Neygauz Genrih Gustavovich: Biography, ukuphila siqu, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo, izithombe

wopiyano Ezivelele futhi pedagogue Genrih Gustavovich Neygauz (1888-1964) waphila, ukuphila kuthakazelise ocebile umculo. Indlela yakhe akubanga bushelelezi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ikusasa ayehlose azinikele lokubhala. Umlando wakhe onqotshwa ngokugcwele, efuna ngokunqoba. Akwenzele okuningi phezu kwendlu ka-namuhla ukukhumbula ngobani Genrih Neygauz. Ummeleli we a aqhoshe upiyano esikoleni ezihlangana ubuchwepheshe isiRashiya, saseVienna nesiJalimane waba umsunguli wesikole esithile esizimele kanye owalandela lwamakhosi umkhaya? Konke lokhu zimunye oyedwa, ngubani akusilo ize wethiwa Genrih Veliky.

Ebuntwaneni Nomkhaya

Wazalelwa Neygauz Genrih Gustavovich Apreli 12, 1988 ku Elisavetgrad (Ukraine) emndenini zomculo kakhulu. Uyise Gustav Vilgelmovich wayeyindodana umthakathi elula, kwenza upiyano kusukela ebuntwaneni yabonisa ithalente omkhulu zomculo wathunyelwa ukufunda upiyano. Wayefanele ithuba lokuyofunda Conservatory nge wopiyano odumile uFerdinand Hiller. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu Gustav Neuhaus ifika eRussia, lapho kuqala wasebenza wokufundisa umculo emkhayeni ahlukile. akhe ngegunya analo njengoMbusi uthisha likhula ngokushesha, futhi ngo-1898 wavula umculo wakhe esikoleni siqu ngokusekelwa Alexander Glazunov F. Blumenfeld.

unkosikazi Gustav sika, unina uHenry, futhi wayevela emkhayeni nokuxhumana okukhulu zomculo. Olga Blumenfeld kwaba udadewabo emangalisayo wopiyano, umqhubi kanye umqambi F. Blumenfeld futhi Karol Shimansovskogo anti, edumile umqambi Polish. Yena luqobo wayebuye wopiyano futhi wasebenza nomyeni wakhe e-isikole somculo.

Gustav Neuhaus wayengumuntu engavamile kakhulu, eqinisweni, ikhaya umashiqela futhi pedantic, wabuza ekugcwalisekeni esiqondile wonke imithetho esungulwe ngalo. Lezi zici aba isisekelo indlela yakhe yokufundisa. Wayenza ukuletha abafundi uxokozele, okubangela master imiklamo. Gustav Vilgelmovich wabhala imisebenzi ezinkulu Pedagogical, wayengumuntu kasibili nikela kuze ecaleni lakhe, futhi yayithwala kumnandi umsebenzi, egcwele trait umndeni Neuhaus.

kumiswa

Genrih Gustavovich Neygauz, ogama biography, njengoba esho, "benamandla umculo," Isikhathi sasebuntwaneni waphoqeleka ukuba bafunde notation emculweni futhi ufunde ukudlala upiyano. Uyise wazizwa ngokugcwele ke indlela yakhe yokufundisa baphoqa umfana amahora ukufunda ukudlala ucije amasu, wayezimisele ukuba kumile bopiyano brilliant yezingane zabo. Konke lokhu kusuka ebuntwaneni esazithukuthelisa uHenry, wazonda ukuba ubudala lobudala, futhi akazange enze abafundi babo sinezele kubo. Zacindezelwa esindayo kusukela abazali kukaHenry kwakhiwa uhlamvu ezimele.

Ngo-1905, washiya izifundo bakhe noyise baba waya Berlin, lapho wathatha izifundo kusukela odumile umqambi, umqhubi, edlala nopiyano L. Godowsky. Ngo Berlin Neuhaus baxhumana abaculi oluvelele: Rubinstein, M. Zador, A. Shelyuto. Ngemva kwesikhashana uya studio P. Juon ke ubuyela Godovsky. Ngaleso sikhathi, uHenry kudlula isikhathi eside yokungazethembi ngokuphelele. Elahla ukwakheka kanye enquma ukugxila yaseshashalazini. Kusukela ngo-1912, Neuhaus wahlanganyela amakhosi esikoleni Godowsky ngesikhathi Vienna Academy of Music kanye Dramatic Arts, owathweswa iziqu eminyakeni emibili kamuva. Kepha kwakukhona idiploma Russian ayewadinga Russia bakwazi ukusebenza futhi ngeke singayiswa empini. Ngo-1915, Neuhaus i izivivinyo yangaphandle ngesikhathi Petersburg Conservatory futhi wathola i-diploma ye "umculi khulula".

Indlela eya esiteji

Isiphetho uHenry kuzenzakalele, naphezu kwemizamo yakhe ukuthola indlela yabo siqu ngezinqumo azenza ekuphileni, emculweni, akakwazanga ukugwema. Phela, njengoba ingane Genrih Neygauz unikeza ekhonsathini kuqala. Ngakho, eneminyaka engu-9, ayezenza phambi kwabalaleli kanye waltz ayengayilungiselelanga ngu Chopin, wafunda ngaphansi kokuqondisa uyise. Lapho ngineminyaka engu-14 wayedlala kakade Preludes Chopin futhi "Fantasy Pieces" by Schumann. Ngo-1903, lapho udadewabo waya Warsaw, lapho wathatha izifundo kusukela A. Michalowski bese kwenza uhambo elincane eJalimane, lapho uHenry enze imisebenzi by Chopin futhi Strauss. Kwenye yalezi amakhonsathi onengxenye yena R. Strauss, olwenziwa ukusebenza izingoma zabo. Yena kuyancomeka ngendlela ukusebenza nobuchwepheshe Neuhaus.

umsebenzi

Kusukela ngo-1919, Neygauz Genrih Gustavovich uhlala e Kiev futhi linikeza lenqwaba amakhonsathi ngohlelo elikhanyayo futhi zihlukahlukene, lapho kungenzeka ukuba uzwe umculo we Prokofiev, Chopin, Bach, Szymanowski. Ngo-1922 wathuthela eMoscow, quartet wenza nabo. Beethoven unika recitals eziningi. ukusebenza kwakhe ngesikhathi abantu besikhathi ukukhumbula injabulo kusukela ngendlela engavamile ngokubulawa. Ochwepheshe bathi izici abacula bakhe isitayela elihlobene ne inhlanganisela eliyingqayizivele amasiko isiJalimane, isiRashiya futhi saseVienna. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenza kwayo kuthinteka ubuntu bakhe, akalokothi okufanayo, ngokuvamile libhekene bokungafani olukhulu amakhono ukusebenza, kodwa wayehlale ngokuphelele ngokwethembeka, njalo wahlala umculo, engeyena ukuwudlala.

Ngo-1933, Neuhaus wathutha idiphtheria, okuyinto lakhula laba polyneuritis ezinzima, nabo walwa Ngenxa yokuqhuma cishe unyaka, kodwa imiphumela ngesimo paresis olungaphelele sangakwesokudla wahlala unomphela. Izilaleli zahluleka nokuyicabanga ukuthi lo mculi brilliant ukudlala ngokusebenzisa ubuhlungu. Yaqhubeka inika amakhonsathi kuze 1960, isikhathi ngasinye ehamba izilaleli raptures.

Repertoire namagugu

Henry Gustavovich Neuhaus - wopiyano kwekhulu lama-20, okuyinto libhekene isitayela eyingqayizivele play nobunjalo egqamile. repertoire yakhe kwaba eningi imisebenzi Chopin, nge umqambi babenegunya elikhulu izinkumbulo kuxhumene. Ngisho, amakhonsathi wakhe wokuqala nezingane, akabange we izingoma lo mbhali Polish. Futhi kamuva, zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe, waphendukela Chopin, wenza izinhlelo eziningana iqoqo imisebenzi yakhe. Kodwa ngaphezu kwalokho, Genrih Neygauz kudlalwa Scriabin, Schumann, Beethoven, Liszt, ukudlala imisebenzi nge bomculo wesimanje. Yena waqala eRussia wenziwa Preludes 24 by Debussy ekhonsathini eyodwa.

Futhi, ifa zokudala Genriha Gustavovicha kuhlanganisa imisebenzi ukufundisa upiyano imiklamo. Incwadi yakhe "On the Ubuciko Piano Umlingiswa", Diaries yakhe futhi izincwadi ziye zaba umnikelo sina ukufundisa umculo theory kanye umkhuba.

Legacy Neuhaus kwakufanele nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni yaseshashalazini eRussia futhi emhlabeni, futhi-ke, ukuqopha ukusebenza kwakhe kukhona umthombo wenjabulo bonke abathandi upiyano ubuciko, futhi ikakhulukazi abalandeli Chopin.

umsebenzi Sikhungo

Genrih Gustavovich Neygauz, izithombe labafundi kungabonwa amaphosta the best concert amahholo emhlabeni, engu-50 yokuphila kwakhe, ekufundiseni. Umsebenzi wakhe ukufundisa ayiqala Tbilisi ngo-1916, lapho emenywa ngumqondisi we-Imperial Russian Musical Umphakathi Nikolaev. Abafundi lapho abanawo emandla ekwenta lokuhle, futhi injabulo enkulu Akawukhululi umsebenzi, kodwa uvunyelwe ukuqala ukukhiqizwa izindlela zabo zokufundisa. Kusukela ngo-1919, i-Neygauz Genrih Gustavovich - umfundisi Kyïv Conservatory, lapho ayesebenza khona kanye F. Blumenfeld. Ngo-1922, i-oda yakho kokubili abafundisi AN Lunacharskogo idluliselwe eMoscow. Neuhaus waba uprofesa e-Moscow Conservatory, futhi izosebenza kule ehhovisi iminyaka 42. Kuphela ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili, wenza ikhefu elincane kusukela yokufundisa, kusukela ngo-1942 kuya 1944, yena waxoshelwa Urals, lapho ehola ekhonsathini isheduli asebenzayo.

Kusukela ngo-1932, abafundi Neuhaus uqale alidlalele phezulu ukumemezela ngokwawo ku-imincintiswano zomculo abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene. Esimweni ngasinye kulezi "isilwane" yakhe Wafaka umphefumulo, okuholela ukukhathala futhi ngokwalo, kanye umfundi, kubonakala lapho ziye zathinta izifundo ubaba wezingane sika. Genrih Neygauz kuyinto umsunguli enamandla kunazo eMoscow upiyano esikoleni lapho abathweswe iziqu baye baba abadlali abadumile: S. Richter, V. kakhulu, Emil Gilels, S. Neuhaus, u-Alexander Lyubimov, J. Zak, B. Gornostaeva, Nasedkin. Ingqikithi izindlela zakhe zokufundisa babe yokudlanga lomcebo phezu ifomu, wafundisa abaculi ukuhlaba zingene okushiwo umsebenzi, ukuba siphile ngayo, kunokuba onilwelayo inqubo.

Henry Gustavovich futhi washiya theory, ifa elikhulu Pedagogical, wayevame wabhala izihloko omagazini ezikhethekile, professional idayari amanothi futhi ukucabanga. A semali isikhathi ayesibekela umsebenzi imincintiswano ahlukahlukene, ukusiza ukukhomba ithalente. Abafundi bakhe bakwazi ukubhala phansi ezifundweni ezimbalwa izingcweti namuhla abangamalungu isibonelo ngokusebenzisa indlela yokufundisa eliyingqayizivele.

ukuphila Siqu

Neygauz Genrih Gustavovich, ukuphila siqu wayebuye engavamile futhi ezithakazelisayo, eseshadile kathathu. Unkosikazi wokuqala wopiyano baba umfundi wakhe ngesikhathi Kiev Conservatory - UZinaida Eremeeva. UZinaida Neuhaus wazala amadodana amabili umculi u-Adrian no Stanislaus. Kuyinto ezikhathini ezinzima ukuthi ukusekelwa nokusekela komyeni wakhe, wanikela lonke amandla abo ukuqinisekisa induduzo yakhe. Nokho, kwathi uHenry wasishintsha nothando lwakhe lokuqala Militsey Borodkinoy, Lowo okuzala ngezinhlungu zokubeletha ngaphandle komshado indodakazi. Lokhu kuye ukucasula umshado Neuhaus. UZinaida kude uHenry umngane wakhe uBoris Pasternak. Pianist olwembiza, kodwa ekugcineni wakwazi ukubuyeka ukuthola amandla futhi zaqhubeka ubungane imbongi kumkakhe wokuqala. Kukhona izincwadi eziningi lapho uthi uthando lwakhe kuye.

Neuhaus waba unkosikazi wesibili Milica, wahamba naye kuyo yonke le minyaka enzima. Ngo-1933, uHenry Gustavovich iyagula futhi benenkinga imiphumela sifo ngoba konke ukuphila, Milica kuye kule isikhathi eside ngenkuthalo kwasiza. 1937 kwakunzima kakhulu Neuhaus, omunye ngemva komunye nabazali bayafa, bese kufika amashwa esabekayo - efa, indodana yakhe endala, u-Adrian. Dlula kobunzima wopiyano usizo kwamathuba emisebenzi. Ngo-1941, Neuhaus usolwa imisebenzi emelene ngempela namaSoviet futhi wagwetshwa bathunjwe, umkakhe nendodakazi yakhe uhlale e Moscow, kodwa njalo Fussing nabangani bakhe ukuba kukhululwe. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-3 ikhishwe, kodwa ngesikhathi sokuthunjwa, walahlekelwa cishe wonke amazinyo akhe, ezempilo kanzima baqede ihlandla labo. Ngemva Milica ukufa ngo-1962 Neuhaus ashade Silvii Ayhinger, owazi kwaba isikhathi eside kakhulu.

umculi Abafile Neygauz Genrih Gustavovich Okthoba 10, 1964, wangcwatyelwa ku Novodevichy Amathuna eMoscow.

lwamakhosi

Namuhla lwamakhosi Neuhaus uyisibonelo ezingavamile ithalente umndeni, ngobulili ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Gustav Neuhaus waba umsunguli we lwamakhosi. Sakhe esikhulu kunazo zonke indodana uHenry sibonga umndeni okhazinyulisiwe emsebenzini wakhe abacula nokufundisa. Indodana yakhe waba wopiyano Stanislav. It is zihlukaniswa umsungulo waqina futhi umndeni ukuphikelela kumnandi umsebenzi. ngendlela yakhe ukusebenza yayisekelwe thinnest usezwa umculo, okuqukethwe kwayo. Waba omunye abameleli bhá lesikole upiyano kayise, okuyinto komculo izimfundiso zakhe zibe practice. Heinrich futhi Stanislav Neuhaus babe nabadlali engcono emhlabeni Chopin.

Stanislav saba nezingane ezimbili: indodakazi Marina, nendodana uHenry. Stanislav Neuhaus, uyise, wafundisa art pianistic futhi eziningi inhliziyo ayifake indodana yakhe. Genrih Neygauz Jr. baba lwamakhosi owalandela, wabuye wakhulela master upiyano umculo ezinkulu, njengoba imisebenzi eminingi njengoba umhlaziyi umculo.

ubuntu Neuhaus

Genrih Neygauz, ogama biography awunakuhlukaniswa ngomculo, kwaba, ngaphezu kwalokho, indoda erudition makhulu. Wayelethwa lihlotshaniswa kanye nomqeqeshi abaculi, njengabo uBoris Pasternak, Osip Mandelstam, uVladimir Asmus N. Vil'mont, R. Falk, futhi abaculi eziningi ezivelele besikhathi sethu. Henry Gustavovich kwaba umuntu nomdlandla kakhulu ukuphazamiseka wayegila kwamanye uhlobo kokwenza umsebenzi, ekufezeni ukuphelela. Ngokwakhe, ngokuba zihlakaniphe kakhulu, wabuye kakhulu nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni abafundi babo, owenza izindlela ubungane kunokuba ukufundisa ubudlelwano. Neuhaus ngokuvamile kube umuntu unkom 'idla yodwa kakhulu obungenza ngezinye izikhathi izinsuku ukuphela engazange athi vú. Lokhu akusho kumvimbe bengidlala ukuxhumana nabantu, kodwa ekugcineni wakwazi ukubuyeka achithe isikhathi sakhe emhlabeni.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Neygauz Genrih Gustavovich, amaqiniso athakazelisayo zokuphila okuyizinto ikakhulukazi ahlobene ne umculo, ezazidume ngokutshala ngenxa yokuthi baye bafeza yonke imisebenzi Chopin, ezinye zazo izinhlelo ezahlukene.

Neuhaus ngowomnikazi amakhosi ezingavamile zomculo, lapho amakhono ezingeni ngabameli izizukulwane ezahlukene cishe ezingeni njalo okusezingeni eliphezulu. Genrihu Neygauzu abazinikezele izinkondlo zabo Pasternak futhi Osip Mandelstam, ayivusa eduze befriended.

Phakathi nezifundo zakhe e umculo Neuhaus akabubekezelelanga khona umuntu oseduze. Ngokuvamile wayehileleka lizwe futhi waphoqelela ngalesi sikhathi endlini lalingenalutho. Futhi ayethanda ukubhekana ebusuku, njengoba kwakunjalo isikhova.