyisa abamba yencwadi ka Belinsky ukuthi Pleshcheev wathumela Fedoru Dostoevskomu.

Futhi ngo-Ephreli 8 Alexei Nikolaevich waboshwa ngemva kokuba Olahlwe a provocateur. Labaqaphi, wathunyelwa Petersburg ababegqunywe ngamaNazi kuleli uPetru noPawulu Fortress, lapho afike achitha khona izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili. Ngalesi sikhathi, abantu abangu-21 kusukela phakathi iziboshwa zase isigwebo sokufa ngokungafanele. Phakathi kwawo kwakunodade owayesuka, futhi Ales Nikolaevich. Kodwa lokhu akulona ekupheleni yomlando wakhe. U-Aleksey Plescheev nezinye iziboshwa zathathwa endaweni ngokubulawa, Semyonov Platz. Lapha wafunda esinqumweni Nicholas mina, lapho ukukhishwa itsetfwe imigomo ezahlukene inkomba.

Iminyaka besekudingisweni, noma i-curriculum vitae. izinkondlo Alekseya Plescheeva kule nkathi

Pleshcheeva zenziwa sangasese lenkampani kukhululwa ejele, futhi ngawo-1850 efika Uralsk. Lapha afike achitha khona iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili eside, eziyisikhombisa babo bakhonza. Okokuqala ukuhlala kwakhe enkonzweni Alexey wakhuthazelela kanzima kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko ngenxa isimo sengqondo esingaqondile izikhulu. Iholide akazange avunyelwe, futhi ayikwazanga ukhohlwe okwesikhashana mayelana lokusungula.

Kuningi osekushintshile kusukela Alexei wahlangana nomngane wakhe wakudala ngunina Bala Perovsky, ubani umbusi-jikelele. Waqala kangcono Pleshcheyev. Alexei hhayi kuphela abe esekwazi ukungena izincwadi, kodwa futhi ukuhlangana nabantu ezithakazelisayo - ozala uLieutenant Colonel Victor Deziderevicha Dandevilya, abanye wabathunjwa Poland, imbongi Taras Shevchenko futhi Mihailom Mihaylovym.

Ubhale khona noma yimuphi umkhiqizo ngalesi sikhathi u-Aleksey Plescheev? Biography emfushane, ositshela mayelana inkathi inkomba, inolwazi ezinye izinkondlo, asivulela kumkayo Dandevilyu. Kwathiwa ezibhaliwe futhi izindaba. Lapho Alexey kwahulumeni, abaningi imisebenzi kwakhe wathuma Petersburg, lapho bebehlala khona ishicilelwe kule "Russian iGazethi".

Uqalise bobuchule ngokubambisana izincwadi

Ngo-1857, u-Alex ashade Elikonide Rudneva, futhi ngo-May ngonyaka owalandela uthunyelwa naye ukuze Petersburg enyangeni ezine-iholide. Base kafushane wabuyela Orenburg. Futhi lapha kungenzeka ukuba uphendule umbuzo othi abafundi abaningi lapho Aleksandr Alekseevich Plescheev ozalwa. Umfana wazalwa ngo 1858-m. Kamuva wayeyoba aziwayo njengoba intatheli kanye yaseshashalazini umhlaziyi.

Ngo-August 1859 umndeni wokuqala Pleshcheeva ekugcineni luhlala eMoscow. Lapha Alexey iye nikela yena ukuba ngokubhala. Manje Uyabhala hhayi kuphela izinkondlo, kodwa futhi izindaba nasezincwadini ziye eziningana. Lokhu "ifa", "Ubaba Ndodakazi", "zonke" futhi abanye.

Alexey ngenkuthalo ubambisana asigcini nje ngokulalela okushiwoyo "Contemporary", naye iba share umhlanganyeli iphephandaba eyaziwa "eMoscow iGazethi". Emzini wakhe eMoscow, wayevame uhlela kusihlwa zomculo nokulotshwa kwalo. Bona kungabonwa Antona Grigorevicha Rubinshteyna, Petra Chaykovskogo, le Maly Theatre abadlali, kanye Turgenev, UTolstoy futhi Nekrasov.

kwezombusazwe okuqhubekayo

Plescheev Aleksey Nikolaevich, ogama biography namanje okuhlobene nokusebenzelana zezombusazwe, uyaqhubeka ukunikezela imisebenzi yabo ukuze izinkinga civil kanye nomphakathi. Omunye izisusa main izinkondlo zakhe iba wamavukelambuso feat. Wajabula kakhulu mayelana nomcimbi elafika ngo-1861 (lapho baboshwa ngobuningi abafundi benziwa). Waze baqoqa imali izisulu.

Amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi baqhubeka ukubhekwa kwawo Alekseem Nikolaevichem Plescheevym. Kusenzima esolwa ekudluliseni imibono yezombangazwe kushayisane imibono uhulumeni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwakungasebenzeki icala lezi izinsolo babe izizathu, amacala sobala.

Inkathi ukukhungatheka noma nemali encane njengoba umbhali

Njengoba umsebenzi etemibhalo uletha imali encane kakhulu lapho ukuba zondle imikhaya yazo cishe akunakwenzeka, u-Alexei iya isevisi futhi babe mabhuku. Yikuphi, yebo, unamandla kucindezele ngendlela efanayo. Ekupheleni 1960. emisebenzini yakhe baba kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile ucasukile. Isizathu salokhu kwaba ukuboshwa eziningi abangane Alexei Nikolaevich, kodwa futhi abathile befa hhayi kuphela. Futhi elinye igalelo onzima imbongi ngalesi sikhathi - iyona kokushona komkayo, owafa ngo-December 3, 1864.

Ngo 1868. Nekrasov abe ngumholi "Amanothi we lawobaba" futhi umema Alexei Nikolaevich kokuthunyelwe of uNobhala ibhodi isihloko. Pleshcheev kuhanjiswe ku Petersburg bese uwela yangena esibayeni. Ngo "Amanothi we lawobaba," imbongi iyaqhubeka nokusebenza kuze 1884, futhi ngemva kokufa Nekrasov iba umholi. Phakathi nale nkathi, Alexey iye yasiza imfundamakhwela abalobi abaningi futhi Ivan Surikov ngisho ilondolozwe kusuka ukuzibulala nge isiteji ekukhishweni kwayo kokuqala.

Izinsuku zokugcina Alexei Nikolaevich futhi izinkondlo zakhe

Yiqiniso, abafundi abaningi banesithakazelo kuphela kuyindaba yokukhathalelwa lapho ezizalelwe wafa Pleshcheev, kodwa umsebenzi uqaphele futhi biography of yimuphi umlobi Russian kubaluleke njengokugwema usuku lokufa kwakhe kanye nokuzalwa. Njengoba umsebenzi okudala Alexei Nikolaevich, ngemva kokuthuthela Petersburg, wabhala, cishe ngaphandle kokuma kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe. Ngokuyinhloko, wahumushela izinkondlo kusuka isiFulentshi ngesiNgisi. Kukulo muzi lapho abonakalisa ikhono lakhe eyinhloko imbongi.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi indawo ehlukile esikhathini bokugcina bokuphila Pleshcheeva waqala ukuba luthathe izinkondlo zezingane. Futhi a baxgeki abaningi baye waveza ukuthi le misebenzi Bagcwala lapho isifiso esikhethekile ekuphileni. Ezinye izinkondlo babe ngisho amaqoqo ebhukwinitifundvo kanye kwaduma abafundi abasebasha, abangagcini nje abathanda le mbongi, kodwa futhi ukwazi yomlando wakhe, nokuthi wazalwa nini futhi wafa Pleshcheev.

Abangaphezu kwekhulu zothando nezingoma

On inkondlo Alexei Nikolaevich besikhathi begodu bomculo ezinye izizukulwane kwalotshwa abangaphezu kwekhulu iculo nezingoma ezimangalisayo. intshisekelo omkhulu lokusungula Pleshcheeva okubangelwa uPetru Tchaikovsky, nabo Alexey eside wahlangana futhi kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe wahlala okutholakala ngokuba nobuhlobo obufudumele kakhulu. Akunandaba ukuthi ngonyaka wazalwa futhi wafa Pleshcheev, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi incwadi yakhe yabangela inguquko iqhaza elikhulu izincwadi Russian.

Futhi lapho, ngo 1893, 26 Septhemba, wafa le mbongi omkhulu futhi umbhali, kwabaningi ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe wazizwa ukulahlekelwa okukhulu. Okthoba 6, lapho ebanjwa Pleshcheeva umngcwabo, lenqwaba Babuthana emkhosini. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona ababhali abasha, abaye ngicela usizo kule ndoda emangalisayo.