"Shell" (abathintekayo bezisebenzi zokuzivikela): izici zobuchwepheshe (isithombe)

Umqondo wezingalo bese ubhalela imoto ngokuhlanganyela ekuhlaselweni kwazalwa ngesikhathi esithile ngemuva kokudalwa kwayo. Emuva ngo-1897 eRussia, umsunguli waseDussia uDvinitsky wabonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukufaka isibhamu esincane esisheshayo emshinini. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaqinisekiswa izivivinyo eziphumelelayo, ikhomishana evela eKomidini Yezikhali ayizange iphakamise ukuklama ngisho nomdwebo wemoto entsha yokulwa. Imoto yokuqala yokuzivikela yavela nini futhi nini? Yayiyini imodeli yokuqala yezimoto futhi yayibukeka kanjani namuhla? Mayelana nalokhu kamuva kusihloko.

Amaqiniso omlando

Imoto yokuqala yokuzivikela impi yayiyi "imoto yemoto". Kwaboniswa eLondon, ngo-1902, ngo-Ephreli 4, unjiniyela waseNgilandi Simms. Le phrojekthi yasungulwa ngehlobo lika-1898. Imoto yayivikelwe ngamacala ayisithupha evulekile, izibhamu ezintathu zivaliwe nezihlangu. Amandla we-injini ezine-cylinder, enikwe amandla kagesi amakhulu, afinyelela amalitha angu-16. Nge. Noma kunjalo, uMnyango Wezempi waseNgilandi wawubonakala njengesikhashana njengoRashiya, wenqaba umbono weSimms. Kodwa ngonyaka ofanayo, ngo-1989, inkampani yaseFrance yakha iqembu lamaloli ahlomile ahlomile.

Abasebenzi bokuqala bezempi baseRussia

Ukwakhiwa kwale mishini yezwe lokuqala kwakuholwa uDobrzhansky. Zakhiwe esitshalweni saseRussia-Baltic. Umthamo wokuthwala wemishini wawufinyelele amathani amabili. UColonel wayazi kahle inqubo yokukhiqiza amaloli ahlomile ekhishini laseFrance elithi "Creusot". Ngaphezu kwalokho, uDobrzhansky waze wabamba iqhaza ekwakheni kwawo. ERussia, izikhali nokubhuka kwemoto kwenziwa ngaleso sikhathi eduze neSt. Petersburg, eKolpino, esitshalweni se-Izhora. Ngenxa yokuthi ngaphambili kwakudingeka imishini evikelwe, i-chassis yamaloli angama-serial yayinamathelethi we-chromium-nickel aqoshiwe ayengenanga nge-bullet eqondile evela emazingeni amabili angama-paces. Ukuvikelwa emzimbeni kwakunamathele ku-rivets. Lapho kwakhiwa kwakudingeka ukushiya umbhoshongo ojikelezayo. Njengoba izikhali, amasosha amathathu omshini wesistimu "Maxim" asetshenzisiwe. Bafakwe emagumbini wephepha eliphambili namacala.

Izimoto Ezinjongo Ezikhethekile

Izithuthi ze-armored carrier armored (APCs) zenzelwe isitshalo se-Izhora ngo-1939. Yenzelwe ukuthutha amabutho, ukulimala kanye nempahla ehlukahlukene. Ekukhiqizeni kwe-batch futhi akafikanga. Yadalwa ngesisekelo seloli GAZ-AA elinomzimba "ebhokisini", esolwe ngamapulangwe ayisithupha-millimeter izikhali. Ukufika kweqembu, okuhlanganisa ukuhlaselwa kanye namadoda amabili, kwakukhona iminyango emibili ehlangothini lwesigodlo, kanti omunye udonga olungemuva. Isisindo esiphezulu semoto sasingu-5.24 amathani. Amandla engena injini ayengu-40 amalitha. With., Futhi isivinini sokunyakaza sifike amakhilomitha amane ngehora. Ukwenziwa kwe-patency okwenyuka kwanikezwa ngochungechunge olususwe. Lapho ushayela emgwaqweni omuhle, babanjwe phezu kwesondo elingaphandle kwesigodlo. Imoto yayinezikhungo zomsakazo. Umthamo wamathangi akhe ophethiloli angaphezu kwekhulu lamalitha. Leli volumu linikeze ukugcinwa kwemigwaqo eceleni komgwaqo omkhulu ngebanga lamakhilomitha angu-250.

Ubuchwepheshe bePremi

Okuhlangenwe nakho kwezigameko zango-1944-1945 kubonise ukuthi kubalulekile ukusekela ama-armored units njengamayunithi angeziwe ehamba ngezinyawo. Isixazululo esihle kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto ezihamba phambili, okwakunokubhuka okulula, okuhlinzekela ukuvikelwa kwabafighters ezimpini kanye nezinhlamvu zezingalo ezincane. Ukuthuthukiswa kwemoto yokuqala enjalo kwenziwa ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kukaRubtsov - umklami ohola ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zokuqala ezifuywayo zasekhaya, inkomba yayo "yayiyi-141", yenziwa kwi-KB ye-Gorky Automobile Plant ngesisekelo se-GAZ-63. Imodeli emibili ye-axle nazo zonke izigubhu zenzelwe ukuthutha izingane eziyisishiyagalombili. Umshini wawunezikhalazo ezivulekile, ezifakwe emaphepheni amamitha angu-6-8. Udonga olungemuva lwalunemnyango wokufika, ngoba izingeniso zabezimele zazihlomele ezinhlangothini zemoto.

I-BTR-MDM "Shell"

Lo mshini, onesihloko esithi "into 955", uhlelwe ekwakhiweni kwendawo yokukhiqiza itektala eVolgograd. Isisindo nobukhulu bemoto sinikeza ngokushesha ukuvimbela isithiyo samanzi nokuhamba emoyeni. "I-Shell" - isithwali sabantu abasebenza ngokuzivikela esenzelwe ukuthatha isikhundla se "D" emasosha. Umshini unesibhamu semishini engu-7.62mm. Itholakala ekufakweni kombhoshongo we-commander-gunner. Ukuphela kwesokudla kwesokunxele kufakwe enye eyengeziwe yomshini owodwa wemishini.

Izindlu

"Shell" - abathintekayo abasebenza ngezandla zempi, egcwele amashidi aphethwe. Esikhathini esiphakathi nangaphambili kukhona ukwehla kokufika kanye nabasebenzi bezimoto. Ama-caches akhethekile ahlelwe ngaphezu kwamathrekhi. Igumbi lokudlulisa injini lisemuva kwendawo. Ekuseni kukhona ukukhipha lapho ithimba lidiliza khona. Ngaphambi kwemoto kukhona isihlalo somshayeli. Ukuphuma ephahleni kwahlelwa izintambo ezintathu. Zitholakala ngenhla komzila wokushayela-umshini kanye nezindawo zokufika. Ngakwesobunxele kukhona umbhoshongo ophahleni. Ngaphansi kwalo yindawo yomlawuli-gunner. Kuhlelo lombhoshongo, uhlelo lokunikezwa kwamandla yangaphandle luhlinzekwa, kanye nenqubo yokuqondisa eqondile. Engxenyeni ephakathi imoto kunezihlalo ezimbili ezihlangothini ezinhlangothini (ezintathu ngakwesinye icala). Kuzo ukufika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinhlangothini zinamabakaki, lapho abafakela khona befakwe nalabo abalimele khona.

Amadivayisi wokuxhumana nokuqondisa

Ukubhekwa ngokucophelela kwenziwa ngumshayeli-mechanic. "Shell" - isithwali sabasebenzi abasebenza ngezandla ezihlomile ezinezinsimbi ezintathu ze-periscope. Idivaysi ephakathi yokubhekwa ingashintshwa ngedivayisi yombono ebusuku. Ngaphambi kwemoto phambi kwesigqoko ngakwesokudla kukhona ukubona, lapho kukhanya khona ukukhanya okuvela kumshini womshini. Ukufakwa kombhoshongo nakho kufakwe isimiso sokubheka isibhamu sokudubula nokuqapha indawo.

Ukuthutha kanye nenjini

"Shell" - isithwathwa sabasebenzi abasebenza ngezandla eziphethe isitshalo samandla. Itholakala ngemuva kwemoto (egumbini lokudlulisa injini). Injini yemoto iyaphambene, ifakwe uhlelo lokupholisa umoya kanye ne-turbo-supercharging. Esigodini esisodwa nge-motor kukhona indlela yokuhlinzeka nokujikeleza. Ihlanganisa ibhokisi legijimi eliguquguqukayo le-shaft amabili kanye nedrayivu enejethi ye-propeller shaft .

Ngaphansi kokuhamba

Umshini "I-Shell-M" uhlonywe kusuka ohlangothini ngalunye ngezingqimba ezine ezisekelayo nezinhlanu zokusekela. Zihlanganiswe ngamabhande ezinhlamvu ezinamakhadi anezinsimbi ezinjenge-rubber-metal. Ama-rollers asekela aphethwe emithonjeni ye-pneumatic. I-BTR "I-Shell-M" inesimo sokuguquguquka sezinto ezintathu eziguquguqukayo: esiphezulu, esebenza futhi esincane.

Isiphetho

Kukhona izinguquko eziningana zemoto. Okuyisisekelo - "BTR-MD" - yakhelwe ngesisekelo semoto yokulwa yesimo "D". Inguqulo ethuthukisiwe yenzelwe ngesisekelo semoto yokulwela impi "BDM-4M". Amayunithi amabili alo mishini ahanjiswe ekuthunjweni kwamasosha ezokulwa amasosha ngo-2013. Kuze kube sekupheleni kwesigamu sokuqala sonyaka wamanje, ngo-2014, ama-BTR ayishumi "i-Rakushka-M" kumele idluliselwe emagunyeni avela emoyeni.