Sezindela Solovetsky. Umlando Solovetsky Monastery

Lena ngenye yezindawo amazing kakhulu ngokomoya laseNyakatho Russian. Solovetsky Islands uthakazelisa futhi ukuheha hhayi kuphela ngenxa yobuhle balo nokuhlala ezivulekile inkulu, kodwa futhi indaba yokuqala.

izindonga Local khumbula eziningi usizi, kodwa hhayi ngaphansi nezinjabulo. Coming lapha, ngeke shí inganekwane ngezibonakaliso nangezimangaliso ukubazi uqobo umphefumulo Russian.

pearl-orthodox

Watshala Hermits ezintathu iseli ngemva kweminyaka eminingi uye savela ibe umcebo womhlaba wonke. Izigidi pilgrim ziyafika minyaka ukubona zwe elimangalisayo. Leli thempeli phakathi ukhona uye wakwazi ukuthola inqaba lempi, ijele futhi ikamu, lapho wabeka ukulinga abantu.

Nokho, akukho lutho ayengakwazi ukuphula umoya izindela. Namuhla, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yezindela othola sokubuyiselwa, bakhiqiza imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene ukuze sikhulekele futhi sijabulele pilgrimage amasevisi agcinwe futhi siyiswa izwi likaNkulunkulu ukuze abantu abavamile.

indawo

Solovetsky Monastery isendaweni iziqhingi ezine leziqhingi White Sea. izakhiwo ezahlukene, izakhiwo kanye zezindela zitholakala yizicucu ezinkulu nezincane komhlaba.

Ubuhle ekhanya landscape ulungisa ngokuzenzakalela umqondo womuntu engokomoya. Akumangalisi, ngokusho legend, zonke izakhiwo esigodlweni sezindela ume endaweni lapho izimangaliso nesambulo iphutha.

Ngakho, kwi-Big Solovetsky Isiqhingi futhi Ascension kukhona Savvatiy Skit futhi Filippovskaya, Makarii futhi Isaakovskaya ehlane.

On the Big Muksalma elise uSergiyu sezindela. Lapha, ukubeka ithempeli igama St uSergiyu ka Radonezh. Kukhona sezindela futhi ipulazi zokwakha ilungu labasebenzi. Lezi ziqhingi ezimbili zixhunywe umzila odlulela ngokuthi "Stone Bridge".
On Anzere kukhona u-Eleyazare ehlane, uZiqu-zintathu, futhi eGolgotha-Ukubethelwa Skete.
Big Rabbit Isiqhingi wanika yokukhosela St Andrew ehlane.

Kwenqwaba sezakhiwo kungokwalabo eminyaka 17-18, kodwa ezakhiwa ngaphansi kokuqondisa izindela kusayithi zezakhiwo ezindala agugile.

Futhi Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky Isigodlo, uma isekelwe izincwadi zomlando okuqondene nane farmsteads. Akha ikakhulu ezifundeni esenyakatho Empire Russian.

Compound - into efana sezindela legatsha. Umphakathi, ehlukanisiwe ayitholwa futhi abahlala ngaphandle endaweni yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. Kodwa bedumisa sisekelo Isigodlo main.

Kuze kube manje, ukusebenza esigodlweni sezindela ezine kuphela - e Moscow, Arkhangelsk futhi Kem Faustovo (isigodi elitholakala esingekude neMoscow).

Ukuze ama-pilgrim kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi imvume liyadingeka ukuhamba esigodlweni sezindela Solovetsky. Kanjani ukuze uwufinyelele? Ukwenza amadokhumenti nezinye ukunakekelwa ngokuvamile zithatha ku-ejensi. Ngakho-ke, lapho ezimbili ongakhetha yilezi: akhokhe abanolwazi tour operator, okuholela wonke umsebenzi ekwenzele khona, noma ukuya, bezama ukuthola yonke into ngokwakho. Indlela yokuqala kuyabiza futhi ngokushesha, kwesibili - ke ushibhile futhi isikhathi eside.

Umlando Solovetsky Monastery

Spaso-Preobrazhensky Solovetsky sezindela kuhlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-15. Kwakuthinta e 1429, izindela ezintathu wabeka futhi lakha cell yokuqala. Emva kwesikhashana omunye wabo, Savvatii, reposed, nabanye ababili - UHerman Zosimus - emuva Big Solovetsky Island.

Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, babenesifiso umbono wesonto omangalisayo onqenqemeni esempumalanga yalesi siqhingi. isonto lokhuni lakhiwa, futhi sixties of lelo khulu leminyaka, Zosima waklonyeliswa nge-diploma ye-Novgorod-Archbishop uJona. Ngokusho idokhumenti, manje lesi siqhingi, izwe elizungezile futhi ikusasa Isigodlo kwanikwa ifa ezingaphelelwa isikhathi of sezindela.

Phakathi neminyaka eyalandela ngokuthula iphelelwe yisikhathi Zosima noHerman. Izindela ka wezindela Solovetsky wahlupheka amandla abo abode wahlela ngokukhethekile njengoba izinsalela Savvatii, washona ngo 1435 edolobhaneni Soroca, eduze nogu.

Ekupheleni ngekhulu nanhlanu lapha ekuqaleni kakade seziqala izipho kwabaphethe bese uvula emehlweni umbhali. Ngakho, le nganekwane ngemlomo ngaloko lokusandza kwenteka St Herman kwaba ngesisekelo amarekhodi ekusungulweni sezindela Dosifeya. Ngesisekelo le dokhumenti 1503 kwaba ukuqala ukuhlanganisa izimpilo pervonachalnikov Solovetsky.
Ngo 1478, sezindela wathola njengesipho 'athunjwa German asakazwe insimbi ", okuyinto namuhla omunye omdala Russian Trophies lempi ezaziwayo.

Ngo 1479 Tsar Ivan Vasilievich le Kubi mathupha avumela ubuqiniso izitifiketi kobunikazi lezibopho timelessness yayo isikhalazo sakhe.

Wawuyini tsars Russian

Sakhiwo ezifanayo White Sea ikhadi trump e kabuhlungu ababusi eMoscow. Okokuqala, ngosizo abangane we Solovetsky Monastery tidies impilo nezomnotho esifundeni. Ukuba yingcweti Pomerania ngaphandle kosizo Isigodlo bekungeke kube ngokushesha ngakho nangokuphumelelayo.

Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, Isigodlo ukunweba zonke usizo ngangokunokwenzeka. isimo sakhe eliphakeme kungabonwa amakhadi ngesikhathi. Akubona bonke zaziphawuleka ngokungabi idolobha kunalokho enkulu, kodwa Solovetsky Monastery kumephu njalo achazwe ngayo.

Umsunguli we Isigodlo sesonto eMoscow zaqashelwa ngokuthi osanta, futhi ukubamba iqhaza emagcekeni ezigodlo ukunikela izipho. Konke lokhu kwaba sinazo, ngeshwa.
Kusukela ngekhulu le-16, umsebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi uwela emahlombe abakhileyo la mazwe. Ngaphandle izehlakalo eziphathelene nomsebenzi kokujwayelekile yesigodlo, kwadingeka ukubhekana ukwakhiwa inqaba. Usuku emuva phakathi kwaleli khulu leminyaka, izakhiwo itshe kuqala. Zonke ukwakhiwa wayephethe lo wesigodlo Philippe, kwathiwa Hermitage yakhe isendaweni Big Solovetsky Island.

Eminyakeni 1560-1570 Isigodlo kuthiwa "inqaba enkulu isimo", lapha ithunyelwa Trifon umdala (Kologriv emhlabeni), omunye abaklami abanamakhono kakhulu futhi onjiniyela lempi ngesikhathi. Nguye ezaziphethe ukudalwa neziningi zezakhiwo kanye izinqaba esiqhingini, zangekhulu nesithupha.

Njengekamu lamabutho enyakatho zamukelwa kabanzi ezinkolweni kanye zone komngcele emazweni aseYurophu, Solovetsky Islands kungukuthi nje imali ngoxhaxha isitha. Ekuqaleni le mikhumbi British wasondela, eminyakeni embalwa kamuva injabulo Uzame armada Swedish. Bonke zenqatshiwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, iziphathimandla zezwe wazama ukusebenzisa izindonga eziqinile Isigodlo kuya ngokugcwele. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesithupha, lapha sebeqala dingisa izibalo engadingeki. Ngakho, lesi siqhingi ngokwengxenye zilawule nemisebenzi ejele.

Compound Solovetsky sezindela izindlu abacibisheli engaphezu kwenkulungwane ahlomile. Amandla anjalo adingekayo ukuze ukuwanakekela, ngakho umyalo wombusi kusukela sezindela isinyathelo inkonzo zabasebenzi kanye izinkokhelo. Konke wayegxilile kuphela ukusebenza esiphezulu ezizimele. Okungukuthi, lokhu inqaba kwaba ukusebenza isikhathi eside e lokuvimbezela imodi kuze kufike usizo. Futhi ngosizo iya kude!

Nokho, amakhosi akazange ukulindela ukuthi kuzodala ngokwayo inkinga. Lolu shintsho lwaqala ngesikhathi izinguquko isonto futhi okuhlukene. Iningi izindela benqaba ukwamukela imithetho emisha, turning sezindela Solovetsky ku nenqaba kokholo ubudala. Kamuva zahlangana izinsalela amabutho wahlulwa Stenki Razina.

imizamo emikhulu amabutho tsarist ngoJanuwari 1676 ejele u nokho athathwe. Zonke lezo obhekene kobuholi kwavukelwa babulawa, esitolo ziphangwe, isimo kuhoxiswa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi - angaba amashumi amabili - koleminyaka engamatshumi amathathu langaphezulu - Isigodlo yawela ihlazo.

Ukubuya kwindawo wangaphambili kuphela waqala phakathi nokubusa, uPeter Omkhulu. Ngu lesi sikhathi ukwakhiwa eGolgotha-Ukubethelwa skite.

isikhathi synodal

Nokho, ubukhulu wangaphambili namandla empi Solovetsky Monastery futhi azizange zifike. I kabusha iningi ezweni lathathwa ngo 1764, nasemizaneni izigodi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuqinile lokulawula labantu kuleli qoqo leziqhingi. SoBukhosi wayengasafuni ukubhekana inqaba ezingafinyeleleki lapho ezazizogcwalisa indela ahlaza.

Ngo-1765, waba stavropegic futhi idluliselwe kwakuwukuthi emhlanganweni wesigungu, kodwa abbots zazisekhona archimandrites.

Ngo 1814 egcekeni Solovetsky Monastery wakhululwa izibhamu, ninqume eziningi amalungu ebutho lenqaba, futhi kakhulu abode ayifakiwe uhlu izinqaba ekhona.

Nokho, yakheke ngenkathi odongeni New Age badlula ukuvinjezelwa Anglo-French phakathi neMpi YaseCrimea. Kwakuwusuku zakamuva kuhlasela izitha angaphandle kwi izindonga yesigodlo.

Ngemva Maphakathi nekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye, Isigodlo sekuba Luhambo eyinhloko kwesifunda izihambeli. Lapha kufika inkosi ngokwayo kanye nabasizi bakhe, abaculi kanye osomaqhinga. Yakhelwe Holy Trinity Cathedral.
Ngo-1886, embundwini Isigodlo kwafika isosha lokugcina ikampu. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke isimo noma iyiphi inqaba kungaba kungabaza. Abode baba ngomqondo ogcwele phakathi nendawo obungokomoya balabo North Russian.

Ikhulu lamashumi amabili uqalile ngokuba Solovki yimpumelelo kakhulu. Ngo lokuma kwazo babe ngaphezu amasonto kweshumi, amahora amathathu, izikole ezimbili, a ikwaya Isigodlo, ingadi Botanical Solovetsky. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-abode Mills eziyisithupha, isigayo, ezingaphezu kuka-nanhlanu ezahlukene izikebhe workshop.

On insimu yalo ukusebenza ezingaphezu kweyodwa namakhulu amaningana ilungu labasebenzi waqasha okuyinhloko. Kuwo lo nyaka, Isigodlo odlale aphethe emakholweni angaphezu kuka-nanhlanu yinkulungwane, abesifazane babengavunyelwe ngaphakathi. Babehlala edolobheni. Phezu kwakho konke, in the ifa Isigodlo kwaba 4 ngesitimu.

Ngenkathi yamaSoviet

Njengazo zonke wabikezela kuphela ukuphila ngenjabulo futhi kujabulise izindela. Imali - ungabali, lezi zinqolobane zigcwele imikhiqizo nezimpahla. Sated, kahle, ngokunganaki.

Nokho, ekupheleni ekuphileni kwasezulwini ukubeka October Revolution ngo-1917. iziphathimandla zifika obala iqale impi ngo-esontweni futhi izikhonzi zayo. Ngo-1920, uKhomishane we iRed Army eholwa umsedari, ezaqedwa Solovetsky Monastery, kodwa wamemezela epulazini lapha ekamu ophoqelelwe "Solovki".

"Solovki Injongo Special Camp" - Kusukela ngo-1923, Indlovu waqala ukusebenza ezakhiweni eziningi. It ikhiyiwe zonke okunganambitheki kwezombusazwe. Per imitha skwele ababhishobhi ejele saba ngaphezu in sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia wonkana.

Okuthusayo ejele eyayihambisana kudutshulwa njalo nokubulala. Ukuxhaphaza nokuhlushwa abayekanga, emini noma ebusuku. A esibhedlela ekamu eGolgotha-Ukubethelwa Isigodlo, kuyavumelana ngokuphelele nalo isihloko.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala yokukhulekela bavunyelwa ebandleni umuntu ekuqhubekeni nabangane babo siqu, owayesebenza epulazini labo, kodwa ngo-1932-monk zokugcina wadingiselwa ezwekazini.

Maphakathi nawo-namathathu banesifo esibi babulawa lapha inani Amazing zabantu, iningi okwakukhona kuwo + nangayiphi indlela okufanele asolwe.

Kusukela ngo-1937 kuya ku-1939 lapha ixazululwe amatshe - ejele injongo ekhethekile, uhlala ngokuvumelana negama layo. Futhi ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili kwakukhona amabutho emfundisweni Navy zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

yokutakula

Umsebenzi ku ukubuyiselwa eziyinkimbinkimbi sezindela waqala e sixties kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ngo-1974 lapho yasungulwa zigcine zomlando wemvelo.

Luhambo Very interesting futhi engavamile wakhula Anzer isiqhingi. Njengoba uma ngokwelungiselelo laphezulu endaweni lapho iziphathimandla ayenqatshelwe give up, kukhona lesi simangaliso. Bhekisisa lesi sithombe, Isigodlo Solovetsky - nguye kuphela abangakwazi ukuziqhayisa a birch ezinjalo.

Nge ngokuwa kweSoviet Union wavuselela labantu Izigodlo kanye ezindlini. Okthoba 25, 1990 lalimisa watshumayela sokubuyiselwa Zosimo-Savvatiy Solovetsky sezindela Stauropegial. Eyokuqala baba indela amagama banikwa ngokuvumelana eziningi. Manje sekuwumkhuba isiko ebalulekile.

Ngo-1992, lesikhumbuzo emlandweni futhi yokwakha ifakiwe phakathi UNESCO Site.

Eqhubekayo ngomsebenzi wokwakha wamisa iziphambano esiyisikhumbuzo phansi kwezinhlekelele ezinkulu. ukholo Abaningi Ngasekuqaleni eSoviet Union base abagcotshwa.

Ngo-2001, uMphathi Zonke Russia Alexy II mathupha yangcwelisa sezindela Solovetsky.
Uyithola kanjani kuye, manje ukukhathazeka zabaningi, ngoba namolennoe ngokuhlupheka, ngakho indawo ine amandla Amazing.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa: ukufinyelela amade eziqhingini kungaba noma phezu kwamanzi noma emoyeni. Kukhona imizila ezimbili eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa izakhamizi, ama-pilgrim, izivakashi - e Arkhangelsk futhi Kem ngokusebenzisa (okokugcina phakathi navigation kuphela).

Kumila wezindela eMoscow

Okwesibili igama sion sezindela - Church of St George le Olunqobayo esigodini. Itholakala ngemuva UMfula iMoscow. Le ndawo ibizwa ngokuthi i-Lower Usuyifakile.
Isonto lokuqala ezenziwe ngokhuni yasungulwa lapha izikhathi Ioanna Vasilevicha Groznogo. Kodwa ngesicelo uMbhishobhi Elassonskogo, owafika kanye lenxusa enkantolo ngo 1588, ibandla itshe lakhiwa endaweni yayo.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu nesikhombisa, njengoba emasontweni amaningi kule ejele lenziwe "abantu abawuhlupho."

Ithempeli ikhula njengoba isikhathi siqhubeka. Iminyaka eyikhulu, kusukela maphakathi nawo wangekhulu le-17, kwakunabamemezeli Izindlwana ezimbili ukunamathisela - egameni uMariya Nikolaya Chudotvortsa.

Nokho, ngenxa kusiteshi proleganiya komhlaba ngaphansi insimbi, kuba ekupheleni kwekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili kwawa inkundla, futhi wawela Refectory. Mayelana isigamu sekhulu leminyaka izindela ukwenza ngaphandle kwalezi zakhiwo ezimbili, kuyilapho omunye besonto akazange ebekwe ukubeka umbhoshongo insimbi.

Yakhiwa endaweni okuqinile, ngakho egcekeni Solovetsky Monastery eMoscow kwaba ibanganyana kusukela turret.

Kompheme, okuyinto namuhla esebenza esigodlweni sezindela, lakhiwa 1836.
Ngo-1908 isonto waphinda ngasinda sigemegeme. Ngenxa uzamcolo we umfula wawudla izindwali engaphansi, izindonga ezakhiwe imifantu.

Le midwebo, okuyinto waqala ukuwa, babuyiselwa kuphela emva kweminyaka emibili.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuziphatha kwethempeli kwakuyizingalo isibhedlela, isikole kanye ezibhedlela zamasosha wangaphambili.
Ibandla eziqhutshwa kuze 1935, futhi phakathi neminyaka engu-kweSoviet Union, kukhona i-ejensi art.

Ezingokoqobo namuhla

Solovetsky Monastery eMoscow namuhla savuka ngaphansi sezindela eyinhloko yesigodlo ku White Sea. Yokutakula kwenzeka ngo-1992.

Ikakhulu umsebenzi wakhe ihlobene ukusekelwa kanye nokugcinwa Isigodlo esiqhingini. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yawo 1990 kwaba khona ukulungiselela inkonzo nokudluliswa izinto ezingcwele zosanta ukuze Solovki. izindawo ephakeme yabuyiselwa, ukubeka ukuze.

ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi kungenzeka ukutholakala yayo ingcwelisiwe wonke amakamelo, ezakhiwe Ukukhulekela cross, amamitha ayishumi ukuphakama.

Ngo-2003 lwalumumethe atewugubha wokugubha engu-350 yeSivumelwano ekusungulweni Church of the kukaJesu Blessed Virgin Mary, okuyinto wanika asisekelo sekutfutfukisa okwalandela wethempeli.

Futhi at Easter 2006, it wethulwa obala novosdelanny iconostasis e eziyizitezi ezinhlanu.

Kwakhiwa indlu enkulu yesonto eyinhloko isithonjana Solovetsky isimangaliso abasebenzi nge izinsalela. inkonzo ngamunye amaHubo bugcizelelwa isikhalazo kuye, futhi ibandla esetshenziswe esithombeni.
Futhi, kukhona indlu yokunyathelisa, wahlanganyela ukukhululwa kwe "Solovki isithunywa", ngifaka kanye nokunye okubhaliwe kwi Christmas zemikhosi futhi ezinye izinsuku ezinkulu ongcwele. Amakhalenda, equkethe izithombe, Solovetsky Monastery kwenza amahle kakhulu futhi original.

ukuphila parish

Ngesisekelo imisebenzi Isigodlo eMoscow tetemfundvo nekucecesha of amalungu esonto abasha. On the indawo kukhona wethu kaSonto-sikole, lapho bafundzi bafundza kanye ezineminyaka engu-6 kuya ku-13. isimiso sesifundo somuntu Ikhalenda Sihlelwe ngomumo ngokuhambisana izimiso zobuKristu futhi yavalelwa zonke ngamaholide enkolo.
Abazali bona ahlele ukudla kubafundi.

Futhi isebenza fotokruzhok, ke ibambisane YaseMoscow ifilimu esikoleni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-2011, wahlela ukuhamba futhi ibhasi izinkambo eMoscow mbukwane. Omunye hambo, isibonelo - Ivan le Kubi, futhi St Philip.

Ukuhamba zenzeke egcekeni elingumakhelwane, e Faustovo futhi Kolomenskoye. Zonke uhambo ngokukhethekile ezihlobene umlando kanye nokusebenza yesigodlo. Futhi, njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, abalandeli ukuthwala ama-pilgrim kuya Solovetsky Islands.

Inhloso yalezi uhambo babe zemfundo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ngokomoya. Ngemva nohambo, wonke umuntu angakwazi uhlale bese ucela ungqongqoshe yonke imibuzo. Uyothatha isinyathelo kubo, noma, noma umeme esehlakalweni.

Ukudumisa yayiqhutshwa nsuku zonke kanye Inkonzo - kaningana ngesonto. Futhi yokuHlawula, ngoLwesine, kukhona unction kakhulu.